Balance--To maintain equilibrium by hand or automatic movement of balancing surfaces, as opposed to equilibrium maintained by stabilizing.
See "Stabilizer."
Body--The center part of an aeroplane or other aerial vehicle, in which the motor, fuel tanks, pa.s.senger accommodation, etc., are placed.
Camber--The camber of the ribs is the amount of curvature which is imparted to them in the same way that a motor car spring or a road has a camber or curvature.
Cha.s.sis (shas-see)--That part of the main framework of a monoplane to which the main planes and tail planes are fitted and which contains the engine and aviators seat.
Center of Pressure--Really a line of pressure along the under side of a wing or aeroplane surface, on either side of which the pressures are equal.
Center of Gravity--The center of weight, about which the vehicle balances in all directions.
Chord--A straight line drawn between the ends of the arc of a circle or other curve.
Dirigible (dir'-igihle)--Steerable or navigable; applied to balloons.
Derrick--A tower in which a falling weight is dropped in starting an aeroplane.
Diagonal--A diagonal brace or stay in a framework.
Dihedral (di-he'dral)--Said of wing pairs inclined at an upward angle to each other.
Elevator--A princ.i.p.al supplementary surface, usually of a miniature form of the main planes. Used for purpose of altering the vertical direction of machine.
Gap--The distance between two main planes in a biplane.
Gliding--Flying down a slant of air without power.
Gyroscopic Effect--The property of any rotating ma.s.s whereby it tends to maintain its plane of rotation against disturbing forces.
Gauchiss.e.m.e.nt (or warping)--Applied to the main planes and produces the same ultimate effect as the use of ailerons.
Hangar (hang'ar)--A shed for housing balloons or aeroplanes, generally the latter.
Horsepower--A rate of work equivalent to the lifting of 33,000 ft.-lb. a minute.
Head Resistance--The resistance of a surface to movement through the air; closely proportionate to its projected area.
Heavier-than-air--Applied to dynamic flying machines weighing more than the air they displace.
Horizontal Rudder--A horizontally placed rudder for steering in vertical directions.
Lift--The sustaining effect, expressed in units of weight of an aeroplane or wing surface.
Monoplane--An aeroplane with one or more main surfaces in the same horizontal plane.
Main Plane--Usually the largest or lowest supporting surface of a multi-surfaced aeroplane.
Mast--A spar or strut used for the attachment of wire or other stays to stiffen the wings or other parts of a structure.
Main Spars--Lateral spars upon which the main planes are built.
Main Landing Wheels--In an alighting gear, the wheels that take the chief shock in landing.
Ornithopter--A dynamic flying machine of the heavier-than-air type, in which sustension is provided by the effect of reciprocating wing surfaces.
Pylon--A tower to mark the course in aerial racing contests.
Ribs--Supports for the fabric, made of ash or spruce and bent to the correct curves.
Rudder--One or more steering planes are invariably fitted to practical machines to control the direction of flight.
Superposed Planes--Arrangement of one plane over the other, as in the Wright, Voisin and Farman machines.
Supplementary Planes (or surfaces)--Additional surfaces which are used for stabilization.
Stabilizer--Any surface for automatically maintaining lateral or longitudinal balance.
Struts--Fixtures used in biplane construction to maintain an equal distance between two planes.
Skids--Long skates on which the machine can land in safety.
Span--The distance from tip to tip of the main planes in a transverse direction to that of flight.
Soaring Flight--The flight of certain large birds without wing flapping.
Its solution and imitation const.i.tute one of the problems of aerial navigation.
Sustaining Surface--Any surface placed in a horizontal or approximately horizontal position, primarily for the purpose of affording sustension.
Triplane--An aeroplane with three main surfaces.
Webs--Small blocks of wood placed between the ribs which act as distance pieces.
Wing Warping--A system of maintaining lateral balance by differential twisting of wing tips in such manner as to increase the sustension on one side and decrease it on the other.
--New York Tribune.
COLLEGE COLORS.
Amherst--Purple and white.
Beloit--Old gold,
Bowdoin--White.
Brown--Brown and white.