46. Ib., May 10. Ib., May 10.

47. Undated, mutilated letter from TR to B, probably early May 1891; another, probably late June. Undated, mutilated letter from TR to B, probably early May 1891; another, probably late June.

48. TR to B, June 7, 1891; Las.367. TR to B, June 7, 1891; Las.367.

49. TR to B, June 14, 1891. TR to B, June 14, 1891.

50. TR to E, June 24, 1891. TR to E, June 24, 1891.

51. The letter has not survived, but its contents can be inferred from references in subsequent letters from TR to B and E. The letter has not survived, but its contents can be inferred from references in subsequent letters from TR to B and E.

52. TR to B, n.d., probably late June 1891. TR to B, n.d., probably late June 1891.

53. See TR to B, June 17, 1891; also July 12. See TR to B, June 17, 1891; also July 12.

54. Ib., June 20, 1891; June 17; later letters, Ib., June 20, 1891; June 17; later letters, passim passim.

55. Ib., June 17, 1891. Ib., June 17, 1891.

56. He was currently spending at the rate of $1,500 a month, or $18,000 a year, against an estimated $15,000 in income. Las.34 and 21. He was currently spending at the rate of $1,500 a month, or $18,000 a year, against an estimated $15,000 in income. Las.34 and 21.

57. TR to E, June 14, 1891. The uncle was James K. Gracie, husband of Aunt Annie. TR to E, June 14, 1891. The uncle was James K. Gracie, husband of Aunt Annie.

58. TR to B, June 20 and July 2, 1891. TR to B, June 20 and July 2, 1891.

59. Ib., July 12 and 2, 1891. Hall Roosevelt drank himself to death in 1941 at the age of fifty. Ib., July 12 and 2, 1891. Hall Roosevelt drank himself to death in 1941 at the age of fifty.

60. Ib., July 2, 1891. Ib., July 2, 1891.

61. Goldman, Goldman, Bonaparte Bonaparte, 25; Mor.255. HCL was now in his third term at Congress, and was one of the most influential members of the House. Sto.183 and Gar. passim passim.

62. TR to HCL, July 1, 1891 (edited version in Mor.256). TR to HCL, July 1, 1891 (edited version in Mor.256).

63. TR to B, July 8, 1891. TR to B, July 8, 1891.

64. Ib. Ib.

65. TR to B, July 8, 21, 12, 1891. Apparently TR also went to look at the baby, with Douglas Robinson, on July 13. TR to B, July 8, 21, 12, 1891. Apparently TR also went to look at the baby, with Douglas Robinson, on July 13.

66. Ib., July 12, 1891. How B managed to get E shut up is unclear. He seems to have consented at first (ib.), but afterwards claimed he had been "kidnapped." (Las.37.) Ib., July 12, 1891. How B managed to get E shut up is unclear. He seems to have consented at first (ib.), but afterwards claimed he had been "kidnapped." (Las.37.) 67. TRB mss. TRB mss.

Postscript: In a letter prompted by the first edition of this biography, Katy Mann's granddaughter reported that Katy never married. She took no pains to conceal the parentage of her son, who was named Elliott Roosevelt Mann. Money left in trust for the child by Elliott Senior apparently never reached the family, which has remained bitter for generations. Eleanor Mann Biles to author, July 6, 1981. In a letter prompted by the first edition of this biography, Katy Mann's granddaughter reported that Katy never married. She took no pains to conceal the parentage of her son, who was named Elliott Roosevelt Mann. Money left in trust for the child by Elliott Senior apparently never reached the family, which has remained bitter for generations. Eleanor Mann Biles to author, July 6, 1981.

68. C.S. Chronicle C.S. Chronicle, May 1892; W. Post W. Post, Sep. 2, 1891 (Wanamaker was on vacation).

69. See, e.g., See, e.g., N.Y. Tribune N.Y. Tribune and and Times Times, Aug. 17, 1891. Sample editorial quote, from N.Y. Evening Post N.Y. Evening Post, same date: "All that he says is true, and furnishes the most startling picture yet presented to the President of the fruits of his policy in violating his Civil Service Reform pledges."

70. W. Post W. Post, Sep. 1, 1891; Mor.259.

71. Sun Sun, Aug. 17, 1891; see also N.Y.T., World, Trib. N.Y.T., World, Trib., same date.

72. TR to Douglas Robinson, Aug. 6, 1891; TR to B, Aug. 22. TR to Douglas Robinson, Aug. 6, 1891; TR to B, Aug. 22.

73. At the time of writing, December 1977, Ethel Roosevelt Derby has just died at Oyster Bay. At the time of writing, December 1977, Ethel Roosevelt Derby has just died at Oyster Bay.

74. TR to B, Sep. 1, 1891. TR to B, Sep. 1, 1891.

75. Mor.261. Cut.58 says that the excessive butchery of this trip was to prove an embarrassment to TR in later years. It was, nevertheless, the only recorded instance of the mature TR breaking his own controlled-hunting rules. "The horror about poor Elliott" may have had something to do with it. As can be seen in a passage deleted from his letter to HCL of Oct. 10, 1891 (LOD.), the worry was still very much with him when he returned to Washington. Mor.261. Cut.58 says that the excessive butchery of this trip was to prove an embarrassment to TR in later years. It was, nevertheless, the only recorded instance of the mature TR breaking his own controlled-hunting rules. "The horror about poor Elliott" may have had something to do with it. As can be seen in a passage deleted from his letter to HCL of Oct. 10, 1891 (LOD.), the worry was still very much with him when he returned to Washington.

76. N.Y. T. N.Y. T., Nov. 29, 1891; W. Post W. Post, Sep. 2, 1891.

77. N.Y. T. N.Y. T., Nov. 29, 1891.

78. W. Post W. Post, Sep. 2, 1891.

79. Foulke, William D., Foulke, William D., Fighting the Spoilsmen Fighting the Spoilsmen (Putnam, 1919) 256. (Putnam, 1919) 256.

80. TR to B, Oct. 28, 1891; Goldman, TR to B, Oct. 28, 1891; Goldman, Bonaparte Bonaparte, 26; Mor.2656 (the reports turned out to be false); ib., 258; Williams, "TR, CSC," 85.

81. EKR to TR, EKR to TR, passim passim (Derby mss.); Hay to Adams, Jan. 6, 1892, ADA. (Derby mss.); Hay to Adams, Jan. 6, 1892, ADA.

82. Las.38; TR to B, Las.38; TR to B, passim; N.Y. Herald passim; N.Y. Herald, Aug. 22, 1891.

83. TR to B, Sep. 1, 1891. TR to B, Sep. 1, 1891.

84. TR to B, Nov. 27 and Dec. 13, 1891. TR to B, Nov. 27 and Dec. 13, 1891.

85. Ib., Dec. 22, Jan. 3, 1892. Ib., Dec. 22, Jan. 3, 1892.

86. E (age 15) to TR Sr., Mar. 6, 1875, qu. Las.7. E (age 15) to TR Sr., Mar. 6, 1875, qu. Las.7.

87. E's sporting notes (1873), TRC. E's sporting notes (1873), TRC.

88. TR to B, Jan. 21, 1892. TR to B, Jan. 21, 1892.

89. Las.3839; TR to B, Feb. 13, 1892. Las.3839; TR to B, Feb. 13, 1892.

90. Author's surmise, based on TR's letter announcing departure plans, Jan. 21, 1892. Author's surmise, based on TR's letter announcing departure plans, Jan. 21, 1892.

91. Fragment in Anna Hall Roosevelt papers, FDR. Fragment in Anna Hall Roosevelt papers, FDR.

92. The exact dates of TR's trip to Paris have long been uncertain, due to an extraordinary combination of misdatings in the surviving correspondence. For example, his letter to B announcing the trip is dated "January 3, 1891" in the TRB typed transcripts, and his next letter to her from Paris, quoted above, is dated "June 21st 1891." To make matters more complicated, his letter to Spring-Rice, beginning "When I was in Paris," is dated in Mor.270 as "Jan. 25, 1892." The correct dates should be, consecutively, Jan. 3, Jan. 21, and Feb. 25, 1892. Recently discovered letters of EKR to her mother, Gertrude Tyler Carow, confirm that TR left New York on Jan. 9, and arrived back home on Feb. 7, 1892. TRC. The exact dates of TR's trip to Paris have long been uncertain, due to an extraordinary combination of misdatings in the surviving correspondence. For example, his letter to B announcing the trip is dated "January 3, 1891" in the TRB typed transcripts, and his next letter to her from Paris, quoted above, is dated "June 21st 1891." To make matters more complicated, his letter to Spring-Rice, beginning "When I was in Paris," is dated in Mor.270 as "Jan. 25, 1892." The correct dates should be, consecutively, Jan. 3, Jan. 21, and Feb. 25, 1892. Recently discovered letters of EKR to her mother, Gertrude Tyler Carow, confirm that TR left New York on Jan. 9, and arrived back home on Feb. 7, 1892. TRC.

93. See Mor.270. See Mor.270.

94. House Report 2 House Report 2, 13. See also TR to Bonaparte, Jan. 4, 1892: "My devoted friend, Mr. Wanamaker, has not dared to have published the report of his inspectors."

95. Before giving vent to this imprecation, he checked to see there were no reporters in the room. Before giving vent to this imprecation, he checked to see there were no reporters in the room.

96. George Haven Putnam in Century Association, George Haven Putnam in Century Association, TR Memorial Addresses TR Memorial Addresses, (NY, 1919) 403; also in Putnam, Memories of a Publisher Memories of a Publisher (NY, 1915) 1412. Putnam does not give the date, but since the incident obviously occurred in the period preceding the House Investigation, March 8 seems most likely. TR paid a visit to NY on that date, arriving in the evening, as Putnam remembers. He remained in NY on Mar. 9 and 10, but was otherwise engaged on those nights. (TR to B, (NY, 1915) 1412. Putnam does not give the date, but since the incident obviously occurred in the period preceding the House Investigation, March 8 seems most likely. TR paid a visit to NY on that date, arriving in the evening, as Putnam remembers. He remained in NY on Mar. 9 and 10, but was otherwise engaged on those nights. (TR to B, passim.) passim.) 97. Las.39; TR to B, Feb. 13, 1892. Las.39; TR to B, Feb. 13, 1892.

98. See "A Peccary-Hunt on the Nueces," TR.Wks. 27584. One of TR's best pieces, full of visual and auditory details. Note how few lines are devoted to the actual chase, the rest being taken up with zoological observations and some beautiful nature-writing. See "A Peccary-Hunt on the Nueces," TR.Wks. 27584. One of TR's best pieces, full of visual and auditory details. Note how few lines are devoted to the actual chase, the rest being taken up with zoological observations and some beautiful nature-writing.

99. House Report 2 House Report 2, 1; Putnam in Memorial Addresses Memorial Addresses, 43.

100. House Report 2 House Report 2, 12.

101. Ib., 2. Ib., 2.

102. Ib., 5, 7, 9 Ib., 5, 7, 9 103. Ib., 25; Ib., 25; W. Post W. Post, May 3, 1892.

104. House Report 2 House Report 2, 256.

105. See ib., 2536, 27, 36 See ib., 2536, 27, 36 106. W. Post W. Post, May 3, 1892.

107. House Report 2, 60; N.Y.T. House Report 2, 60; N.Y.T., May 26, 1892; Mor.2812; Sun Sun, May 13.

108. See Mor.2812 for complete text. TR sent a copy of this letter to BH, "with the utmost confidence that you will recognize the propriety of my action." See Mor.2812 for complete text. TR sent a copy of this letter to BH, "with the utmost confidence that you will recognize the propriety of my action."

109. House Report 2 House Report 2, 59; W. Post W. Post, May 26, 1892.

110. House Report 2 House Report 2, 60, 63.

111. N.Y.T. N.Y.T., May 26, 1892. See TR.Scr. for more reactions, and Bis.II.489; House Report 2 House Report 2, iiiv.

112. W. Post W. Post Extra Edition, June 23, 1892. Extra Edition, June 23, 1892.

113. BH won on the first ballot, due largely to the support of thousands of his own appointees. Foulke, BH won on the first ballot, due largely to the support of thousands of his own appointees. Foulke, Spoilsmen Spoilsmen, 312.

114. Sageser, "Two Decades" (cited in Ch. 16, n. 2) 150 and Sageser, "Two Decades" (cited in Ch. 16, n. 2) 150 and passim passim confirms that publicity was the CSC's main weapon during the Harrison Administration. confirms that publicity was the CSC's main weapon during the Harrison Administration. Sun Sun, qu. Foulke, Spoilsmen Spoilsmen, 32. As Har.78 points out, in matters other than Civil Service Reform, Wanamaker's was the most distinguished Postmaster Generalship since the Civil War. The man was an imaginative innovator, and "a near administration genius." (Ib.) He has suffered much from TR's shrewd attacks upon him, even allowing for the fact that right was on the younger man's side. Today Wanamaker's handling of the Baltimore affair would be construed as obstruction of justice. It is interesting to note that he, at least in later life, bore TR no ill-will. He tried once to analyze the latter's "masterful greatness," and wrote that its secret lay "in the fact that no insincerity lurked behind his ever-welcoming smile." Qu. Appel, J. H., A Business Biography of John Wanamaker A Business Biography of John Wanamaker (NY, 1930) 255. (NY, 1930) 255.

115. See Mor.293; TR.Wks.XIV.141. See Mor.293; TR.Wks.XIV.141.

116. Mor.2757. Mor.2757.

117. Ib., 277, 290; Lod.122. For a description of TR the polo player, see Ib., 277, 290; Lod.122. For a description of TR the polo player, see Harper's Weekly Harper's Weekly, July 20, 1892.

118. Mor.289; TR to B, Aug. 11, 1892. Mor.289; TR to B, Aug. 11, 1892.

119. See Mor.3.54763 for an account of the exquisite dialogue between Jones and Ferris. Their "lunatic story" became one of TR's favorite after-dinner recitations. John Hay was so charmed by this and other Rooseveltian stories of the Old West that he begged him to commit it to paper. The result was a 9,000-word letter which, along with two other classic examples of TR the raconteur, have been separately published under the title See Mor.3.54763 for an account of the exquisite dialogue between Jones and Ferris. Their "lunatic story" became one of TR's favorite after-dinner recitations. John Hay was so charmed by this and other Rooseveltian stories of the Old West that he begged him to commit it to paper. The result was a 9,000-word letter which, along with two other classic examples of TR the raconteur, have been separately published under the title Cowboys and Kings Cowboys and Kings (Harvard U. Press, 1954). (Harvard U. Press, 1954).

120. Mor.290; ib., 3.553. The sheriff's name was Seth Bullock. He later became one of the more exotic members of TR's "Tennis Cabinet." Mor.290; ib., 3.553. The sheriff's name was Seth Bullock. He later became one of the more exotic members of TR's "Tennis Cabinet."

121. Williams, "TR, CSC," 51. Williams, "TR, CSC," 51.

122. Un. clip, Sep. 15, 1892, TR.Scr. See also Herbert Welsh, Un. clip, Sep. 15, 1892, TR.Scr. See also Herbert Welsh, Civilization Among the Sioux Indians Civilization Among the Sioux Indians (Philadelphia Office of the Indian Rights Association, 1893) 47. (Philadelphia Office of the Indian Rights Association, 1893) 47.

123. USCSC, USCSC, 11th Report 11th Report, 1645.

124. The text of this magnificent speech is in TR.Wks.XIV.15668. See also Hagan, William T., "Civil Service Commissioner Theodore Roosevelt and the Indian Rights Association," The text of this magnificent speech is in TR.Wks.XIV.15668. See also Hagan, William T., "Civil Service Commissioner Theodore Roosevelt and the Indian Rights Association," Pacific Historical Review Pacific Historical Review, 44.2 (May 1975) 187 ff. Hagan protests that TR's contribution to the improvement of the Indian Service as CSC "has been ignored too long." He shows how TR acted in concert with Herbert Welsh, of the I.R. Association, to root out injustice and corruption on the reservations, and offer more government employment to Indians. Later Welsh recommended TR to President McKinley as Commissioner of Indian Affairs. "His hold upon the public, his knowledge of the subject, would make him, perhaps, the most valuable man in the country." As a result of his CSC work, TR was "the best-informed man on Indian affairs to occupy the White House since the Civil War." Ib., 199200.

125. Sto.179. Sto.179.

126. Mor.295. Mor.295.

127. Gar.129ff.; see, e.g., the Gar.129ff.; see, e.g., the Charleston News & Courier Charleston News & Courier, qu. N.Y.T. N.Y.T., Nov. 27, 1892.

128. Foulke, Foulke, Spoilsmen Spoilsmen, 24.

129. Ib., 33. Ib., 33.

130. Las.44. Las.44.

131. See Foraker, Julia, See Foraker, Julia, I Would Live It Again I Would Live It Again (Harpers, 1932) 188. (Harpers, 1932) 188.

132. See Gar.150. See Gar.150.

133. Foraker, Foraker, Again Again, 188.

134. Mor.304. Mor.304.

135. See Carl Schurz to TR, Jan. 4, 1893, qu. Bis.I.52; Pri.131; Har.79; Mrs. Bellamy Storer in See Carl Schurz to TR, Jan. 4, 1893, qu. Bis.I.52; Pri.131; Har.79; Mrs. Bellamy Storer in Harper's Weekly Harper's Weekly, June 1, 1912.

18: THE U UNIVERSE S SPINNER.

1. Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, May 2, 1893. The following description of the opening of the World's Fair is taken largely from this newspaper, supplemented by the World World and and Sun Sun of the same date; Northrup, H. D., of the same date; Northrup, H. D., The World's Fair as Seen in a Hundred Days The World's Fair as Seen in a Hundred Days (Philadelphia, 1893) and Rand McNally's (Philadelphia, 1893) and Rand McNally's The World's Columbian Exposition Reproduced The World's Columbian Exposition Reproduced (Chicago, 1894). (Chicago, 1894).

2. Nineteenth-century Americans unhesitatingly accepted the Discoverer as Spanish, just as today he is generally believed to have been an Italian. For what appears to be the last word on the subject, see Morison, Samuel Eliot, Nineteenth-century Americans unhesitatingly accepted the Discoverer as Spanish, just as today he is generally believed to have been an Italian. For what appears to be the last word on the subject, see Morison, Samuel Eliot, The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages (NY, 1974) 68. (NY, 1974) 68.

3. TR to B, Apr. 26, 1893. TR to B, Apr. 26, 1893.

4. Wis.36. Wis.36.

5. Adams, Henry, Adams, Henry, The Education of Henry Adams The Education of Henry Adams (Houghton Mifflin, 1974) 340. (Houghton Mifflin, 1974) 340.

6. Mor.320. Mor.320.

7. Adams, Adams, Education Education, 343.

8. Mor.317. TR had recently been retained by Cleveland as Civil Service Commissioner, after handing in his formal resignation at the beginning of the new Administration. Although he explained the act was prompted by his desire "to relieve the President any embarrassment and...to get back to his books," he did not need much persuading to stay. See Mor.317. TR had recently been retained by Cleveland as Civil Service Commissioner, after handing in his formal resignation at the beginning of the new Administration. Although he explained the act was prompted by his desire "to relieve the President any embarrassment and...to get back to his books," he did not need much persuading to stay. See New York Times New York Times, May 4, 1893, and Mor.314.

9. Morley in 1903, qu. TRB mss. Morley in 1903, qu. TRB mss.

10. TR.Wks.VII.3. TR.Wks.VII.3.

11. Ib., 3, 7. Ib., 3, 7.

12. Ib., 111. Ib., 111.