5. TR to B, May 5, 1898; TR to B, May 5, 1898; RR RR.810, 2730; Wes.567; Cosby, Arthur S., "A Roosevelt Rough Rider Looks Back," unpublished ms., 1957, TRC, 27.

6. RR RR. 10.

7. TR.War.Di. May 15, 1898; Jones, TR.War.Di. May 15, 1898; Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 35; Hag.LW.I.1512.

8. Wes.79; Hag.LW.I.151. Wes.79; Hag.LW.I.151.

9. Ib., 152; Jones, Ib., 152; Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 36.

10. RR RR. 10. "Why, he knows every man in the regiment by name"-a Rough Rider qu. in McLure's Magazine McLure's Magazine, Nov. 1898; Sun Sun, May 8.

11. RR.16 RR.16.

12. Ib. Ib.

13. Jones, Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 282340 has a complete alphabetical roster of the regiment.

14. Mor.832. Mor.832.

15. Hag.LW.I.147; Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 25; Hag.LW.I.147; Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 25; RR RR.22; pics in TRC.

16. The following timetable of a typical day at Camp Wood is based on a letter of George Hamner (d. Feb. 6, 1973) to his sweetheart, qu. in Walker, Dale, "The Last of the Rough Riders," The following timetable of a typical day at Camp Wood is based on a letter of George Hamner (d. Feb. 6, 1973) to his sweetheart, qu. in Walker, Dale, "The Last of the Rough Riders," Montana Montana, XII.3 (July 1973) 434.

17. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 36. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 36.

18. RR RR.234; Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 39; see also Wes.80. Mounted drill usually took place at the nearby Mission of San Jose, where there was more space available. Ib., 80.

19. Prentice, Lt. Royal A., "The Rough Riders," Prentice, Lt. Royal A., "The Rough Riders," New Mexico Historical Review New Mexico Historical Review, 26.4 (Oct. 1951) and 27.1 (Jan. 1952) 269.

20. Ib., 264; Ib., 264; RR RR. 1819.

21. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 39; Jones, Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 39; Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 39.

22. RR RR.25.

23. Ib., 22; Hall, Thomas W., Ib., 22; Hall, Thomas W., The Fun and Fighting of the Rough Riders The Fun and Fighting of the Rough Riders (NY, 1899) 42. (NY, 1899) 42.

24. Mor.832. Mor.832.

25. Prentice, "The RRs," 267: "After the day's work was done there would be hardly a man left in camp, as each troop had its own gateway." Prentice, "The RRs," 267: "After the day's work was done there would be hardly a man left in camp, as each troop had its own gateway."

26. Hall, Hall, Fun and Fighting Fun and Fighting, 42.

27. Ib. Ib.

28. This sentence is taken nearly verbatim from ib., 43. This sentence is taken nearly verbatim from ib., 43.

29. See Wes.77; Hag.LW.I.1456. See Wes.77; Hag.LW.I.1456.

30. "Theodore has already a great hold on them-before long he will be able to do anything he likes with them." Robert Ferguson to Douglas Robinson, c. May 15, 1898 (Alsop Papers, TRC). Wood qu. Hag.LW.I.157. "Theodore has already a great hold on them-before long he will be able to do anything he likes with them." Robert Ferguson to Douglas Robinson, c. May 15, 1898 (Alsop Papers, TRC). Wood qu. Hag.LW.I.157.

31. Jones, Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 37; TR qu. Hag.LW.I.154. This incident seems mild enough now, but in those pre-prohibition days it was a serious breach of military discipline. The modern equivalent would be for an officer to join his men after drill for a friendly joint of marijuana. "Nectar," sighed one trooper, "never tasted as good as that beer." Prentice, "The RRs," 267.

32. RR RR.25; Mor.832. Arthur S. Cosby, a late recruit who arrived in camp on May 26, was impressed by the regiment's flawless performance during mounted drill. "It was a fine sight to see these men marching their mounts in formation or launching on thunderous gallops-all at quick response to the nasal, high-pitched commands of Col. Roosevelt." Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 29. TR qu. Sun Sun clip, n.d., TR.Scr. clip, n.d., TR.Scr.

33. Har.103. Har.103.

34. Wes.83; Wes.83; Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, May 27, 1898 ("Teddy's Terrors Cut Up High Jinks at San Antonio"), qu. Wes.82. Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 43, says that two thousand shots were fired.

35. Wood qu. Hag.LW.I.149. Wood qu. Hag.LW.I.149.

36. Jones, Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 43; Hag. LW.I. 155; Azo.545.

37. See Lor.3045. See Lor.3045.

38. TR.War.Di. May 29, 1898; Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 39 ff; TR.War.Di. May 29, 1898; Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 39 ff; RR RR.34; see also Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 44.

39. RR RR.32. The Rough Rider Special consisted of 25 day coaches, 2 Pullmans, 5 baggage cars, 8 box cars, and 60 livestock cars. Sections traveled about a mile apart. Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 43.

40. RR RR.35.

41. See See RR RR.32 for TR's amused rejection of Demolins's military thesis.

42. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 45. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 45.

43. See Wes. See Wes. passim passim for an indication of the depth and extent of this coverage through the West and South. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 436; for an indication of the depth and extent of this coverage through the West and South. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 436; RR RR.345; Hall, Fun and Fighting, 6874; Sun Fun and Fighting, 6874; Sun, d.l. Waldo, Fla., June 2, 1898.

44. RR RR.35.

45. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 49. The exact point was Ybor City. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 49. The exact point was Ybor City. RR RR.36.

46. Prentice, "The RRs," 272; Mor.834; Davis, Prentice, "The RRs," 272; Mor.834; Davis, Campaigns, 46 Campaigns, 46.

47. Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 50, mentions a pleasant breeze on June 2, tempering the 90-degree heat. Davis, Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 50, mentions a pleasant breeze on June 2, tempering the 90-degree heat. Davis, Campaigns, 46 Campaigns, 46 and and passim; RR passim; RR.37; Mil.241; Azo.38; Brown, Charles H., The Correspondents' War The Correspondents' War (NY, 1967) 206 ff; pics in TRB and TRC. (NY, 1967) 206 ff; pics in TRB and TRC.

48. Davis, Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 50.

49. RR RR.37.

50. Mor.835. Mor.835.

51. Cosmas, Cosmas, An Army An Army, 193. According to Shafter's chief commissary, the General "couldn't walk two miles in an hour, just beastly obese." Qu. ib.

52. Mor.849. Cosmas, Mor.849. Cosmas, An Army An Army, 1934, in the most balanced opinion of Shafter, points out that the General was a distinguished career soldier, a recipient of the Medal of Honor, and a man whose mental quickness belied his bulk. However "his worst failing as a commander...was a lack of experience in organizing and maneuvering large formations. Never, before taking command at Tampa, had he directed so many men-25,000 infantry, cavalry and artillery-in an independent campaign."

53. Ib., 1039, 124. Ib., 1039, 124.

54. Azo.35; Brown, Azo.35; Brown, Correspondents' War Correspondents' War, 202; full details in Cosmas, An Army An Army, 1235.

55. Ib., 129; Azo.545. Ib., 129; Azo.545.

56. Mil.245; TR.War.Di., June 5, 1898. Mil.245; TR.War.Di., June 5, 1898.

57. See Gen. Miles, qu. Mil.245; also Cosmas, See Gen. Miles, qu. Mil.245; also Cosmas, An Army An Army, 1956. Mor.834; Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 83.

58. Ib., 823 is the basis of this description, supplemented by details from Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," Ib., 823 is the basis of this description, supplemented by details from Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," passim passim. According to TR in Mor.834, the foreign attaches expressed "great wonder" at the performance and training of the Rough Riders. Generals Miles and Wheeler also reviewed the regiment at this time "and unhesitatingly said it is the finest volunteer regiment they ever saw...never had they known a regiment, either regular or volunteer, to have learned so much in one month's service...." Santa Fe (N.M.) correspondent, qu. Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 534.

59. Mor.835; Mor.835; RR RR.37; Cosmas, An Army An Army, 196. At first TR was under the impression that the horses would be sent on afterward, but this soon proved to be a hollow expectation.

60. RR RR.37; Mor.836. C, H, I, and M Troops stayed behind.

61. Azo.57. Azo.57.

62. Her.239; Azo.58, 57; see also Mil.246. Her.239; Azo.58, 57; see also Mil.246.

63. RR RR.389; Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 5960.

64. Ib., 60; Frank Brito, qu. Walker, Dale, "The Last of the Rough Riders," Ib., 60; Frank Brito, qu. Walker, Dale, "The Last of the Rough Riders," Montana Montana, XII.3 (July 1973) 44; Baltimore Sun Baltimore Sun, June 11, 1898.

65. RR RR.3940. See also Mor.841; Azo. 60; Cosmas, An Army An Army, 1956 for details of the administrative foul-up.

66. Smith, Albert E., Smith, Albert E., Two Reels and a Crank Two Reels and a Crank (NY, 1952) 57. Elsewhere Smith speaks of "the camera's hypnotic effect on Mr. Roosevelt." If Smith is to be believed, TR even halted on the advance to San Juan to pose for a final, heroic newsreel sequence. "It was not until then that we began to appreciate the full scope of his perception in the field of public relations." Ib., 148. (NY, 1952) 57. Elsewhere Smith speaks of "the camera's hypnotic effect on Mr. Roosevelt." If Smith is to be believed, TR even halted on the advance to San Juan to pose for a final, heroic newsreel sequence. "It was not until then that we began to appreciate the full scope of his perception in the field of public relations." Ib., 148.

67. See Azo.63 for breakdown of total force. Brown, See Azo.63 for breakdown of total force. Brown, Correspondents' War Correspondents' War, 274. See also Mil.246: "It is a testimonial to General Shafter's understanding of his men that orders which in almost any other army in the world would have spelled a disaster ended up with a brilliant success." Brown, Correspondents' War Correspondents' War, 276; Mil.248.

68. Azo.61. Azo.61.

69. Ib., 623; TR.War.Di. June 814, 1898; Mor.83643, Ib., 623; TR.War.Di. June 814, 1898; Mor.83643, passim; RR passim; RR.402.

70. Walker, "Rough Riders," 44; Azo.623. Walker, "Rough Riders," 44; Azo.623.

71. RR RR.14.

72. Azo.63; Davis, Azo.63; Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 86; RR RR.42; McIntosh, Burr, The Little I Saw of Cuba The Little I Saw of Cuba (NY, 1898), 445. The (NY, 1898), 445. The Yucatan Yucatan approached Egmont Keys about sunset on May 13, narrowly avoiding a collision with the approached Egmont Keys about sunset on May 13, narrowly avoiding a collision with the Matteawan Matteawan on the way. McIntosh, a on the way. McIntosh, a Leslie's Leslie's photographer, captured the incident on film, and left an interesting footnote to history: "Had the vessel not been brought to a halt the instant she was, it is highly probable that there would have been no Rough Rider deeds to record in Cuba...Thirty-five hundred pounds of dynamite, which was later to be associated with the dynamite gun, rested in her bow." The final distance separating the two ships was a mere three feet. Ib., 3844. photographer, captured the incident on film, and left an interesting footnote to history: "Had the vessel not been brought to a halt the instant she was, it is highly probable that there would have been no Rough Rider deeds to record in Cuba...Thirty-five hundred pounds of dynamite, which was later to be associated with the dynamite gun, rested in her bow." The final distance separating the two ships was a mere three feet. Ib., 3844.

25: THE W WOLF R RISING IN THE H HEART.

Important sources not in Bibliography: 1. Davis, Richard Harding, 1. Davis, Richard Harding, The Cuban and Porto Rican Campaigns The Cuban and Porto Rican Campaigns (Scribner's, 1898). 2. McIntosh, Burr, (Scribner's, 1898). 2. McIntosh, Burr, The Little I Saw of Cuba The Little I Saw of Cuba (NY, 1898). 3. Marshall, Edward, (NY, 1898). 3. Marshall, Edward, The Story of the Rough Riders The Story of the Rough Riders (NY, 1899). (NY, 1899).

1. Mor.843; TR.Wks.I.43. Ib. contains the text of Mor.843; TR.Wks.I.43. Ib. contains the text of The Rough Riders The Rough Riders, and is henceforth cited as RR RR. The former source, written on the morning of June 15, 1898, makes it plain that the thoughts expressed in the latter are those of the night of June 14. Morison, incidentally, errs in identifying TR's addressee as Corinne Roosevelt Robinson. Actually he was writing to his wife. EKR later copied out the letters, minus personal paragraphs, for circulation among members of the family. Original copies in TRB.

2. Mor.843; also Mor.843; also RR RR. 12, 27, 445.

3. Ib., 45. Ib., 45.

4. Descriptions of the voyage to Cuba are given in Mor.8434; Descriptions of the voyage to Cuba are given in Mor.8434; RR.42.-6; RR.42.-6; Hag.LW.I.160; Davis, Hag.LW.I.160; Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 8998; Mil.2558; Azo.648; Ranson, E., "British Military and Naval Observers in the Spanish-American War," Journal of American Studies Journal of American Studies (GB) 3.1 (July 1969). Following three paragraphs based on these sources. (GB) 3.1 (July 1969). Following three paragraphs based on these sources.

5. Ranson, "British Observers," 40. "At night the fleet was as conspicuous as Brooklyn or New York, with the lights of the bridge included." Davis, Ranson, "British Observers," 40. "At night the fleet was as conspicuous as Brooklyn or New York, with the lights of the bridge included." Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 901.

6. Ib., 901; Ib., 901; RR RR.43.

7. Cosby, Arthur S., "A Roosevelt Rough Rider Looks Back," unpublished ms., 1957, TRC, 64; Ranson, "British Observers," 38; Cosby, Arthur S., "A Roosevelt Rough Rider Looks Back," unpublished ms., 1957, TRC, 64; Ranson, "British Observers," 38; RR RR.46; Azo.60.

8. The mountains were the Sierra Maestra range. Hag.LW.I.160; Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 74. The mountains were the Sierra Maestra range. Hag.LW.I.160; Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 74.

9. Same two sources. Same two sources.

10. Azo. 69; Davis, Azo. 69; Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 102; ib., 102112.

11. Jones, Virgil Carrington, Jones, Virgil Carrington, Roosevelt's Rough Riders Roosevelt's Rough Riders (Doubleday, 1971) 86; war picture-books in TRC. The superlative in praise of Cuba's beauty of course no longer applies. (Doubleday, 1971) 86; war picture-books in TRC. The superlative in praise of Cuba's beauty of course no longer applies.

12. Davis, Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 108.

13. The hut was at Asserraderos, twenty miles east of Santiago. The hut was at Asserraderos, twenty miles east of Santiago.

14. Battle orders, qu. Davis, Battle orders, qu. Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 113. Azo.68; Mil.2602.

15. Azo.68. Azo.68.

16. Jones, Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 92.

17. Azo.72. Azo.72.

18. Mil.262. Mil.262.

19. Jones, Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 92100; McIntosh, Cuba Cuba, 56; Azo.73.

20. McIntosh, McIntosh, Cuba Cuba, 57; Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 1157; Azo.73; Mil.265; Jones, Rough Riders Rough Riders, 100.

21. Davis, Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 1179; Azo.73; Jones, Rough Riders, 656 Rough Riders, 656.

22. Stephen Bonsal, Stephen Bonsal, N.Y. Herald N.Y. Herald correspondent, qu. Brown, Charles H., correspondent, qu. Brown, Charles H., The Correspondents' War The Correspondents' War (NY, 1967) 307. (NY, 1967) 307.

23. Smith, Albert, Smith, Albert, Two Reels and a Crank Two Reels and a Crank (NY, 1952) 57. (NY, 1952) 57.

24. Mil.267; Mil.267; RR RR.46.

25. Pri.1845. Just to make sure, TR took twelve extra pairs of spectacles to Cuba. Pri.1845. Just to make sure, TR took twelve extra pairs of spectacles to Cuba.

26. Ranson, Ranson, British Observers British Observers, 42; Cosby, "A RRR Looks Back," 77; McIntosh, Cuba Cuba, 64; Prentice, Lt. Royal A., "The Rough Riders," New Mexico Historical Review New Mexico Historical Review, 264 (Oct. 1951) and 27.1 (Jan. 1952) 30.

27. Azo.82, 31. Azo.82, 31.

28. Ib.; Pri.189. Ib.; Pri.189.

29. RR RR.50.

30. Azo.789; Mil.270. The details of Wheeler's advance to the front are rather confused. Mil.270 has him riding to Siboney at the head of the entire Cavalry Division on the afternoon of June 2. Azo.79 accepts this account. But Davis, Azo.789; Mil.270. The details of Wheeler's advance to the front are rather confused. Mil.270 has him riding to Siboney at the head of the entire Cavalry Division on the afternoon of June 2. Azo.79 accepts this account. But Davis, Campaigns Campaigns, 136 specifically states that the General reconnoitred the country beyond Siboney that afternoon, and had a plan for the next day's maneuvers worked out by the time Wood and TR arrived. Marshall, who took part in the march from Siboney, confirms (Story (Story, 83). TR, in RR RR.50, says that the 1st and 10th Cavalry left Daiquiri before the Rough Riders; it therefore seems that Wheeler must have left with those regiments, much earlier in the day.