Columbia--Light blue and white.

Cornell--Carnelian and white.

Dartmouth--Green.

Harvard--Crimson.

Indiana--Crimson and cream.

Iowa--Scarlet and black.

Iowa State--Cardinal and gold.

Johns Hopkins--Black and old gold.

Lake Forest--Red and black.

Leland Stanford--Cardinal.

Northwestern--Royal Purple.

Oberlin--Crimson and gold

Princeton--Orange and black.

Purdue--Old gold and black.

University of Chicago--Maroon.

University of Illinois--Orange and navy blue.

University of Michigan--Maize and blue.

University of Minnesota--Old gold and maroon.

University of Notre Dame--Gold and blue.

University of Pennsylvania--Red and blue.

University of Rochester--Dandelion yellow.

University of Wisconsin--Cardinal.

Va.s.sar--Rose and gray.

Williams--Royal purple.

Yale--Blue.

THE CLAIMS OF OSTEOPATHY.

Strictly construing the claims of osteopathic doctors, it is an anti-medicine system of practice for the cure of every disease to which the human body is liable.

Dr. Andrew T. Still, who claims to have made the discoveries that led to the establishment of the school of Osteopathy, a.s.serts that all diseases and lesions are the result of the luxation, dislocation, or breakage of some bone or bones; this, however, is not now maintained to any great extent by his followers. Osteopathists, though, do generally claim that all diseases arise from some maladjustment of the bones of the human body, and that treatment, therefore, must be to secure the normal adjustment of the bones and ligaments that form the skeleton. They claim that a dislocation is not always necessarily the result of external violence; it may be caused by the ulceration of bones, the elongation of ligaments, or excessive muscular action.

The constriction of an important artery or vein, which may be caused by a very slightly displaced bone, an indurated muscle, or other organ, may produce an excess of blood in one part of the body, thereby causing a deficiency in some other part. A dislocated member will generally show alteration in the form of the joint and axis of the limb; loss of power and proper motion; increased length or shortening of the limb; prominence at one point and depression at another; greatly impaired circulation, and pain due to the obstruction of nerve force in the parts involved.

The osteopathist claims that pain and disease arise mainly from some mal-adjustment in some part of the body, and that a return to good health involves treatment for the normal adjustment of the skeleton; he a.s.serts, though any luxation may be only partial, it may cause pressure at some point upon a blood vessel, or a nerve of which the patient may be unconscious, and thus be a barrier to the restoration of good health.

Osteopathy a.s.serts that trying to heal the body of an ailment caused by a dislocated member, be it a bone, ligament, or nerve, by which abnormal pressure is maintained upon a blood vessel or a nerve, would be like trying to operate a machine with an important cog out of gear. To cure it involves the reduction of a dislocation; the breaking up of adhesions, and the arousing of the enervated organ or organs partially or wholly failing in the performance of function.

THE LAW OF TRADEMARKS.

Any person, firm or corporation can obtain protection for any lawful trademark by complying with the following:

1. By causing to be recorded in the Patent Office the name, residence and place of business of persons desiring the trademark.

2. The cla.s.s of merchandise and description of the same.

3. A description of the trademark itself with facsimiles.

4. The length of time that the said mark has already been used.

5. By payment of the required fee--$6 for labels and $25 for trademarks.

6. By complying with such regulations as may be prescribed by the Commissioner of Patents.

7. A lawful trademark must consist of some arbitrary word (not the name of a person or place), indicating or not the use or nature of the thing to which it is applied; of some designating symbol, or of both said word and symbol.

HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT.

Patents are issued in the name of the United States, and under the seal of the Patent Office. A patent is a grant by the Government to the inventor, his heirs or a.s.signs, for a limited period, of the exclusive right to make, use or sell any new and useful art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, or any new, original and ornamental design for any article of manufacture.

Every patent contains a grant to the patentee, his heirs or a.s.signs, for the term of seventeen years, of the exclusive right to make, use and vend the invention or discovery throughout the United States and the Territories, referring to the specification for the particulars thereof.

If it appears that the inventor, at the time of making his application, believed himself to be the first inventor or discoverer, a patent will not be refused on account of the invention or discovery, or any part thereof, having been known or used in any foreign country before his invention or discovery thereof, if it had not been before patented or described in any printed publication.

Joint inventors are ent.i.tled to a joint patent; neither can claim one separately. Independent inventors of distinct and independent improvements in the same machine cannot obtain a joint patent for their separate inventions; nor does the fact that one furnishes the capital and another makes the invention ent.i.tle them to make application as joint inventors; but in such case they may become joint patentees.

Application for a patent must be made in writing to the Commissioner of Patents, from whom blanks and printed instructions can be obtained by mail.

REISSUES.--A reissue is granted to the original patentee, his legal representatives, or the a.s.signees of the entire interest, when, by reason of a defective or insufficient specification, or by reason of the patentee claiming as his invention or discovery more than he had a right to claim as new, the original patent is inoperative or invalid, provided the error has arisen from inadvertence, accident or mistake and without any fraudulent or deceptive intention.