2. G. W. Steevens, qu. Green, G. W. Steevens, qu. Green, Washington Washington, 77.

3. Ib., 778. Ib., 778.

4. Green, Green, Washington Washington, 12.

5. Carpenter, 102. Carpenter, 102.

6. Ib., 8, 2967. Ib., 8, 2967.

7. Ib., 110, 306, 329, 80 ff. Ib., 110, 306, 329, 80 ff.

8. See, e.g., Gar.104. See, e.g., Gar.104.

9. Washington Post Washington Post, May 12, 19, 1889 10. Green, Green, Washington Washington, 13.

11. Figures projected from those qu. ib., 80. Figures projected from those qu. ib., 80.

12. See Lod.77. See Lod.77.

13. Washington Washington Star Star, May 13, 1889; ib., May 19. The appointment was made official on May 7, 1889.

14. W. W. Star Star, May 13, 1889.

15. The author may be forgiven this surmise. If anything was at all times predictable about TR, it was his habit of taking stairs two-or even three-at a time. William Loeb, Jr., his godson, remembers him in gouty old age, thundering upstairs with boyish energy. "I didn't know any other adults that The author may be forgiven this surmise. If anything was at all times predictable about TR, it was his habit of taking stairs two-or even three-at a time. William Loeb, Jr., his godson, remembers him in gouty old age, thundering upstairs with boyish energy. "I didn't know any other adults that ran ran upstairs. The ones I knew generally walked." (To author, Feb. 28, 1975.) The location of the Civil Service Commission (henceforth CSC) is given in Halloran, Matthew F., upstairs. The ones I knew generally walked." (To author, Feb. 28, 1975.) The location of the Civil Service Commission (henceforth CSC) is given in Halloran, Matthew F., The Romance of the Merit System The Romance of the Merit System (Washington, 1929) 512 and 1667. Note that Pringle's location (Pri.121) is incorrect. The CSC did not move to Eighth and E until later. (Washington, 1929) 512 and 1667. Note that Pringle's location (Pri.121) is incorrect. The CSC did not move to Eighth and E until later.

16. Halloran, Halloran, Romance Romance, 56.

17. W. Star W. Star, May 13, 1891.

18. Bis.I.46. Within ten months of becoming Commissioner, TR's effective power in the agency was estimated as "two-thirds" by the Bis.I.46. Within ten months of becoming Commissioner, TR's effective power in the agency was estimated as "two-thirds" by the Chicago Morning News Chicago Morning News (Mar. 28, 1890) and "seven-eighths" by another paper (TR.Scr.). (Mar. 28, 1890) and "seven-eighths" by another paper (TR.Scr.).

19. Mor.192. At various points in the TR/Lodge correspondence Lyman is "dreary," "mushy," and "a chump." (Oct. 27, 1889; Aug. 23, Sep. 23, 1890.) Mor.192. At various points in the TR/Lodge correspondence Lyman is "dreary," "mushy," and "a chump." (Oct. 27, 1889; Aug. 23, Sep. 23, 1890.) 20. TR to B, n.d., 1889 (TRB). TR to B, n.d., 1889 (TRB).

21. See Halloran, n. 15 above. See Halloran, n. 15 above.

22. Thayer, William Roscoe, Thayer, William Roscoe, TR: An Intimate Biography TR: An Intimate Biography (Houghton Mifflin, 1919) 88. (Houghton Mifflin, 1919) 88.

23. For the early history of Civil Service Reform up to and including TR's Commissionership, see Sageser, A. Bower, "The First Two Decades of the Pendleton Act," For the early history of Civil Service Reform up to and including TR's Commissionership, see Sageser, A. Bower, "The First Two Decades of the Pendleton Act," Nebraska University Studies Nebraska University Studies, Vols. 3435 (193435); White, D., The Republican Era, 18691901 The Republican Era, 18691901 (Macmillans, 1958); van Riper, Paul, (Macmillans, 1958); van Riper, Paul, History of the USCSC History of the USCSC (Evanston, Ill., 1958); Hoogenboom, Ari, "The Pendleton Act and the Civil Service," (Evanston, Ill., 1958); Hoogenboom, Ari, "The Pendleton Act and the Civil Service," American Historical Review American Historical Review, 64.2 (Jan. 1959).

24. Mor.57, 154, 153 Foulke, Mor.57, 154, 153 Foulke, Spoilsmen Spoilsmen, 12.

25. W. W. Star Star, May 14, 1889; Wise, John S., Recollections of Thirteen Presidents Recollections of Thirteen Presidents (NY, 1906) 200. (NY, 1906) 200.

26. See Sto.164; also 1814; Depew, Chauncey, See Sto.164; also 1814; Depew, Chauncey, My Memories of Eighty Years My Memories of Eighty Years (Scribner's, 1922) 1334. (Scribner's, 1922) 1334.

27. Qu. Carpenter, 305. Qu. Carpenter, 305.

28. W. Post W. Post, May 15, 1889.

29. W. W. Star Star, May 14; W. Post W. Post, May 15, 1889.

30. Ib.; Har.78; Pri.123. Carl Schurz wrote that Wanamaker's appointment "was the first instance in the history of the Republic that a place in the Cabinet had been given for a pecuniary consideration." Sageser, "Two Decades," 135. Ib.; Har.78; Pri.123. Carl Schurz wrote that Wanamaker's appointment "was the first instance in the history of the Republic that a place in the Cabinet had been given for a pecuniary consideration." Sageser, "Two Decades," 135.

31. Foulke, William D., Foulke, William D., Lucius Burrie Swift Lucius Burrie Swift (Bobbs-Merrill, 1930) 39. (Bobbs-Merrill, 1930) 39.

32. Ib., 41; Pri.123. Ib., 41; Pri.123.

33. Foulke, Foulke, Spoilsmen Spoilsmen, 1112; USCSC, Sixth Report Sixth Report (1889). (1889).

34. Bis.I.45; Halloran, Bis.I.45; Halloran, Romance Romance, 525.

35. Ib., 76. Ib., 76.

36. It is amusing for those familiar with TR's love of making delayed entrances to follow the shrewd build-up of suspense that preceded his arrival in Washington. Although he had long since accepted the Commissionership, he deliberately avoided telling his colleagues when he would report for duty. The press daily enquired as to TR's whereabouts, and the Commissioners daily replied that they did not know. Lyman even exclaimed, rather irritably, that he still had "no intimation" whether TR would indeed take the job. Consequently, when the laggard arrived at last, on May 13, his oath-taking rated front-page headlines in that evening's paper, along with the information that he had established himself in the CSC's largest office. See It is amusing for those familiar with TR's love of making delayed entrances to follow the shrewd build-up of suspense that preceded his arrival in Washington. Although he had long since accepted the Commissionership, he deliberately avoided telling his colleagues when he would report for duty. The press daily enquired as to TR's whereabouts, and the Commissioners daily replied that they did not know. Lyman even exclaimed, rather irritably, that he still had "no intimation" whether TR would indeed take the job. Consequently, when the laggard arrived at last, on May 13, his oath-taking rated front-page headlines in that evening's paper, along with the information that he had established himself in the CSC's largest office. See W. Star W. Star, May 8, 9, 10, and 13, 1889.

37. Mor.8.1429; Mor.8.1429; N.Y. Tribune N.Y. Tribune, May 22, 1889; Foulke, Spoilsmen Spoilsmen, 13.

38. Mor.165; Mor.165; W. Star W. Star, June 18, 1889; Foulke, Swift Swift, 37; Foulke, Spoilsmen Spoilsmen, 13. According to the N.Y. Evening Post N.Y. Evening Post, June 19, Wallace was BH's old law partner.

39. W. W. Star Star, June 19, 1889; Foulke, Swift Swift, 37.

40. Foulke, Foulke, Spoilsmen Spoilsmen, 1314; Swift Swift, 37.

41. Foulke, Foulke, Spoilsmen Spoilsmen, 14; see also W. Star W. Star, June 19, 1889.

42. Mor.165, 166. Mor.165, 166.

43. Ib. Ib.

44. Milwaukee Daily Journal Milwaukee Daily Journal, June 20, 1889; House Report 1 House Report 1, 307.

45. Lod.79. Lod.79.

46. House Report 1 House Report 1, 150, 161.

47. Ib., 324, 326, and Ib., 324, 326, and passim passim.

48. Ib., 220, 263, 303 Ib., 220, 263, 303 49. Ib., 303. Ib., 303.

50. W. Post W. Post, June 25, 1889, has text of the first report; House Report 1 House Report 1, 324 ff. has text of the second. See also ib., 175.

51. Ib., 327. Ib., 327.

52. Mor.167. Mor.167.

53. Ib., 168. Ib., 168.

54. Sample editorial opinion, in Sample editorial opinion, in Chicago Morning News Chicago Morning News, June 26, 1889: "One of the conspicuous successes of President Harrison's administration is the Hon. Teddy Roosevelt...More power to him! He has made various spoilsmen of his party as mad as hornets, and he seems to be glad of it." TR.Scr. give a good idea of the publicity surrounding his Midwestern "slam": it made headlines as far away as San Francisco.

55. Mor.1689. Mor.1689.

56. N.Y. N.Y. Trib. Trib., June 30, 1889.

57. Mor.173. Mor.173.

58. House Report 1 House Report 1, 17780. See also testimony below.

59. TR to HCL, July 11, 1889. A fair example of the invective which Lodge deleted when preparing his correspondence with TR for publication. See Bibl., LOD. TR to HCL, July 11, 1889. A fair example of the invective which Lodge deleted when preparing his correspondence with TR for publication. See Bibl., LOD.

60. Mor.1712. Mor.1712.

61. House Report 1 House Report 1, 150.

62. Details from Carpenter, 2378; Details from Carpenter, 2378; W. Post W. Post and and Star Star, JulyAug. 1889, passim passim.

63. Mor.169, 172, 177, 174. Mor.169, 172, 177, 174.

64. Ib., 172. Ib., 172.

65. Ib., fn. Ib., fn.

66. N.Y. Herald N.Y. Herald, July 28, 1889; W. Post W. Post, July 29, 1889.

67. Reprinted in Reprinted in W. Post W. Post, July 31, 1889.

68. W. Post W. Post, Aug. 1, 1889; Mor.182; Sievers, Harry J., Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison (New York, 1960), III, 86. (New York, 1960), III, 86.

69. Sun Sun, Aug. 1, 1889.

70. W. Post W. Post, Aug. 2 and 3, 1889.

71. Ib., Aug. 5, 1889. Ib., Aug. 5, 1889.

72. W. W. Star Star, Aug. 5, 1889; Mor.1. 1856. An intimate of the Harrison Administration remarked at this time that TR was altogether too fond of talking to the press. L. T. Michener to E. W. Halford, Aug. 9, 1889.

73. Mor.182. Mor.182.

74. The following two paras. are taken almost verbatim from TR.Wks.II. 2401. The following two paras. are taken almost verbatim from TR.Wks.II. 2401.

75. Ib. Ib.

76. Ib., 242; TR, qu. Cut.51. Ib., 242; TR, qu. Cut.51.

77. Mor. 175. Mor. 175.

78. See Utley, George B., "TR's See Utley, George B., "TR's The Winning of the West: The Winning of the West: Some Unpublished Letters," Some Unpublished Letters," Mississippi Valley Historical Review Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXX (1944) 469.

79. Dial Dial, Vol. X.112 (Aug. 1889).

80. Atlantic Monthly Atlantic Monthly, Nov. 1889. See Utley, "TR's WW," 499 ff. for TR's rueful but appreciative response, and for his subsequent relations with Poole. See, for other assessments of TR the historian, Har.5361 and 526; Lasch, Christopher, ed., WW by TR WW by TR (NY 1963) intro.; Wish, Harvey, (NY 1963) intro.; Wish, Harvey, American Historians: A Selection American Historians: A Selection (NY, 1962); Gable, John A., "TR as Historian and Man of Letters," cited Ch. 15, n. 55. For other contemporary reviews of (NY, 1962); Gable, John A., "TR as Historian and Man of Letters," cited Ch. 15, n. 55. For other contemporary reviews of WW WW, see N.Y.T. N.Y.T., July 7, 1889; New Englander and Yale Review New Englander and Yale Review, 52 (1890); and The Critic The Critic, Aug. 3, 1889, which predicted that WW WW, with all its faults, "will rank among American historical writings of the first order."

81. Sun Sun, Sep. 22, 1889; Mor.18890.

82. Mor.188 fn. Mor.188 fn.

83. Ib., 192. Ib., 192.

84. Sun Sun, Oct. 6, 1889.

85. The complete texts of both TR's letters are in Mor. 1947. The complete texts of both TR's letters are in Mor. 1947.

86. TR to B, Oct. 15, 1889. TR to B, Oct. 15, 1889.

87. Hag.RF.18; EKR to TR re finances, Hag.RF.18; EKR to TR re finances, passim passim (Derby mss.); TR to B, Oct. 13, 1889. (Derby mss.); TR to B, Oct. 13, 1889.

88. Cecil Spring-Rice, qu. Gwy.101. Cecil Spring-Rice, qu. Gwy.101.

89. Lod.196; Mor.199. Lod.196; Mor.199.

90. USCSC, USCSC, Sixth Report Sixth Report (1889). (1889).

91. Dun.I.20. Early in the year, Congressman Reed had obligingly helped Lodge in his attempts to get TR a place in the government. For the relationship of the two most charismatic figures in late-nineteenth-century American politics, see R. Hal Williams, "'Dear Tom,' 'Dear Theodore': The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt and Thomas B. Reed," Dun.I.20. Early in the year, Congressman Reed had obligingly helped Lodge in his attempts to get TR a place in the government. For the relationship of the two most charismatic figures in late-nineteenth-century American politics, see R. Hal Williams, "'Dear Tom,' 'Dear Theodore': The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt and Thomas B. Reed," Theodore Roosevelt Journal Theodore Roosevelt Journal 20 (1995) 34. 20 (1995) 34.

92. Lod.88. Lod.88.

93. St.177; Mor.210. St.177; Mor.210.

94. TR to B, Oct. 13, 1889. TR to B, Oct. 13, 1889.

95. Ib., Dec. 31; Utley, "TR's Ib., Dec. 31; Utley, "TR's WW," WW," 505; Mor.200. 505; Mor.200.

96. Foraker, Julia, Foraker, Julia, I Would Live It Again I Would Live It Again (Harpers, 1932) 133. (Harpers, 1932) 133.

97. See See W. Post W. Post, Jan. 2, 1890.

98. Sto.235; Foraker, Sto.235; Foraker, Again Again, 7.

99. Mor.3.486. Mor.3.486.

100. TR to B, Feb. 13, 1890. TR to B, Feb. 13, 1890.

101. Adams, Henry, Adams, Henry, The Education of Henry Adams The Education of Henry Adams, ed. Ernest Samuels (Houghton Mifflin, 1974) 332; Den.339.

102. See, e.g., Pla.2145; Foraker, See, e.g., Pla.2145; Foraker, Again Again, 170; Gar.109; Butler, Nicholas Murray, Across the Busy Years Across the Busy Years (Scribner's, 1940) 2978; Sto.189. (Scribner's, 1940) 2978; Sto.189.

103. Qu. Sto.190. Qu. Sto.190.

104. McCall, Samuel W., McCall, Samuel W., Thomas B. Reed Thomas B. Reed (Houghton Mifflin, 1914) 248; character sketch, anon., TRB mss. (Houghton Mifflin, 1914) 248; character sketch, anon., TRB mss.