1 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, "Trade and Shipping," Friday, 9 December 1836, 3.

2 James Ellis, Surgeon Superintendent, "Surgeon's Report James Ellis, Surgeon Superintendent, "Surgeon's Report Westmoreland Westmoreland," AJCP ADM 101/74, Archives of Tasmania, Reel 3212.

3 Linus W. Miller, Linus W. Miller, Notes of an Exile to Van Diemen's Land Notes of an Exile to Van Diemen's Land (New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1968; first published in 1846), 260. (New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1968; first published in 1846), 260.

4 Margaret C. Dillon, "Convict Labour and Colonial Society in the Campbell Town Police District: 1820-1839," unpublished doctoral thesis (University of Tasmania, 2008), 179. Margaret C. Dillon, "Convict Labour and Colonial Society in the Campbell Town Police District: 1820-1839," unpublished doctoral thesis (University of Tasmania, 2008), 179.

5 Description List: Janet Houston, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 415. Description List: Janet Houston, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 415.

6 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, Friday, 23 December 1836, 2.

7 Charles Wooley and Michael Tatlow, Charles Wooley and Michael Tatlow, A Walk in Old Hobart A Walk in Old Hobart (Walk Guides Australia, 2007), 4. (Walk Guides Australia, 2007), 4.

8 John West, John West, The History of Tasmania The History of Tasmania (London: Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1971; first published in 1852), 342. (London: Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1971; first published in 1852), 342.

9 Alan Villiers, Alan Villiers, Vanished Fleets Vanished Fleets (Oxford, UK: Scribner's, 1974), 145-146. (Oxford, UK: Scribner's, 1974), 145-146.

10 Phillip Tardif, Phillip Tardif, Notorious Strumpets and Dangerous Girls Notorious Strumpets and Dangerous Girls (North Ryde, Australia: Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990), 18. (North Ryde, Australia: Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990), 18.

11 West, West, The History of Tasmania The History of Tasmania, 47.

12 Peter Bolger, Peter Bolger, Hobart Town Hobart Town (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1973), 17. (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1973), 17.

13 Ibid., 60. Ibid., 60.

14 Ibid., 36. Ibid., 36.

15 Sir William Molesworth, Sir William Molesworth, Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons on Transportation; Together with a Letter from the Archbishop of Dublin on the Same Subject, and Notes by Sir William Molesworth, Bart., Chairman of the Committee 1838 Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons on Transportation; Together with a Letter from the Archbishop of Dublin on the Same Subject, and Notes by Sir William Molesworth, Bart., Chairman of the Committee 1838 (Adelaide: Libraries Board of South Australia, 1967), 36. (Adelaide: Libraries Board of South Australia, 1967), 36.

16 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), Friday, 23 March 1827, 4. (Hobart, Australia), Friday, 23 March 1827, 4.

17 Kay Daniels, Kay Daniels, Convict Women Convict Women (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998), 86. (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998), 86.

18 Henry Melville, Henry Melville, The History of Van Diemen's Land The History of Van Diemen's Land (Sydney: Horwitz-Grahame, 1965), 161. (Sydney: Horwitz-Grahame, 1965), 161.

19 Bolger, Bolger, Hobart Town Hobart Town, 59.

20 Hyland, Jeanette E., Hyland, Jeanette E., Maids, Masters and Magistrates Maids, Masters and Magistrates (Blackmans Bay, Australia: Clan Hogarth Publishing, 2007), 24. (Blackmans Bay, Australia: Clan Hogarth Publishing, 2007), 24.

21 Wooley and Tatlow, Wooley and Tatlow, A Walk in Old Hobart A Walk in Old Hobart, 82.

22 Hyland, Hyland, Maids, Masters and Magistrates Maids, Masters and Magistrates, 24.

23 Joy Damousi, Joy Damousi, Depraved and Disorderly: Female Convicts, s.e.xuality and Gender in Colonial Australia Depraved and Disorderly: Female Convicts, s.e.xuality and Gender in Colonial Australia (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 51. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 51.

24 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, "Rules and Regulations," Sat.u.r.day, 10 October 1829, 4.

25 Ibid. Ibid.

26 Ibid. Ibid.

27 Ibid. Ibid.

28 Hyland, Hyland, Maids, Masters and Magistrates Maids, Masters and Magistrates, 126.

29 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, Friday, 30 December 1836, 2.

30 Hobart Town Courier Hobart Town Courier, Friday, 13 January 1837, 2.

31 Miller, Miller, Notes of an Exile to Van Diemen's Land Notes of an Exile to Van Diemen's Land, 266-267.

32 Frances J. Woodward, Frances J. Woodward, Portrait of Jane: A Life of Lady Franklin Portrait of Jane: A Life of Lady Franklin (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1951), 143. (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1951), 143.

33 Thomas Timpson, Thomas Timpson, Memoirs of Mrs. Elizabeth Fry Memoirs of Mrs. Elizabeth Fry (Elibron Cla.s.sics; first published in 1847), 150. (Elibron Cla.s.sics; first published in 1847), 150.

34 Ibid., 158. Ibid., 158.

35 Conduct Record, Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 9. Conduct Record, Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 9.

36 Ibid. Ibid.

37 West, West, The History of Tasmania The History of Tasmania, 254.

38 Conduct Record, Ellen Scott, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/9. Conduct Record, Ellen Scott, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/9.

39 Damousi, Damousi, Depraved and Disorderly Depraved and Disorderly, 59.

40 Miller, Miller, Notes of an Exile to Van Diemen's Land Notes of an Exile to Van Diemen's Land, 262.

41 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 10 March 1840, 4. (Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 10 March 1840, 4.

42 Daniels, Daniels, Convict Women Convict Women, 140.

43 Damousi, Damousi, Depraved and Disorderly Depraved and Disorderly, 61.

44 Conduct Record, Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 9. Conduct Record, Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 9.

Chapter 6: Ludlow's Choice.

1 Daniel Pool, Daniel Pool, What Jane Austen Ate and Charles d.i.c.kens Knew What Jane Austen Ate and Charles d.i.c.kens Knew (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 30. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 30.

2 Eliza Lynn Linton, "On the Side of the Maids," Eliza Lynn Linton, "On the Side of the Maids," Cornhill Magazine Cornhill Magazine, Vol. 29, No. 171 (1874), 304.

3 Pool, Pool, What Jane Austen Ate What Jane Austen Ate, 30.

4 Ibid., 252. Ibid., 252.

5 Judith Flanders, Judith Flanders, Inside the Victorian Home Inside the Victorian Home (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 371. (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 371.

6 Charles d.i.c.kens, Charles d.i.c.kens, Sketches by Boz Sketches by Boz (London: Everyone's Library, 1968), 164. (London: Everyone's Library, 1968), 164.

7 Ellen W. Darwin, "Domestic Service," Ellen W. Darwin, "Domestic Service," Nineteenth Century Nineteenth Century, Vol. 39, No. 162 (August 1890), 290.

8 Sally Mitch.e.l.l, ed., Sally Mitch.e.l.l, ed., Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia (New York: Garland Publishing, 1988), 706. (New York: Garland Publishing, 1988), 706.

9 Linton, "On the Side of the Maids," 304. Linton, "On the Side of the Maids," 304.

10 Bobbie Kalman, Bobbie Kalman, Victorian Christmas Victorian Christmas (New York: Crabtree Publishing, 1997), 6. (New York: Crabtree Publishing, 1997), 6.

11 Sian Rees, Sian Rees, The Floating Brothel The Floating Brothel (New York: Hyperion Press, 2002), 37. (New York: Hyperion Press, 2002), 37.

12 Ibid., 24. Ibid., 24.

13 The Old Bailey Online: The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, "History of the Old Bailey Courthouse," The Old Bailey Online: The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, "History of the Old Bailey Courthouse," http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//static/The-old-bailey.jsp.

14 Rees, Rees, The Floating Brothel The Floating Brothel, 25.

15 Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-301, Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-301, http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//Ibrowse.jsp?id=def1-301-18381217&div=t18381217-301.

16 Ibid. Ibid.

17 The Old Bailey Online: The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, "Trial Procedures: How Trials Were Conducted at the Old Bailey," The Old Bailey Online: The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, "Trial Procedures: How Trials Were Conducted at the Old Bailey," http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/static/ITrial-procedures.jsp.

18 Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-301, Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-301, http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//Ibrowse.jsp?id=def1-301-18381217&div=t18381217-301.

19 Henry Mayhew with William S. Gilbert, Henry Mayhew with William S. Gilbert, London Characters: Ill.u.s.trations of the Humour, Pathos, and Peculiarities London Characters: Ill.u.s.trations of the Humour, Pathos, and Peculiarities (London: Chatto & Windus, 1881), 216. (London: Chatto & Windus, 1881), 216.

20 Ibid., 213. Ibid., 213.

21 Clive Emsley, Clive Emsley, Crime and Society in England, 1750-1900 Crime and Society in England, 1750-1900 (Harlow, UK: Pearson Education, 2005), 201. (Harlow, UK: Pearson Education, 2005), 201.

22 Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-350, Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-350, http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//Ibrowse.jsp?id=def1-350-18381217&div=t18381217-350.

23 Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-330, Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-330, http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-330-18381217&div=t18381217-330.

24 The Old Bailey Online: The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, "Punishments at the Old Bailey," The Old Bailey Online: The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, "Punishments at the Old Bailey," http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/static/Punishment.jsp.

25 Mayhew, Mayhew, London Characters London Characters, 204.

26 Heather Sh.o.r.e, Heather Sh.o.r.e, Artful Dodgers: Youth and Crime in Early 19th-Century London Artful Dodgers: Youth and Crime in Early 19th-Century London (Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 1999), 134. (Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 1999), 134.

27 Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-417, Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-417, http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-417-18381217&div=t18381217-417.

28 Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-269, Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-269, http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//Ibrowse.jsp?id=def1-269-18381217&div=t18381217-269.

29 Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-333, Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-333, http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-333-18381217&div=t18381217-333.

30 Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-333, Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-333, http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-300-18381217&div=t18381217-300.

31 Gay Hendriksen, Dr. Carol Liston, and Dr. Trudy Cowley, Gay Hendriksen, Dr. Carol Liston, and Dr. Trudy Cowley, Women Transported: Life in Australia's Convict Female Factories Women Transported: Life in Australia's Convict Female Factories (Parramatta, Australia: Parramatta Heritage Centre), 18. (Parramatta, Australia: Parramatta Heritage Centre), 18.

32 Ibid. Ibid.

Chapter 7: Liverpool Street.

1 Michele Field and Timothy Millett, eds., Michele Field and Timothy Millett, eds., Convict Love Tokens Convict Love Tokens (Kent Town, Australia: Wakefield Press, 1998), 13-14. (Kent Town, Australia: Wakefield Press, 1998), 13-14.

2 Ibid., 4. Ibid., 4.

3 Description List: Ann Price, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 296. Description List: Ann Price, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 296.

4 Ibid., 141. Ibid., 141.

5 Description List: Mary Grady, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 261. Description List: Mary Grady, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 261.

6 Description List: Mary Sullivan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 306. Description List: Mary Sullivan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 306.

7 Description List: Hannah Herbert, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 265. Description List: Hannah Herbert, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 265.

8 Description List: Amy Wilson, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 321. Description List: Amy Wilson, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 321.

9 John Love, Surgeon Superintendent, "Surgeon's Report John Love, Surgeon Superintendent, "Surgeon's Report Mellish Mellish," ADM 101/53, Archives of Tasmania, Reel 3204.

10 Patrick Howard, Patrick Howard, To h.e.l.l or to Hobart To h.e.l.l or to Hobart (Kenthurst, Australia: Kangaroo Press, 1993), 124. (Kenthurst, Australia: Kangaroo Press, 1993), 124.

11 Malcolm Ronan, Malcolm Ronan, Up and Down the River: The Butlers from Benenden Up and Down the River: The Butlers from Benenden (Melbourne, Australia: Macron Publishing, 1998), 14. (Melbourne, Australia: Macron Publishing, 1998), 14.

12 Ibid. Ibid.

13 Conduct Record, Amy Wilson, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 175; Conduct Record, Mary Grady, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/4, 177; Conduct Record, Ann Price, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 141. Conduct Record, Amy Wilson, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 175; Conduct Record, Mary Grady, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/4, 177; Conduct Record, Ann Price, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 141.

14 Conduct Record, Ludlow Tedder, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 113. Conduct Record, Ludlow Tedder, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 113.

15 Colonial Times Colonial Times (Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 10 March 1840, 4. (Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 10 March 1840, 4.

16 Joan C. Brown, Joan C. Brown, Poverty Is Not a Crime: Social Services in Tasmania, 1803-1900 Poverty Is Not a Crime: Social Services in Tasmania, 1803-1900 (Hobart, Australia: Tasmanian Historical Research a.s.sociation, 1972), 63. (Hobart, Australia: Tasmanian Historical Research a.s.sociation, 1972), 63.