105. McCall, McCall, Reed Reed, 1478; Gar.109; Butler, Years Years, 2978; Gwy.105.

106. Tha.55; Den.119. See J. B. Moore to Tyler Dennett, Nov. 18, 1929, Tyler Dennett Papers, LC, on the "distinctly effeminate" interdependence of Hay and Adams. Tha.55; Den.119. See J. B. Moore to Tyler Dennett, Nov. 18, 1929, Tyler Dennett Papers, LC, on the "distinctly effeminate" interdependence of Hay and Adams.

107. Hay, John, with John G. Nicolay, Hay, John, with John G. Nicolay, Abraham Lincoln: A History Abraham Lincoln: A History, 10 vols., 1890; Adams, Henry, History of the United States from 1801 to 1817 History of the United States from 1801 to 1817, 9 vols., 188991.

108. "Good luck," he wrote toward the end of his life, "has pursued me like my own shadow."-to Henry Adams, July 14, 1901. "Good luck," he wrote toward the end of his life, "has pursued me like my own shadow."-to Henry Adams, July 14, 1901.

109. Qu. Samuels, Ernest, Qu. Samuels, Ernest, Henry Adams Henry Adams (Harvard, 195864) II.262. (Harvard, 195864) II.262.

110. Ib., 3.32. Ib., 3.32.

111. Mor.6.1490. Mor.6.1490.

112. TR to HCL, Feb. 15, 1887 (LOD.). TR to HCL, Feb. 15, 1887 (LOD.).

113. Mor.6.1490. Mor.6.1490.

114. This portrait, and that of Hay above, is the author's own, based on his reading of the private and published words of Adams, Hay, and TR, as well as their respective biographies. This portrait, and that of Hay above, is the author's own, based on his reading of the private and published words of Adams, Hay, and TR, as well as their respective biographies.

115. Adams, Adams, Education Education, 417.

116. Ada.350. Ada.350.

117. Adams's wife, a precociously intelligent woman with manic-depressive tendencies, had committed suicide in December 1885. See Samuels, Adams's wife, a precociously intelligent woman with manic-depressive tendencies, had committed suicide in December 1885. See Samuels, Adams Adams, II.270276.

118. Samuels, Samuels, Adams Adams, III passim; passim; Cater, Harold, ed., Cater, Harold, ed., Henry Adams and His Friends Henry Adams and His Friends (Houghton Mifflin, 1947) intro., (Houghton Mifflin, 1947) intro., passim; passim; Gwy. Gwy. passim passim. See also Lacey, Michael J., "The Mysteries of Earth-Making Dissolve: A Study of Washington's Intellectual Community and the Origins of American Environmentalism in the Late Nineteenth Century," Ph.D. diss., George Washington University, 1979.

119. Adams actually asked TR to live rent-free in his house with him in 1889, and was rather put out when the Commissioner declined to do so. See also Samuels, Adams, II.414; Cha.195. Adams actually asked TR to live rent-free in his house with him in 1889, and was rather put out when the Commissioner declined to do so. See also Samuels, Adams, II.414; Cha.195.

120. At the White House, E. W. Halford, the President's secretary, thoughtlessly introduced TR to one of the leading Republican spoilsmen. A violent quarrel ensued, and would have led to fisticuffs had Halford not intervened. Halford in "R's Introduction to Washington," At the White House, E. W. Halford, the President's secretary, thoughtlessly introduced TR to one of the leading Republican spoilsmen. A violent quarrel ensued, and would have led to fisticuffs had Halford not intervened. Halford in "R's Introduction to Washington," Leslie's Magazine Leslie's Magazine, Mar. 1, 1919.

121. Mor.210. Mor.210.

122. Williams, Cleveland, "TR, Civil Service Commissioner," U. Chicago dissertation, June 1955, 86. Williams, Cleveland, "TR, Civil Service Commissioner," U. Chicago dissertation, June 1955, 86.

123. W. Post W. Post, Jan. 21, 1890.

124. Ib. Ib.

125. House Report 1 House Report 1, 2. Other details covering the hearing are taken from Washington papers covering the proceedings, mainly Post Post and and Star Star.

126. W. Post W. Post, Feb. 27, 1890.

127. House Report 1 House Report 1, 150.

128. W. Post W. Post, Mar. 1, 1890; House Report 1 House Report 1, 153, 191. Dr. Shidy was hurriedly fired by the Census Bureau.

129. W. Post W. Post, Mar. 1, 1890.

130. House Report 1 House Report 1, 163.

131. Ib., 1645. Ib., 1645.

132. Ib., 1656; 16871. Ib., 1656; 16871.

133. Ib., 1745. Ib., 1745.

134. See Wag. 1489, 2037. See Wag. 1489, 2037.

135. House Report 1 House Report 1, 177.

136. Ib., 178. Ib., 178.

137. Ib., 17980. Ib., 17980.

138. Ib., 313. Ib., 313.

139. Williams, "TR, CSC," 87. The Committee, nevertheless, went ahead with its recommendation; but the House did not agree. White, Williams, "TR, CSC," 87. The Committee, nevertheless, went ahead with its recommendation; but the House did not agree. White, Republican Era Republican Era, 326.

140. TR (1912) qu. Sto.7. TR (1912) qu. Sto.7.

141. Statement by J. J. Leary in TRB mss. There is another version of this anecdote (which Greenhalge confirmed) in Halloran, Statement by J. J. Leary in TRB mss. There is another version of this anecdote (which Greenhalge confirmed) in Halloran, Romance Romance, 85. The latter, however, appears to misdate it as 1891. Greenhalge must surely have made the remark in 1890, around the time he was personally encountering TR at the hearings. TR's political stock was high then; as will be seen, it fell precipitately in 1891.

142. Mor.220. Mor.220.

143. W. Post W. Post, May 6, 1890. It may have been the morning after this editorial that TR was seen pacing up and down outside the Post Office building, waiting for Hatton to show up. "I want to punch his head." Dun.I.19.

144. Mor. 215; 211. TR's "The Merit System versus the Patronage System" Mor. 215; 211. TR's "The Merit System versus the Patronage System" (Century (Century, Feb. 1890) may be taken as his definitive statement on Civil Service Reform. It is reprinted in TR.Wks.XIV. 99 ff.

145. Mor.221. TR knew Mahan slightly, having met him in 1887. Their relationship, which was to develop apace during the 1890s, will be analyzed in Ch. 22. Mor.221. TR knew Mahan slightly, having met him in 1887. Their relationship, which was to develop apace during the 1890s, will be analyzed in Ch. 22.

146. See Chs. 22 and 23; also O'Gara, Gordon Carpenter, See Chs. 22 and 23; also O'Gara, Gordon Carpenter, TR and the Rise of the Modern Navy TR and the Rise of the Modern Navy (Princeton U. Press, 1969) for TR's Presidential naval policies. (Princeton U. Press, 1969) for TR's Presidential naval policies.

147. House Report 1 House Report 1, v. Sageser, "Two Decades," 146, says that Lyman was censured unjustly. The facts of the case indicate otherwise.

148. See ib., 146 for an analysis of the media blitz following the committee's report. See ib., 146 for an analysis of the media blitz following the committee's report.

149. Ib.; Ib.; N.Y. Saturday Globe N.Y. Saturday Globe, Mar. 8, 1890.

150. Gwy.106. Gwy.106.

151. Mor.229, 230; Cut.72. Mor.229, 230; Cut.72.

152. COW; Mor.233. Edith Roosevelt had just turned 29. COW; Mor.233. Edith Roosevelt had just turned 29.

153. Mor.234; Sullivan, Mark, Mor.234; Sullivan, Mark, The Education of an American The Education of an American (Doubleday, 1938), 27274; TR to HCL, Oct. 4, 1890 (LOD.). (Doubleday, 1938), 27274; TR to HCL, Oct. 4, 1890 (LOD.).

154. Sto.215. The majority was 255 to 88. Sto.215. The majority was 255 to 88.

155. Mor.236; Mor.236; Boston Evening Transcript Boston Evening Transcript, Oct. 30, 1890.

156. TR to B, Dec. 26, 1890. TR to B, Dec. 26, 1890.

157. Cha.195. Cha.195.

17: THE D DEAR O OLD B BELOVED B BROTHER.

Important sources not listed in Bibliography: 1. 1. Report of Commissioner Roosevelt concerning Political Assessments and the use of Official Influence Report of Commissioner Roosevelt concerning Political Assessments and the use of Official Influence to Control Elections in the Federal Offices at Baltimore, Md to Control Elections in the Federal Offices at Baltimore, Md. (USCS, Government Printing Office, May 1891). Hereafter cited as Baltimore Report. 2 Baltimore Report. 2. 52nd Congress, 2nd session, Report of the House Committee on Reform in the Civil Service, June 21, 1892 Report of the House Committee on Reform in the Civil Service, June 21, 1892, Misc. Doc. #289, Report #1669. Hereafter cited as House Report 2 House Report 2.

1. TR to B, May 23, 1891. TR to B, May 23, 1891.

2. See Las.30 ff. for an account of E's life as a Hempstead "swell." Wise, John S., See Las.30 ff. for an account of E's life as a Hempstead "swell." Wise, John S., Recollections of Thirteen Presidents Recollections of Thirteen Presidents (NY, 1906) 244. (NY, 1906) 244.

3. Las.8. "He became a drunkard because he was an epileptic...in the family we understood that." Mrs. Longworth int., Nov. 1954, TRB. Las.8. "He became a drunkard because he was an epileptic...in the family we understood that." Mrs. Longworth int., Nov. 1954, TRB.

4. See p. 132; also TR to B, May 10, 1890, when he says that E has been drinking for "a dozen years." TR to B, Apr. 30, 1890. See p. 132; also TR to B, May 10, 1890, when he says that E has been drinking for "a dozen years." TR to B, Apr. 30, 1890.

5. Sun, World Sun, World, Aug. 18, 1891, also Las.304.

6. COW; Las.36; TR to B, COW; Las.36; TR to B, passim passim, 1891.

7. TR to B, Jan. 25, 1891. TR to B, Jan. 25, 1891.

8. TR to B, TR to B, passim passim, 1891, and below.

9. TR to B, Jan. 25, 1891; ib., Mar. 1. TR to B, Jan. 25, 1891; ib., Mar. 1.

10. See Wag.878; TR to B, Mar. 1, 1891. See Wag.878; TR to B, Mar. 1, 1891.

11. Ib., Jan. 25, 1891. For other examples of TR's curious, neo-Christian morality, see Wag.8592. Ib., Jan. 25, 1891. For other examples of TR's curious, neo-Christian morality, see Wag.8592.

12. Ib., and below. Ib., and below.

13. TR to B, Feb. 22, 1891; ib., Feb. 15. TR to B, Feb. 22, 1891; ib., Feb. 15.

14. Ib., Mar. 1, 1891; COW; also Las.34 ff. Ib., Mar. 1, 1891; COW; also Las.34 ff.

15. The legitimate baby was due in late June 1891. For lack of evidence we can only assume that the illegitimate baby was due in March or April 1891, E having departed for Europe the previous July The legitimate baby was due in late June 1891. For lack of evidence we can only assume that the illegitimate baby was due in March or April 1891, E having departed for Europe the previous July (Sun (Sun, Aug. 17, 1891). It may have been due earlier, but as Katy Mann began her legal action only in January 1891, her pregnancy was surely not far advanced.

16. Mor.237. Mor.237.

17. Mor.238. BH eventually yielded to TR's entreaties, and extended the rules to cover a token 626 places in the Bureau. See below for TR's further efforts on behalf of reservation Indians. Mor.238. BH eventually yielded to TR's entreaties, and extended the rules to cover a token 626 places in the Bureau. See below for TR's further efforts on behalf of reservation Indians.

18. Reed was an advocate of the spoils system, and his campaign for favorable votes during the appropriations crisis surprised many colleagues. "Well, I didn't know Reed was an advocate of the spoils system, and his campaign for favorable votes during the appropriations crisis surprised many colleagues. "Well, I didn't know you you were in love with Civil Service Reform," said a Tennessee member. "I don't like it straight," Reed admitted, "but mixed with a little Theodore Roosevelt, I like it well." were in love with Civil Service Reform," said a Tennessee member. "I don't like it straight," Reed admitted, "but mixed with a little Theodore Roosevelt, I like it well." Columbus Columbus ( (O.) Press Press, May 8, 1892.

19. New York ("Historic Towns" Series, Longmans, Green & Co., 1891-issued simultaneously in New York and London). Reprinted in TR.Wks.X.339547. New York ("Historic Towns" Series, Longmans, Green & Co., 1891-issued simultaneously in New York and London). Reprinted in TR.Wks.X.339547.

20. Spectator Spectator, Sep. 5, 1891. Other reviews in TR.Scr.

21. The Nation The Nation, May 14, 1891.

22. TR.Wks.X.512ff., 514, 529. TR.Wks.X.512ff., 514, 529.

23. TR to B, Mar. 22, 1891. TR to B, Mar. 22, 1891.

24. Mor.284, 283. Mor.284, 283.

25. W. Post W. Post, Mar. 30, 31, and Apr. 3, 1891. These amounts were by no means trivial in the 1890s, when clerks like Hamilton Shidy earned $720 per annum, or $14 a week.

26. Mor.284. Mor.284.

27. Ib.; Williams, Cleveland, "TR, Civil Service Commissioner," U. Chicago dissertation, June 1955, 43. Ib.; Williams, Cleveland, "TR, Civil Service Commissioner," U. Chicago dissertation, June 1955, 43.

28. House Report 2 House Report 2, 1. TR went down for a preliminary investigation on Mar. 28 but seems to have kept his plans to return a secret. The press was taken completely by surprise-see W. Post W. Post, Mar. 31 and Apr. 3, 1891.

29. Baltimore Report Baltimore Report, 7 and passim passim. TR was still rejoicing in the primary's Dickensian aspects a year later-see W. Post W. Post, May 26, 1892.

30. Charles Joseph Bonaparte, president of the Maryland Civil Service Reform League, assisted TR in these interviews, and also took a part in the drafting of the final report. See Eric F. Goldman's unfinished "Charles J. Bonaparte, Patrician Reformer: His Earlier Career," Charles Joseph Bonaparte, president of the Maryland Civil Service Reform League, assisted TR in these interviews, and also took a part in the drafting of the final report. See Eric F. Goldman's unfinished "Charles J. Bonaparte, Patrician Reformer: His Earlier Career," Johns Hopkins U. Studies in Historical and Political Science Johns Hopkins U. Studies in Historical and Political Science, Series LXI, No. 2 (1943).

31. Baltimore Report Baltimore Report, 2, 4.

32. Boston Post Boston Post, Apr. 1, 1891; W. Post W. Post, qu. Sun Sun, Apr. 14; Civil Service Chronicle Civil Service Chronicle, May 1891.

33. Goldman, Goldman, Bonaparte Bonaparte, 25. See TR. Scr. for nationwide reaction.

34. W. Post W. Post, Apr. 3, 1891.

35. Metaphor taken from Metaphor taken from C. S. Chronicle C. S. Chronicle, May 1891.

36. During the session of Apr. 6, TR sent out for some sandwiches, and was puzzled when the office boy delivered them without a bill. "But I want to pay for them," said the Commissioner, holding out a dollar. "You can keep the change." The boy backed off in terror. "No, sir, I am not receiving any money on Government property." During the session of Apr. 6, TR sent out for some sandwiches, and was puzzled when the office boy delivered them without a bill. "But I want to pay for them," said the Commissioner, holding out a dollar. "You can keep the change." The boy backed off in terror. "No, sir, I am not receiving any money on Government property." W. Post W. Post, Apr. 7, 1891.

37. Baltimore Report Baltimore Report, 3.

38. Ib., 45. Ib., 45.

39. Ib., 126, 3, 139; Ib., 126, 3, 139; C. S. Chronicle C. S. Chronicle, Apr. 1891; Baltimore Report Baltimore Report, 16.

40. Not to be confused with TR's earlier report on the Baltimore Post Office (Aug. 1, 1889) reprinted in Mor. 177 ff. Not to be confused with TR's earlier report on the Baltimore Post Office (Aug. 1, 1889) reprinted in Mor. 177 ff.

41. See n. 69 below for sample reactions when it did appear. Har.78 implies, incorrectly, that it was President Harrison who pigeon-holed the report-no doubt because TR himself (Mor.242) was at pains to give that impression. Actually the document, dated May 1, was not even sent to Harrison until early in August ( See n. 69 below for sample reactions when it did appear. Har.78 implies, incorrectly, that it was President Harrison who pigeon-holed the report-no doubt because TR himself (Mor.242) was at pains to give that impression. Actually the document, dated May 1, was not even sent to Harrison until early in August (C. S. Chronicle, May 1892). BH approved its release in mid-August. N.Y. Tribune N.Y. Tribune, Aug. 17, 1891.

42. TR to B, May 5, 1891. TR to B, May 5, 1891.

43. Ib., Ib., passim passim, and Apr. 26, 1891.

44. Mor. 243. Mor. 243.

45. TR to B, n.d., 1891. TR to B, n.d., 1891.