11 Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671. Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671.

12 "Kilmarnock with the Villages of Riccarton and Kilmaurs Ayrshire," Directory, 1837, by Pigot & Co., "Kilmarnock with the Villages of Riccarton and Kilmaurs Ayrshire," Directory, 1837, by Pigot & Co., http://www.maybole.org/history/Archives/1837directory/kilmarnock.htm.

13 Ibid. Ibid.

14 Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671. Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671.

15 Mayhew, Mayhew, The London Underworld in the Victorian Period The London Underworld in the Victorian Period, 118-119.

16 Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671. Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671.

17 Ibid. Ibid.

18 Ibid. Ibid.

19 M'Kay, M'Kay, The History of Kilmarnock The History of Kilmarnock, 170.

20 The Green Guide to Scotland The Green Guide to Scotland (Watford, Herts, UK: Michelin Travel Publications, 2000), 72. (Watford, Herts, UK: Michelin Travel Publications, 2000), 72.

21 Ayrshire Roots Towns, "Ayr: The Burgh of Newton, The Parish of St Quivox, & Monktown with Prestwick," Ayrshire Directory, 1837, by Pigot & Co., Ayrshire Roots Towns, "Ayr: The Burgh of Newton, The Parish of St Quivox, & Monktown with Prestwick," Ayrshire Directory, 1837, by Pigot & Co., http://www.ayrshireroots.com/Towns/Ayr/Ayr%201837.htm.

22 Rob Close, Rob Close, Ayrshire and Arran: An Ill.u.s.trated Architectural Guide Ayrshire and Arran: An Ill.u.s.trated Architectural Guide (Edinburgh: Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, 1992), 22. (Edinburgh: Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, 1992), 22.

23 South Ayrshire Council, "County Buildings," South Ayrshire Council, "County Buildings," http://www.south-ayrshire.gov.uk/maps/countybuildings/.

24 Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671. Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671.

25 Donald A. Low, Donald A. Low, The Regency Underworld The Regency Underworld (Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2005), 68. (Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2005), 68.

26 Corder, Corder, Life of Elizabeth Fry Life of Elizabeth Fry, 301.

27 Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671. Scottish Record Office, Reference JC26/671.

28 Ibid. Ibid.

29 Ibid. Ibid.

30 Ibid. Ibid.

31 Lennox, Lord William Pitt, Lennox, Lord William Pitt, Coaching, with Anecdotes of the Road Coaching, with Anecdotes of the Road (London: Hurst & Blackett, Publishers, 1876), 94. (London: Hurst & Blackett, Publishers, 1876), 94.

32 Tony Rayner, Tony Rayner, Female Factory, Female Convicts Female Factory, Female Convicts (Dover, Australia: Esperance Press, 2004), 34. (Dover, Australia: Esperance Press, 2004), 34.

33 Michael Paterson, Michael Paterson, Voices from d.i.c.kens' London Voices from d.i.c.kens' London (Cincinnati, OH: David & Charles, 2007), 255. (Cincinnati, OH: David & Charles, 2007), 255.

Chapter 3: The Angel of Newgate.

1 John Kent, John Kent, Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry (London: B. T. Batsford, 1962), 99-100. (London: B. T. Batsford, 1962), 99-100.

2 Janet Whitney, Janet Whitney, Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry (London: Guild Books, 1947), 135. (London: Guild Books, 1947), 135.

3 Ibid. Ibid.

4 Ibid. Ibid.

5 Ibid. Ibid.

6 Susanna Corder, Susanna Corder, Life of Elizabeth Fry: Compiled from Her Journal, as Edited by Her Daughters, and from Various Other Sources Life of Elizabeth Fry: Compiled from Her Journal, as Edited by Her Daughters, and from Various Other Sources (Philadelphia: Henry Longstreth, 1853), 244. (Philadelphia: Henry Longstreth, 1853), 244.

7 Whitney, Whitney, Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry, 110.

8 Stephen Halliday, Stephen Halliday, Newgate: London's Prototype of h.e.l.l Newgate: London's Prototype of h.e.l.l (Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2007), v. (Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2007), v.

9 Georgina King Lewis, Georgina King Lewis, Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry (London: Headley Brothers, 1912), 102. (London: Headley Brothers, 1912), 102.

10 Corder, Corder, Life of Elizabeth Fry Life of Elizabeth Fry, 289.

11 Memoir of the Life of Elizabeth Fry, with Extracts from her Journal and Letters, Edited by Two of her Daughters, Vol. I Memoir of the Life of Elizabeth Fry, with Extracts from her Journal and Letters, Edited by Two of her Daughters, Vol. I (Philadelphia: J. W. Moore, 1847), 225. (Philadelphia: J. W. Moore, 1847), 225.

12 Corder, Corder, Life of Elizabeth Fry Life of Elizabeth Fry, 238.

13 Whitney, Whitney, Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry, 178.

14 J. C. Long, J. C. Long, George III: The Story of a Complex Man George III: The Story of a Complex Man (New York: Little, Brown, 1960), 96. (New York: Little, Brown, 1960), 96.

15 Whitney, Whitney, Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry, 179.

16 Clive Emsley, Clive Emsley, Crime and Society in England, 1750-1900 Crime and Society in England, 1750-1900 (Harlow, UK: Pearson Education, 2005), 74-75. (Harlow, UK: Pearson Education, 2005), 74-75.

17 Nicolas Bentley, Nicolas Bentley, The Victorian Scene The Victorian Scene (London: G. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968), 105. (London: G. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968), 105.

18 Whitney, Whitney, Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry, 178.

19 Ibid. Ibid.

20 Ibid. Ibid.

21 Ibid. Ibid.

22 Memoir of the Life of Elizabeth Fry Memoir of the Life of Elizabeth Fry, 327.

23 Corder, Corder, Life of Elizabeth Fry Life of Elizabeth Fry, 262.

24 Memoir of the Life of Elizabeth Fry Memoir of the Life of Elizabeth Fry, 327.

25 Abraham Harvey, 2nd Officer, "Reminiscences of the Voyage of the Abraham Harvey, 2nd Officer, "Reminiscences of the Voyage of the Garland Grove 2 Garland Grove 2," Archives of Tasmania, NS816.

Chapter 4: Sweet Sixteen.

1 Stephen Halliday, Stephen Halliday, Newgate: London's Prototype of h.e.l.l Newgate: London's Prototype of h.e.l.l (Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2007), 238. (Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2007), 238.

2 Kay Daniels, Kay Daniels, Convict Women Convict Women (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998), 81. (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998), 81.

3 Jean Hatton, Jean Hatton, Betsy: The Dramatic Biography of Prison Reformer Elizabeth Fry Betsy: The Dramatic Biography of Prison Reformer Elizabeth Fry (Oxford, UK: Monarch Books, 2005), 272. (Oxford, UK: Monarch Books, 2005), 272.

4 Bernard O'Donnell, Bernard O'Donnell, The Old Bailey and Its Trials The Old Bailey and Its Trials (London: Clerke & c.o.c.keran Publishers Limited, 1950), 136. (London: Clerke & c.o.c.keran Publishers Limited, 1950), 136.

5 Ibid. Ibid.

6 Halliday, Halliday, Newgate Newgate, 239.

7 John Kent, John Kent, Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry (London: B. T. Batsford, 1962), 125. (London: B. T. Batsford, 1962), 125.

8 Halliday, Halliday, Newgate Newgate, 59.

9 Arthur Griffiths, Arthur Griffiths, The Chronicles of Newgate The Chronicles of Newgate (New York: Dorset Press, 1987), 412. (New York: Dorset Press, 1987), 412.

10 Ibid., 105. Ibid., 105.

11 Philip Priestley, Philip Priestley, Victorian Prison Lives Victorian Prison Lives (London: Methuen, 1985), 5. (London: Methuen, 1985), 5.

12 Frank Lewis, "The Cost of Convict Transportation: Britain to Australia, 1796-1810," Frank Lewis, "The Cost of Convict Transportation: Britain to Australia, 1796-1810," Economic History Review Economic History Review, Series 2, Vol. 41, No. 4 (1988), 521.

13 Dennis Bardens, Dennis Bardens, Elizabeth Fry: Britain's Second Lady on the Five-Pound Note Elizabeth Fry: Britain's Second Lady on the Five-Pound Note (London: Chanadon Publications, 2004), 55. (London: Chanadon Publications, 2004), 55.

14 Description List: Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 438. Description List: Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 438.

15 Charles Bateson, Charles Bateson, The Convict Ships, 1787-1868 The Convict Ships, 1787-1868 (North Sydney: Library of Australian History, 1985), 65. (North Sydney: Library of Australian History, 1985), 65.

16 Abraham Harvey, 2nd Officer, "Reminiscences of the Voyage of the Abraham Harvey, 2nd Officer, "Reminiscences of the Voyage of the Garland Grove 2 Garland Grove 2," Archives of Tasmania, NS816.

17 Bateson, Bateson, The Convict Ships, 1787-1868 The Convict Ships, 1787-1868, 66.

18 Ibid., 66. Ibid., 66.

19 James Ellis, Surgeon Superintendent, "Surgeon's Report James Ellis, Surgeon Superintendent, "Surgeon's Report Westmoreland Westmoreland," AJCP ADM 101/74, Archives of Tasmania, Reel 3212.

20 Phillip Tardif, Phillip Tardif, Notorious Strumpets and Dangerous Girls Notorious Strumpets and Dangerous Girls (North Ryde, Australia: Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990), 12. (North Ryde, Australia: Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990), 12.

21 William H. Render, William H. Render, Through Prison Bars: The Lives and Labours of John Howard & Elizabeth Fry Through Prison Bars: The Lives and Labours of John Howard & Elizabeth Fry (London: S. W. Partridge, 1894), 110. (London: S. W. Partridge, 1894), 110.

22 Conduct Record, Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 9; Conduct Record, Janet Houston, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/6, 9. Conduct Record, Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 9; Conduct Record, Janet Houston, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/6, 9.

23 Elizabeth Fry, Elizabeth Fry, Observations on the Visiting, Superintendence, and Government of Female Prisoners Observations on the Visiting, Superintendence, and Government of Female Prisoners (London: John & Arthur Arch, 1827), 37-38; Tony Rayner, (London: John & Arthur Arch, 1827), 37-38; Tony Rayner, Female Factory, Female Convicts Female Factory, Female Convicts (Dover, Australia: Esperance Press, 2004), 47. (Dover, Australia: Esperance Press, 2004), 47.

24 J. R. Roberts, Surgeon Superintendent, "Journal of His Majesty's Convict Ship J. R. Roberts, Surgeon Superintendent, "Journal of His Majesty's Convict Ship Royal Admiral Royal Admiral , between the 23rd day of February, 1842 and 14th day of October, 1842," transcription courtesy of Port Arthur Historic Site for Female Factory Research Group. , between the 23rd day of February, 1842 and 14th day of October, 1842," transcription courtesy of Port Arthur Historic Site for Female Factory Research Group.

25 Allan M. Grocott, Allan M. Grocott, Convicts, Clergymen and Churches: Att.i.tudes of Convicts and Ex-Convicts towards the Churches and Clergy in New South Wales from 1788 to 1851 Convicts, Clergymen and Churches: Att.i.tudes of Convicts and Ex-Convicts towards the Churches and Clergy in New South Wales from 1788 to 1851 (Sydney: Sydney University Press, 1980), 56. (Sydney: Sydney University Press, 1980), 56.

26 "Convict Maid," Australian Folk Songs, from b.u.t.terss & Webby, "Convict Maid," Australian Folk Songs, from b.u.t.terss & Webby, Penguin Book of Australian Ballads Penguin Book of Australian Ballads, http://folkstream.com/026.html.

27 Ellis, "Surgeon's Report Ellis, "Surgeon's Report Westmoreland Westmoreland."

28 Frank Murcot Bladen, ed., "Letter from a Female Convict, 29th March 1791," Frank Murcot Bladen, ed., "Letter from a Female Convict, 29th March 1791," Historical Records of New South Wales, Vol. 2 Historical Records of New South Wales, Vol. 2 (Sydney: Charles Potter, Government Printer, 1893), 779. (Sydney: Charles Potter, Government Printer, 1893), 779.

29 Bateson, Bateson, The Convict Ships, 1787-1868 The Convict Ships, 1787-1868, 250.

30 Ellis, "Surgeon's Report Ellis, "Surgeon's Report Westmoreland Westmoreland."

31 Conduct Record, Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 9. Conduct Record, Agnes McMillan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 9.

32 Ibid. Ibid.

33 Conduct Record, Janet Houston, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/6, 9. Conduct Record, Janet Houston, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/6, 9.

34 Bateson, Bateson, The Convict Ships, 1787-1868 The Convict Ships, 1787-1868, 76.

35 Ibid. Ibid.

36 Ellis, "Surgeon's Report Ellis, "Surgeon's Report Westmoreland Westmoreland."

37 Harvey, "Reminiscences." Harvey, "Reminiscences."

38 Ellis, "Surgeon's Report Ellis, "Surgeon's Report Westmoreland Westmoreland."

39 Ibid. Ibid.

40 Hyland, Jeanette E., Hyland, Jeanette E., Maids, Masters and Magistrates Maids, Masters and Magistrates (Blackmans Bay, Australia: Clan Hogarth Publishing, 2007), 15. (Blackmans Bay, Australia: Clan Hogarth Publishing, 2007), 15.

Chapter 5: More Sinned Against Than Sinning.