17 Kay Daniels, Kay Daniels, Convict Women Convict Women (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998), 124. (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998), 124.

18 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), "Fatality of the Factory Nursery Repeated!" Tuesday, 29 May 1838, 4. (Hobart, Australia), "Fatality of the Factory Nursery Repeated!" Tuesday, 29 May 1838, 4.

19 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), "Coroners Inquest: Inspection of the Female Factory," Tuesday, 3 April 1838, 6. (Hobart, Australia), "Coroners Inquest: Inspection of the Female Factory," Tuesday, 3 April 1838, 6.

20 Colonial Times Colonial Times, "Fatality of the Factory Nursery Repeated!"

21 Ibid. Ibid.

22 Ibid. Ibid.

23 George Mackaness, George Mackaness, Some Private Correspondence of Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin (Tasmania, 1837-1845), Part I Some Private Correspondence of Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin (Tasmania, 1837-1845), Part I (Sydney: D. S. Ford Printers, 1947), 37-38. (Sydney: D. S. Ford Printers, 1947), 37-38.

24 Rebecca Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful': Infant and Child Mortality in the Convict Nurseries of Van Diemen's Land," paper for Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 5. Rebecca Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful': Infant and Child Mortality in the Convict Nurseries of Van Diemen's Land," paper for Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 5.

25 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, "Fashions for March," Friday, 23 July 1841, 4.

26 Brown, Brown, Poverty Is Not a Crime Poverty Is Not a Crime, 27.

27 Joyce Purtscher, Joyce Purtscher, Children in Queen's Orphanage Hobart Town, 1828-1863 Children in Queen's Orphanage Hobart Town, 1828-1863 (New Town, Australia: Irene Schaffer, 1993). (New Town, Australia: Irene Schaffer, 1993).

28 Joyce Purtscher, "Queen's Orphanage Hobart Town, 1828-1879," paper presented to Female Factory Research Group, November 2007, 2, 8. Joyce Purtscher, "Queen's Orphanage Hobart Town, 1828-1879," paper presented to Female Factory Research Group, November 2007, 2, 8.

29 Ibid., 9. Ibid., 9.

30 Ibid., 12. Ibid., 12.

31 Ibid., 1. Ibid., 1.

32 Brown, Brown, Poverty Is Not a Crime Poverty Is Not a Crime, 67.

33 Purtscher, "Queen's Orphanage Hobart Town, 1828-1879," 7. Purtscher, "Queen's Orphanage Hobart Town, 1828-1879," 7.

34 Ibid., 4. Ibid., 4.

35 Ibid., 6. Ibid., 6.

36 John Price, Letter to Josiah Spode, Princ.i.p.al Superintendent of Convicts, March 19, 1841, Archives of Tasmania, Colonial Secretary's Office 5/1/282/7406. John Price, Letter to Josiah Spode, Princ.i.p.al Superintendent of Convicts, March 19, 1841, Archives of Tasmania, Colonial Secretary's Office 5/1/282/7406.

37 Ibid. Ibid.

38 Ibid. Ibid.

39 Ibid. Ibid.

40 Margaret Rolfe, Margaret Rolfe, Australian Quilt Heritage Australian Quilt Heritage (Rushcutters Bay, Australia: J. B. Fairfax Press, 1998), 19. (Rushcutters Bay, Australia: J. B. Fairfax Press, 1998), 19.

41 Mackaness, Mackaness, Some Private Correspondence of Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin Some Private Correspondence of Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin, 22.

42 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, Friday, 30 July 1841, 3.

43 Supplementary Conduct Record, Ellen Scott, Archives of Tasmania, CON 32/1/1, 309. Supplementary Conduct Record, Ellen Scott, Archives of Tasmania, CON 32/1/1, 309.

44 Female Factory Research Group, Female Factory Research Group, Convict Lives: Women at Cascades Female Factory Convict Lives: Women at Cascades Female Factory (Hobart, Australia: Research Tasmania, 2009), 68. (Hobart, Australia: Research Tasmania, 2009), 68.

45 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 10 March 1840, 4. (Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 10 March 1840, 4.

46 Female Factory Research Group, Female Factory Research Group, Convict Lives Convict Lives, 52, 55.

47 Female Factory Research Group, "Infant Deaths at Hobart Nurseries" (name misspelled as William Hoaston), Female Factory Research Group, "Infant Deaths at Hobart Nurseries" (name misspelled as William Hoaston), http://www.femalefactory.com.au/FFRG/nurseries.htm.

Chapter 8: The Yellow C.

1 Conduct Record, Janet Houston, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/6, 9. Conduct Record, Janet Houston, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/6, 9.

2 Joy Damousi, Joy Damousi, Depraved and Disorderly: Female Convicts, s.e.xuality and Gender in Colonial Australia Depraved and Disorderly: Female Convicts, s.e.xuality and Gender in Colonial Australia (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 109. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 109.

3 Damousi, Damousi, Depraved and Disorderly Depraved and Disorderly, 91.

4 Ibid. Ibid.

5 Rebecca Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful': Infant and Child Mortality in the Convict Nurseries of Van Diemen's Land," paper for Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 4. Rebecca Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful': Infant and Child Mortality in the Convict Nurseries of Van Diemen's Land," paper for Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 4.

6 Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful,'" 4. Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful,'" 4.

7 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, "Rules and Regulations," Sat.u.r.day, 10 October 1829, 4.

8 Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful,'" 5. Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful,'" 5.

9 "Convict Maid," Australian Folk Songs, from b.u.t.terss & Webby, "Convict Maid," Australian Folk Songs, from b.u.t.terss & Webby, Penguin Book of Australian Ballads Penguin Book of Australian Ballads, http://folkstream.com/026.html.

10 Hyland, Jeanette E., Hyland, Jeanette E., Maids, Masters and Magistrates Maids, Masters and Magistrates (Blackmans Bay, Australia: Clan Hogarth Publishing, 2007), 18. (Blackmans Bay, Australia: Clan Hogarth Publishing, 2007), 18.

11 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 7 April 1846, 3. (Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 7 April 1846, 3.

12 James Boyce, James Boyce, Van Diemen's Land Van Diemen's Land (Melbourne, Australia: Black, 2009), 179. (Melbourne, Australia: Black, 2009), 179.

13 Lt. Colonel G.o.dfrey Charles Mundy, Lt. Colonel G.o.dfrey Charles Mundy, Our Antipodes: or, Residence and Rambles in the Australasian Colonies, with a Glimpse of the Goldfields Our Antipodes: or, Residence and Rambles in the Australasian Colonies, with a Glimpse of the Goldfields (London: Richard Bentley, 1855), 501. (London: Richard Bentley, 1855), 501.

14 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, "Rules and Regulations."

15 Damousi, Damousi, Depraved and Disorderly Depraved and Disorderly, 60.

16 Description List: Eliza Smith, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/12, 247. Description List: Eliza Smith, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/12, 247.

17 Description List: Mary Devereux, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 511. Description List: Mary Devereux, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 511.

18 Description List: Frances Hutchinson, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 17. Description List: Frances Hutchinson, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 17.

19 David Kent, "Decorative Bodies: The Significance of Convicts' Tattoos," David Kent, "Decorative Bodies: The Significance of Convicts' Tattoos," Journal of Australian Studies Journal of Australian Studies, No. 53 (1 June 1997), 79.

20 Conduct Record, Eliza Smith, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 14. Conduct Record, Eliza Smith, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 14.

21 Damousi, Damousi, Depraved and Disorderly Depraved and Disorderly, 61.

22 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), "Calendar for the Ensuing Week," Tuesday, 16 August 1842, 2. (Hobart, Australia), "Calendar for the Ensuing Week," Tuesday, 16 August 1842, 2.

23 Damousi, Damousi, Depraved and Disorderly Depraved and Disorderly, 60.

24 Ibid., 61. Ibid., 61.

25 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), "The Factory," Tuesday, 1 February 1842, 2. (Hobart, Australia), "The Factory," Tuesday, 1 February 1842, 2.

26 Ibid. Ibid.

27 George Mackaness, George Mackaness, Some Private Correspondence of Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin (Tasmania, 1837-1845), Part II Some Private Correspondence of Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin (Tasmania, 1837-1845), Part II (Sydney: D. S. Ford Printers, 1947), 51. (Sydney: D. S. Ford Printers, 1947), 51.

28 Ibid. Ibid.

29 Ibid. Ibid.

30 Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful,'" 7. Kippen, "'And the Mortality Frightful,'" 7.

31 Ludlow Tedder, Testimony before the Princ.i.p.al Superintendent, Tuesday, 14 June 1842, Archives of Tasmania, AC 480/1/1. Ludlow Tedder, Testimony before the Princ.i.p.al Superintendent, Tuesday, 14 June 1842, Archives of Tasmania, AC 480/1/1.

32 Description List: Eliza Morgan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 235. Description List: Eliza Morgan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 235.

33 Stefan Petrow, "Policing in a Penal Colony: Governor Arthur's Police System in Van Die-men's Land, 1826-1836," Stefan Petrow, "Policing in a Penal Colony: Governor Arthur's Police System in Van Die-men's Land, 1826-1836," Law and History Review Law and History Review, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Summer 2000), http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/18.2/petrow.html (18 October 2009). (18 October 2009).

34 Ibid. Ibid.

35 Ibid. Ibid.

36 Eleanor Conlin Casella, "To Watch or Restrain: Female Convict Prisons in 19th-Century Tasmania," Eleanor Conlin Casella, "To Watch or Restrain: Female Convict Prisons in 19th-Century Tasmania," International Journal of Historical Archaeology International Journal of Historical Archaeology, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2001), 61.

37 Lucy Frost and Hamish Maxwell-Stewart, Lucy Frost and Hamish Maxwell-Stewart, Chain Letters: Narrating Convict Lives Chain Letters: Narrating Convict Lives (Carlton South, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 2001), 81. (Carlton South, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 2001), 81.

38 Ibid. Ibid.

39 Ibid., 82. Ibid., 82.

40 Hobart Court of Petty Sessions May-November 1842, Tuesday, 21 June 1842, Archives of Tasmania, LC 247/1/11, 154. Hobart Court of Petty Sessions May-November 1842, Tuesday, 21 June 1842, Archives of Tasmania, LC 247/1/11, 154.

41 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, "Rules and Regulations," Sat.u.r.day, 10 October 1829, 4.

42 Conduct Record, Ludlow Tedder, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 113. Conduct Record, Ludlow Tedder, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 113.

43 Gay Hendriksen, Dr. Carol Liston, and Dr. Trudy Cowley, Gay Hendriksen, Dr. Carol Liston, and Dr. Trudy Cowley, Women Transported: Life in Australia's Convict Female Factories Women Transported: Life in Australia's Convict Female Factories (Parramatta, Australia: Parramatta Heritage Centre), 65. (Parramatta, Australia: Parramatta Heritage Centre), 65.

44 Ibid., 62. Ibid., 62.

45 Queen's Asylum, Register of Children Admitted and Discharged from the Male and Female Orphan School, 1828-1863, SWD28, 13. Queen's Asylum, Register of Children Admitted and Discharged from the Male and Female Orphan School, 1828-1863, SWD28, 13.

46 Ticket of Leave, Ludlow Tedder, New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia, Convict Pardons 1834-1859, Ticket of Leave, Ludlow Tedder, New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia, Convict Pardons 1834-1859, http://search.ancestrylibrary.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1184.

Chapter 9: Flames of Love.

1 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), "Rules and Regulations for Young Ladies," Friday, 4 March 1831, 4. (Hobart, Australia), "Rules and Regulations for Young Ladies," Friday, 4 March 1831, 4.

2 Phil Cullen (Agnes McMillan's great-grandson-in-law), Agnes McMillan family history. Phil Cullen (Agnes McMillan's great-grandson-in-law), Agnes McMillan family history.

3 Robert Hughes, Robert Hughes, The Fatal Sh.o.r.e The Fatal Sh.o.r.e (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987), 454. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987), 454.

4 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, Friday, 14 September 1838, 2.

5 Brad Williams, Heritage Project Officer, Southern Midlands Council, Brad Williams, Heritage Project Officer, Southern Midlands Council, Oatlands Gaol Conservation Management Plan 2006 Oatlands Gaol Conservation Management Plan 2006, 17, http://www.southernmidlands.tas.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/OatlandsGaol_CMP_compressed.pdf.

6 Anna Gurnhill, "Oatlands Supreme Court House and Collections Access and Interpretation Plan," Anna Gurnhill, "Oatlands Supreme Court House and Collections Access and Interpretation Plan," People and Place People and Place, Vol. 2 (March 2007), 3, http://www.southernmidlands.tas.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/OatlandsCourt_House_Interps_Plan_Volume_2.pdf.

7 K. R. Von Stieglitz, K. R. Von Stieglitz, A History of Oatlands and Jericho A History of Oatlands and Jericho (Launceston, Australia: Telegraph Printery, 1960), 14. (Launceston, Australia: Telegraph Printery, 1960), 14.

8 Ibid., 71. Ibid., 71.

9 Bruce Hindmarsh, "Beer and Fighting: Some Aspects of Male Convict Leisure in Rural Van Diemen's Land, 1820-40," Bruce Hindmarsh, "Beer and Fighting: Some Aspects of Male Convict Leisure in Rural Van Diemen's Land, 1820-40," Journal of Australian Studies Journal of Australian Studies, Vol. 63 (1 December 1999), 153.

10 Ibid., 154-156. Ibid., 154-156.

11 Vera Fisher, Vera Fisher, Oatlands Heritage Walk One Oatlands Heritage Walk One, Munic.i.p.ality of Oatlands, 8.

12 Description List: William Roberts, Archives of Tasmania, CON 18/1/21, 76. Description List: William Roberts, Archives of Tasmania, CON 18/1/21, 76.

13 Phil Cullen, Agnes McMillan family history. Phil Cullen, Agnes McMillan family history.

14 Alan Villiers, Alan Villiers, Vanished Fleets Vanished Fleets (Oxford, UK: Scribner's, 1974), 62. (Oxford, UK: Scribner's, 1974), 62.

15 Ken McGoogan, Ken McGoogan, Lady Franklin's Revenge Lady Franklin's Revenge (London: Bantam Books, 2007), 251. (London: Bantam Books, 2007), 251.