[118] Bones for those who come late.

[119] According to Spanish custom, a matron is known by prefixing her maiden name with _de_ (possessive _of_) to her husband's name.--TR.

[120] The marble-shop of Rodoreda is still in existence on Calle Carriedo, Santa Cruz.--TR.

[121] There is a play on words here, _Campanario_ meaning belfry and _Torre_ tower.--TR.

[122] The Roman Catholic decalogue does not contain the commandment forbidding the worship of "graven images," its second being the prohibition against "taking His holy name in vain." To make up the ten, the commandment against covetousness is divided into two.--TR.

[123] The famous Virgin of Saragossa, Spain, and patroness of Santa Cruz, Manila.--TR.

[124] In 1883 the old system of "tribute" was abolished and in its place a graduated personal tax imposed. The certificate that this tax had been paid, known as the _cedula personal_, which also served for personal identification, could be required at any time or place, and failure to produce it was cause for summary arrest. It therefore became, in unscrupulous hands, a fruitful source of abuse, since any "undesirable" against whom no specific charge could be brought might be put out of the way by this means.--TR.

[125] Tanawan or Pateros?--_Author's note_. The former is a town in Batangas Province, the latter a village on the northern shore of the Lake of Bay, in what is now Rizal Province.--TR.

[126] The Spanish Parliament.--TR.

[127] _Lasak, talisain_, and _bulik_ are some of the numerous terms used in the vernacular to describe fighting-cocks.--TR.

[128] Another form of the corruption of _compadre_, "friend,"

"neighbor."--TR.

[129] It is a superstition of the cockpit that the color of the victor in the first bout decides the winners for that session: thus, the red having won, the _lasak_, in whose plumage a red color predominates, should be the victor in the succeeding bout.--TR.

[130] The dark swallows will return.

[131] General Carlos Maria de let Torte y Nava Carrada, the first "liberal" governor of the Philippines, was Captain-General from 1869 to 1871. He issued an amnesty to the outlaws and created the Civil Guard, largely from among those who surrendered themselves in response to it.--TR.

[132] After the conquest (officially designated as the "pacification"), the Spanish soldiers who had rendered faithful service were allotted districts known as _encomiendas_, generally of about a thousand natives each. The _encomendero_ was entitled to the tribute from the people in his district and was in return supposed to protect them and provide religious instruction. The early friars alleged extortionate greed and brutal conduct on the part of the _encomenderos_ and made vigorous protests in the natives' behalf.--TR.

[133] Horse and cow.

[134] Fray Gaspar de San Agustin, O.S.A., who came to the Philippines in 1668 and died in Manila in 1724, was the author of a history of the conquest, but his chief claim to immortality comes from a letter written in 1720 on the character and habits of "the Indian inhabitants of these islands," a letter which was widely circulated and which has been extensively used by other writers. In it the writer with senile querulousness harped up and down the whole gamut of abuse in describing and commenting upon the vices of the natives, very artlessly revealing the fact in many places, however, that his observations were drawn principally from the conduct of the servants in the conventos and homes of Spaniards. To him in this letter is due the credit of giving its wide popularity to the specious couplet:

El bejuco crece (The rattan thrives Donde el indio nace, Where the Indian lives,)

which the holy men who delighted in quoting it took as an additional evidence of the wise dispensation of the God of Nature, rather inconsistently overlooking its incongruity with the teachings of Him in whose name they assumed their holy office.

It seems somewhat strange that a spiritual father should have written in such terms about his charges until the fact appears that the letter was addressed to an influential friend in Spain for use in opposition to a proposal to carry out the provisions of the Council of Trent by turning the parishes in the islands over to the secular, and hence, native, clergy. A translation of this bilious tirade, with copious annotations showing to what a great extent it has been used by other writers, appears in Volume XL of Blair and Robertson's _The Philippine Islands.--_ TR.

[135] The Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion Concordia, situated near Santa Ana in the suburbs of Manila, was founded in 1868 for the education of native girls, by a pious Spanish-Filipino lady, who donated a building and grounds, besides bearing the expense of bringing out seven Sisters of Charity to take charge of it.--TR.

[136] The execution of the Filipino priests Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora, in 1872.--TR.

[137] The fair day is foretold by the morn.

[138] _Paracmason_, i.e. freemason.

[139] Scholastic theologians.--TR.

[140] And yet it does move!

[141] I am a man and nothing that concerns humanity do I consider foreign to me.

[142] A portion of the closing words of Virgil's third eclogue, equivalent here to "Let the curtain drop."--TR.

[143] "Whatever is hidden will be revealed, nothing will remain unaccounted for." From _Dies Irae_, the hymn in the mass for the dead, best known to English readers from the paraphrase of it in Scott's _Lay of the Last Minstrel_. The lines here quoted were thus metrically translated by Macaulay:

"What was distant shall be near, What was hidden shall be clear."--TR.

[144] A common nickname. See the Glossary, under _Nicknames.--TR_.

[145] The Marianas, or Ladrone Islands, were used as a place of banishment for political prisoners.--TR.

[146] "Evil Omen," a nickname applied by the friars to General Joaquin Jovellar, who was governor of the Islands from 1883 to 1885. It fell to the lot of General Jovellar, a kindly old man, much more soldier than administrator, to attempt the introduction of certain salutary reforms tending toward progress, hence his disfavor with the holy fathers. The mention of "General J----" in the last part of the epilogue probably refers also to him.--TR.

[147] A celebrated Italian astronomer, member of the Jesuit Order. The Jesuits are still in charge of the Observatory of Manila.--TR.

[148] "Our Lady of the Girdle" is the patroness of the Augustinian Order.--TR.

[149] This image is in the six-million-peso steel church of St. Sebastian in Manila. Something of her early history is thus given by Fray Luis de Jesus in his _Historia_ of the Recollect Order (1681): "A very holy image is revered there under the title of Carmen. Although that image is small in stature, it is a great and perennial spring of prodigies for those who invoke her. Our religious took it from Nueva Espana (Mexico), and even in that very navigation she was able to make herself known by her miracles .... That most holy image is daily frequented with vows, presents, and novenas, thank-offerings of the many who are daily favored by that queen of the skies."--Blair and Robertson, _The Philippine Islands_, Vol. XXI, p. 195.

[150] The oldest and most conservative newspaper in Manila at the time this work was written.--TR.

[151] Following closely upon the liberal administration of La Torre, there occurred in the Cavite arsenal in 1872 a mutiny which was construed as an incipient rebellion, and for alleged complicity in it three native priests, Padres Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora, were garroted, while a number of prominent Manilans were deported.--TR.

[152] What do I see? ... Wherefore?

[153] What do you wish? Nothing is in the intellect which has not first passed through the senses; nothing is willed that is not already in the mind.

[154] Where in the world are we?

[155] The uprising of Ibarra suppressed by the alferez of the Civil Guard? And now?

[156] Friend, Plato is dear but truth is dearer ... It's a bad business and a horrible result from these things is to be feared.

[157] Against him who denies the fundamentals, clubs should be used as arguments.

[158] Latin prayers. "Agnus Dei Catolis" for "Agnus Dei qui tollis"

(John I. 29).

[159] Woe unto them! Where there's smoke there's fire! Like seeks like; and if Ibarra is hanged, therefore you will be hanged.

[160] I do not fear death in bed, but upon the mount of Bagumbayan.