4. Henry C. Castellanos, Henry C. Castellanos, New Orleans As It Was: Episodes of Louisiana Life New Orleans As It Was: Episodes of Louisiana Life (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006), 24447; Isenberg, (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006), 24447; Isenberg, Burr, Burr, 29697; Willard Rouse Jillson, "Aaron Burr's 'Trial' for Treason at Frankfort, Kentucky, 1806," 29697; Willard Rouse Jillson, "Aaron Burr's 'Trial' for Treason at Frankfort, Kentucky, 1806," Filson Club History Quarterly Filson Club History Quarterly 17 (October 1943): 209; Mayo, 17 (October 1943): 209; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 225. Territorial Governor William C. C. Claiborne later removed John Watkins as New Orleans mayor because of his complicity in Burr's schemes. See Thomas Perkins Abernethy, 225. Territorial Governor William C. C. Claiborne later removed John Watkins as New Orleans mayor because of his complicity in Burr's schemes. See Thomas Perkins Abernethy, The Burr Conspiracy The Burr Conspiracy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1954), 277. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1954), 277.

5. It was a common eighteenth- and nineteenth-century practice to give the mother's maiden name to at least one child as a middle name. Henry and Lucretia Clay did this with two of their children, Thomas Hart Clay and Susan Hart Clay. Lee Shai Weissbach, "The Peopling of Lexington, Kentucky: Growth and Mobility in a Frontier Town," It was a common eighteenth- and nineteenth-century practice to give the mother's maiden name to at least one child as a middle name. Henry and Lucretia Clay did this with two of their children, Thomas Hart Clay and Susan Hart Clay. Lee Shai Weissbach, "The Peopling of Lexington, Kentucky: Growth and Mobility in a Frontier Town," Register of the Kentucky Historical Society Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 81 (1983): 119. 81 (1983): 119.

6. Milton Lomask, Milton Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Conspiracy and Years of Exile, Aaron Burr: The Conspiracy and Years of Exile, 18051836 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1982), 126; Abernethy, 18051836 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1982), 126; Abernethy, Burr Conspiracy, Burr Conspiracy, 84, 90; Mayo, 84, 90; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 239; Mary K. Bonsteel Tachau, 239; Mary K. Bonsteel Tachau, Federal Courts in the Early Republic: Kentucky, Federal Courts in the Early Republic: Kentucky, 17891816 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978), 139; John Breckinridge died at home at the end of 1806 after a long illness, probably tuberculosis. James C. Klotter, 17891816 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978), 139; John Breckinridge died at home at the end of 1806 after a long illness, probably tuberculosis. James C. Klotter, The Breckinridges of Kentucky, The Breckinridges of Kentucky, 17601981 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1986), 34. 17601981 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1986), 34.

7. Abernethy, Abernethy, Burr Conspiracy, Burr Conspiracy, 92; Mayo, 92; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 236; Remini, 236; Remini, Clay, Clay, 42. 42.

8. Ranck, Ranck, Lexington, Lexington, 266; Mayo, 266; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 22729. 22729.

9. Aaron Burr, Aaron Burr, Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr, Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr, edited by Mary-Jo Kine, 2 volumes (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983), 2:9991000; Mayo, edited by Mary-Jo Kine, 2 volumes (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983), 2:9991000; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 240. 240.

10. Leland R. Johnson, "Aaron Burr: Treason in Kentucky?" Leland R. Johnson, "Aaron Burr: Treason in Kentucky?" Filson Club History Quarterly Filson Club History Quarterly 75 (2001): 132; Burr to Clay, November 7, 1806, 75 (2001): 132; Burr to Clay, November 7, 1806, HCP HCP 1:253; Burr, 1:253; Burr, Political Correspondence, Political Correspondence, 2:1000; Mayo, 2:1000; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 240; Lomask, 240; Lomask, Aaron Burr, Aaron Burr, 143; Innes to Daveiss, November 5, 1806, Daveiss to Innes, November 6, 1806, Papers of Harry Innes, LOC. 143; Innes to Daveiss, November 5, 1806, Daveiss to Innes, November 6, 1806, Papers of Harry Innes, LOC.

11. Scioto Scioto (Chillicothe, Ohio) (Chillicothe, Ohio) Gazette, Gazette, November 27, 1806; Robert McNutt McElroy, November 27, 1806; Robert McNutt McElroy, Kentucky in the Nation's History Kentucky in the Nation's History (New York: Moffat, Yard, 1909), 300301; Mayo, (New York: Moffat, Yard, 1909), 300301; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 241. 241.

12. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 244; Van Deusen, 244; Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 40. 40.

13. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 24445; Remini, 24445; Remini, Clay, Clay, 43; Burr to Clay, November 27, 1806, 43; Burr to Clay, November 27, 1806, HCP HCP 1:256. 1:256.

14. Van Deusen, Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 41; Burr to Clay, December 1, 1806, 41; Burr to Clay, December 1, 1806, HCP HCP 1:256; Abernethy, 1:256; Abernethy, Burr Conspiracy, Burr Conspiracy, 97. 97.

15. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 24648; Lomask, 24648; Lomask, Aaron Burr, Aaron Burr, 14647; Abernethy, 14647; Abernethy, Burr Conspiracy, Burr Conspiracy, 97. 97.

16. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 24650; Lomask, 24650; Lomask, Aaron Burr, Aaron Burr, 144; 144; National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, January 5, 1807; Marshall, January 5, 1807; Marshall, History of Kentucky, History of Kentucky, 2:4046. 2:4046.

17. National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, January 5, 1807; Abernethy, January 5, 1807; Abernethy, Burr Conspiracy, Burr Conspiracy, 98; Lomask, 98; Lomask, Aaron Burr, Aaron Burr, 147. 147.

18. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 25253. 25253.

19. Everett Somerville Brown, editor, Everett Somerville Brown, editor, William Plumer's Memorandum of Proceedings in the United States Senate, 18031807 William Plumer's Memorandum of Proceedings in the United States Senate, 18031807 (New York: Macmillan, 1923), 566; Lomask, (New York: Macmillan, 1923), 566; Lomask, Aaron Burr, Aaron Burr, 14748; Abernethy, 14748; Abernethy, Burr Conspiracy, Burr Conspiracy, 98. 98.

20. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 237, 25657; Lomask, 237, 25657; Lomask, Aaron Burr, Aaron Burr, 149. 149.

21. Marshall, Marshall, History of Kentucky, History of Kentucky, 2:41011. 2:41011.

22. Advertisement, December 8, 1806, Clay to Pindell, October 15, 1828, Advertisement, December 8, 1806, Clay to Pindell, October 15, 1828, HCP HCP 1:261, 7:5012; Van Deusen, 1:261, 7:5012; Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 43. 43.

23. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 244; Remini, 244; Remini, Clay, Clay, 43. 43.

24. Clay to Street, December 17, 1806, Clay to Street, December 17, 1806, HCP HCP 11:9. 11:9.

25. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 26162. 26162.

26. Clay to Street, Clay to Street, HCP HCP 11:9; Melish, 11:9; Melish, Travels, Travels, 144; Mayo, 144; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 262. 262.

27. Brown, ed., Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 570; Van Deusen, 570; Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 44. Matthew Clay was Henry Clay's father John Clay's first cousin. Matthew was the brother of Green Clay, who had emigrated to Kentucky and formed another branch of the Clay family there. Henry Clay handled much of the legal work for his older cousin Green. Brief for Green Clay, 1801, Brief for Green Clay, 1805, Henry Clay Legal Documents. 44. Matthew Clay was Henry Clay's father John Clay's first cousin. Matthew was the brother of Green Clay, who had emigrated to Kentucky and formed another branch of the Clay family there. Henry Clay handled much of the legal work for his older cousin Green. Brief for Green Clay, 1801, Brief for Green Clay, 1805, Henry Clay Legal Documents.

28. Annals of Congress, Annals of Congress, 42 volumes (Washington, DC: Gales and Seaton, 18341856), 9 Cong., 2 sess., 24 (hereafter cited as 42 volumes (Washington, DC: Gales and Seaton, 18341856), 9 Cong., 2 sess., 24 (hereafter cited as AC AC); Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 547, 614; Senate Credentials, 547, 614; Senate Credentials, HCP HCP 1:25455. 1:25455.

29. Melish, Melish, Travels, Travels, 145. 145.

30. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 27071. 27071.

31. Brown, ed., Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 54748. 54748.

32. Clay to Innes, January 16, 1807, Clay to Todd, January 24, 1807, Clay to Hart, February 1, 1807, Clay to Innes, January 16, 1807, Clay to Todd, January 24, 1807, Clay to Hart, February 1, 1807, HCP HCP 1:270, 272, 273; Mayo, 1:270, 272, 273; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 266. 266.

33. Clay and Oberholtzer, Clay and Oberholtzer, Clay, Clay, 41, 4445; Mayo, 41, 4445; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 266; Sargent, 266; Sargent, Clay, Clay, 7; Colton, 7; Colton, Clay, Clay, 89. 89.

34. Brown, ed., Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 554; 554; AC, AC, 9 Cong., 2 sess., 27, 28, 32; Baxter, 9 Cong., 2 sess., 27, 28, 32; Baxter, Clay the Lawyer, Clay the Lawyer, 33; Mayo, 33; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 27273. 27273.

35. AC, AC, 9 Cong., 2 sess., 4043. 9 Cong., 2 sess., 4043.

36. Brown, ed., Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 565, 589. The House refused to suspend the writ. Mayo, 565, 589. The House refused to suspend the writ. Mayo, Clay, Clay, 266. 266.

37. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 27374, 27679; 27374, 27679; National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, January 16, 1807; Strahan et al., "Clay Speakership," 56768; Brown, ed., January 16, 1807; Strahan et al., "Clay Speakership," 56768; Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 595, 628. 595, 628.

38. National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, April 3, 1807; Brown, ed., April 3, 1807; Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 634; Baxter, 634; Baxter, Clay the Lawyer, Clay the Lawyer, 34; Van Deusen, 34; Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 4648. 4648.

39. Charles Francis Adams, editor, Charles Francis Adams, editor, Memoirs of John Quincy Adams Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1785 to 1848 Memoirs of John Quincy Adams Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1785 to 1848, 12 volumes (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 18741877), 1:444. Clay later expressed pride regarding his stand on this issue. Matthew Mason, "Slavery Overshadowed: Congress Debates Prohibiting the Atlantic Slave Trade to the United States, 18061807," Journal of the Early Republic Journal of the Early Republic 20 (Spring 2000): 74. 20 (Spring 2000): 74.

40. Brown, ed., Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 595. 595.

41. Hoadley to Evarts, February 5, 1807, George Hoadley Letter, VHS. Hoadley to Evarts, February 5, 1807, George Hoadley Letter, VHS.

42. Clay to Hart, February 1, 1807, Clay to Hart, February 1, 1807, HCP HCP 1:274. 1:274.

43. Hoadley to Evarts, February 5, 1807, Hoadley Letter. Hoadley to Evarts, February 5, 1807, Hoadley Letter.

44. Brown, ed., Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 628; Mayo, 628; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 27475. 27475.

45. George Bancroft, "A Few Words About Henry Clay," George Bancroft, "A Few Words About Henry Clay," The Century Magazine The Century Magazine 30 (July 1885), 479. 30 (July 1885), 479.

46. Brown, ed., Brown, ed., Plumer's Memorandum, Plumer's Memorandum, 565, 608. 565, 608.

47. Ibid., 634; Mayo, Ibid., 634; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 298. 298.

48. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 300301. 300301.

49. Ibid., 269, 3035; Comegys to Clay, March 24, 1807, Brown to Clay, April 10, 1807, Clay to Jacoby, May 18, 1807, Ibid., 269, 3035; Comegys to Clay, March 24, 1807, Brown to Clay, April 10, 1807, Clay to Jacoby, May 18, 1807, HCP HCP 1:288, 289, 294; Blennerhassett to Blennerhassett, July 14, 1807, Safford, ed., 1:288, 289, 294; Blennerhassett to Blennerhassett, July 14, 1807, Safford, ed., Blennerhassett Papers, Blennerhassett Papers, 259. 259.

50. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 306; Lomask, 306; Lomask, Aaron Burr, Aaron Burr, 260; Blennerhassett to Blennerhassett, July 14, 1807, Extract from the 260; Blennerhassett to Blennerhassett, July 14, 1807, Extract from the New World, New World, July 21, 1807, Safford, ed., July 21, 1807, Safford, ed., Blennerhassett Papers, Blennerhassett Papers, 259, 26870; "Argument Relative to Harman Blennerhassett, July 15, 1807, Clay to Blennerhassett, July 22, 1807, Clay to Blennerhassett, March 14, 1842, 259, 26870; "Argument Relative to Harman Blennerhassett, July 15, 1807, Clay to Blennerhassett, July 22, 1807, Clay to Blennerhassett, March 14, 1842, HCP HCP 1:29899, 300301, 9:67880; 1:29899, 300301, 9:67880; Pittsburgh Gazette, Pittsburgh Gazette, August 11, 1807; Baxter, August 11, 1807; Baxter, Clay the Lawyer, Clay the Lawyer, 32. 32.

51. Deposition of Harry Innes, 1807, Harry Innes Papers, Filson; Mayo, Deposition of Harry Innes, 1807, Harry Innes Papers, Filson; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 3068. 3068.

52. Clay to Rodney, December 5, 1807, Clay to Rodney, December 5, 1807, HCP HCP 1:311; Bibb to Rodney, December 11, 1807, George Mortimer Bibb Papers, Filson. 1:311; Bibb to Rodney, December 11, 1807, George Mortimer Bibb Papers, Filson.

53. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 309; Marshall, 309; Marshall, History of Kentucky, History of Kentucky, 2:447; Fowler to Innes, March 4, 1807, Innes Papers, LOC. 2:447; Fowler to Innes, March 4, 1807, Innes Papers, LOC.

54. Resolution of Kentucky House and Senate, February 17, 1808, Innes Papers, LOC. Resolution of Kentucky House and Senate, February 17, 1808, Innes Papers, LOC.

55. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 30910; Clay acted as one of Innes's attorneys. Street eventually had to leave the state to avoid paying the court costs incurred in the libel suit. Trial Transcript, Innes Papers, Filson; Anderson C. Quisenberry, 30910; Clay acted as one of Innes's attorneys. Street eventually had to leave the state to avoid paying the court costs incurred in the libel suit. Trial Transcript, Innes Papers, Filson; Anderson C. Quisenberry, The Life and Times of Hon. Humphrey Marshall The Life and Times of Hon. Humphrey Marshall (Winchester, KY: Sun Publishing, 1892), 79. (Winchester, KY: Sun Publishing, 1892), 79.

56. "Regulus" to the People, ca. July 9, 1808, "Regulus" to the People, ca. July 9, 1808, HCP HCP 1:36167. 1:36167.

57. National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, March 9, 1808, March 18, 1808. March 9, 1808, March 18, 1808.

58. Quisenberry, Quisenberry, Marshall, Marshall, 100; George D. Prentice, 100; George D. Prentice, Biography of Henry Clay Biography of Henry Clay (New York: John Jay Phelps, 1831), 42; Mayo, (New York: John Jay Phelps, 1831), 42; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 336. 336.

59. Amendment on Resolution on Foreign Relations, December 15, 1808, Debate on Foreign Relations, December 16, 1808, Further Amendment of Resolutions on Foreign Relations, December 16, 1808, Amendment on Resolution on Foreign Relations, December 15, 1808, Debate on Foreign Relations, December 16, 1808, Further Amendment of Resolutions on Foreign Relations, December 16, 1808, HCP HCP 1:38890; Van Deusen, 1:38890; Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 53; Marshall, 53; Marshall, History of Kentucky, History of Kentucky, 2:459, 462; Mayo, 2:459, 462; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 337. 337.

60. Quisenberry, Quisenberry, Marshall, Marshall, 100; Van Deusen, 100; Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 5354; Mayo, 5354; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 33738. 33738.

61. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 338. 338.

62. Clay to Marshall, January 4, 1809, Clay to Marshall, January 4, 1809, HCP HCP 1:397. 1:397.

63. For discussions of duels or affairs of honor during the antebellum period, see Joanne B. Freeman, For discussions of duels or affairs of honor during the antebellum period, see Joanne B. Freeman, Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001); Bertram Wyatt-Brown, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001); Bertram Wyatt-Brown, The Shaping of Southern Culture: Honor, Grace, and War, 1760s1890s The Shaping of Southern Culture: Honor, Grace, and War, 1760s1890s (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001); and Kenneth S. Greenberg, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001); and Kenneth S. Greenberg, Honor & Slavery: Lies, Duels, Noses, Masks, Dressing as a Woman, Gifts, Strangers, Humanitarianism, Death, Slave Rebellions, the Proslavery Argument, Baseball, Hunting, and Gambling in the Old South Honor & Slavery: Lies, Duels, Noses, Masks, Dressing as a Woman, Gifts, Strangers, Humanitarianism, Death, Slave Rebellions, the Proslavery Argument, Baseball, Hunting, and Gambling in the Old South (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996). (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996).

64. Marshall to Clay, January 4, 1809, Marshall to Clay, January 4, 1809, HCP HCP 1:39899; Quisenberry, 1:39899; Quisenberry, Marshall, Marshall, 102; Clay and Oberholtzer, 102; Clay and Oberholtzer, Clay, Clay, 50. 50.

65. Clay to Hart, January 4, 1809, Clay to Hart, January 4, 1809, HCP HCP 1:398; Charles Anderson Memoir, Filson. 1:398; Charles Anderson Memoir, Filson.

66. Montpelier Montpelier Vermont Patriot, Vermont Patriot, November 2, 1844. November 2, 1844.

67. Payne to Payne, January 18, January 21, 1809, Letters from DeVall Payne to Hannah Payne, Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection, University of Chicago Library; Mayo, Payne to Payne, January 18, January 21, 1809, Letters from DeVall Payne to Hannah Payne, Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection, University of Chicago Library; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 340; Clark, 340; Clark, Kentucky, Kentucky, 287; Remini, 287; Remini, Clay, Clay, 55. 55.

68. Clay and Oberholtzer, Clay and Oberholtzer, Clay, Clay, 50. 50.

69. Clay to Clark, January 19, 1809, Johnson to Clay, January 28, 1809, Barry to Clay, January 29, 1809, Resolution of Censure, January 24, 1809, Clay to Clark, January 19, 1809, Johnson to Clay, January 28, 1809, Barry to Clay, January 29, 1809, Resolution of Censure, January 24, 1809, HCP HCP 1:400402; Mayo, 1:400402; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 341. 341.

70. Van Deusen, Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 71; Remini, 71; Remini, Clay, Clay, 74; Mayo, 74; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 19495; for more on Ashland as a symbol, see Wendy S. Bright-Levy, "Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate, as House Museum: Private Home and Public Destination," M.A. thesis, University of Kentucky, 2008, and Eric Brooks, 19495; for more on Ashland as a symbol, see Wendy S. Bright-Levy, "Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate, as House Museum: Private Home and Public Destination," M.A. thesis, University of Kentucky, 2008, and Eric Brooks, Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2007). (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2007).

71. Smith and Clay, Smith and Clay, Clay Family, Clay Family, 127. 127.

72. Brown to Clay, September 16, 1804; Clay to Clay, March 10, 1814, Brown to Clay, September 16, 1804; Clay to Clay, March 10, 1814, HCP HCP 1:149, 87071; Lucretia Clay to Marshall and Harrison, September 18, 1856, Louisville 1:149, 87071; Lucretia Clay to Marshall and Harrison, September 18, 1856, Louisville Journal, Journal, reprinted in reprinted in New York Times, New York Times, September 26, 1856. The two surviving examples of Lucretia Clay's correspondence exist only as copies. The 1814 letter was loaned to Clay biographer Calvin Colton and never returned. Colton's careless disregard for returning loaned documents, in fact, strained his relationship with the family. Nor does Lucretia's 1856 letter to the September 26, 1856. The two surviving examples of Lucretia Clay's correspondence exist only as copies. The 1814 letter was loaned to Clay biographer Calvin Colton and never returned. Colton's careless disregard for returning loaned documents, in fact, strained his relationship with the family. Nor does Lucretia's 1856 letter to the Journal Journal exist in the original. We are grateful to Eric Brooks, head curator at Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate, for this information. exist in the original. We are grateful to Eric Brooks, head curator at Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate, for this information.

73. Brown to Clay, September 16, 1804, Assignment by Henry Watkins, December 5, 1808, Clay to Mercer, April 5, 1848, Brown to Clay, September 16, 1804, Assignment by Henry Watkins, December 5, 1808, Clay to Mercer, April 5, 1848, HCP HCP 1:149, 385, 10:424. Railey, 1:149, 385, 10:424. Railey, Woodford County, Woodford County, 176; Brown to Price, May 1, 1806, Price Papers. 176; Brown to Price, May 1, 1806, Price Papers.

74. Last Will and Testament of Thomas Hart, August 31, 1807, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers. Last Will and Testament of Thomas Hart, August 31, 1807, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers.

75. Henderson, "Transylvania Company," 241; Mayo, Henderson, "Transylvania Company," 241; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 218; Memorandum, July 26, 1810, Hart Papers; Benton to Clay, September 18, 1810, Clay to Shelby, December 2, 1809, 218; Memorandum, July 26, 1810, Hart Papers; Benton to Clay, September 18, 1810, Clay to Shelby, December 2, 1809, HCP HCP 1:427, 490. 1:427, 490.

76. Wade, Wade, Urban Frontier, Urban Frontier, 109; Friend, 109; Friend, Maysville Road, Maysville Road, 221; Van Deusen, 221; Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 30; Mayo, 30; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 197, 206. 197, 206.

77. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 343; Remini, 343; Remini, Clay, Clay, 58; Resignation from Kentucky House of Representatives, January 4, 1810, 58; Resignation from Kentucky House of Representatives, January 4, 1810, HCP HCP 1:3334. 1:3334.

78. National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, February 7, 1810; Clay to Thompson, March 14, 1810, February 7, 1810; Clay to Thompson, March 14, 1810, HCP HCP 1:458. 1:458.

79. Garnett to Randolph, January 9, 1810, Randolph to Garnett, March 20, 1810, Papers of John Randolph of Roanoke, UVA. Garnett to Randolph, January 9, 1810, Randolph to Garnett, March 20, 1810, Papers of John Randolph of Roanoke, UVA.

80. Reginald Horsman, Reginald Horsman, The Causes of the War of 1812 The Causes of the War of 1812 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1962), 181. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1962), 181.

81. Maryland Gazette, Maryland Gazette, February 28, 1810. February 28, 1810.

82. AC, AC, 11 Cong., 2 sess., 57982. 11 Cong., 2 sess., 57982.

83. Clay to Beatty, April 23, 1810, Clay to Unknown Recipient, March 21, 1810, Clay to Daveiss, April 19, 1810, Clay to Beatty, April 23, 1810, Clay to Unknown Recipient, March 21, 1810, Clay to Daveiss, April 19, 1810, HCP HCP 1:470, 11:1314; Gronert, "Blue-Grass Region," 31618. 1:470, 11:1314; Gronert, "Blue-Grass Region," 31618.

84. AC, AC, 11 Cong., 2 sess., 623, 62630; 11 Cong., 2 sess., 623, 62630; National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, April 6, 1810. April 6, 1810.

85. Raleigh Register and North Carolina Weekly Advertiser, Raleigh Register and North Carolina Weekly Advertiser, April 19, 1810; Van Deusen, April 19, 1810; Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 5960. 5960.

86. Clay to the Electors of the Fifth Congressional District, May 14, 1810, Clay to Beatty, May 31, 1810, Clay to the Electors of the Fifth Congressional District, May 14, 1810, Clay to Beatty, May 31, 1810, HCP HCP 1:471, 473; 1:471, 473; National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, August 24, 1810; Mayo, August 24, 1810; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 360; Remini, 360; Remini, Clay, Clay, 64. 64.

87. Clay to Rodney, August 6, 1810, ibid., 1:481. Clay to Rodney, August 6, 1810, ibid., 1:481.

88. Margaret Bayard Smith, Margaret Bayard Smith, The First Forty Years of Washington Society, The First Forty Years of Washington Society, edited by Gaillard Hunt (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1906), 8586. edited by Gaillard Hunt (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1906), 8586.

89. Clay to Ridgely, January 17, 1811, Clay to Ridgely, January 17, 1811, HCP HCP 11:16; Smith, 11:16; Smith, Forty Years, Forty Years, 86. 86.

90. AC, AC, 11 Cong., 3 sess., 4462; 11 Cong., 3 sess., 4462; National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, December 29, 1810. December 29, 1810.

91. AC, AC, 11 Cong., 3 sess., 6364. 11 Cong., 3 sess., 6364.

92. Ibid., 66; Mayo, Ibid., 66; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 370. 370.

93. AC, AC, 11 Cong., 3 sess., 6780; 11 Cong., 3 sess., 6780; National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, January 12, 1811; Octavius Pickering and Charles W. Upham January 12, 1811; Octavius Pickering and Charles W. Upham, The Life of Timothy Pickering, 4 volumes (Boston: Little, Brown, 18671873), 4:17582. 4 volumes (Boston: Little, Brown, 18671873), 4:17582.

94. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 371; Remini, 371; Remini, Clay, Clay, 67; Clay to Rodney, January 11, 1811, 67; Clay to Rodney, January 11, 1811, HCP HCP 1:522. 1:522.

95. Clay to Ridgely, January 17, 1811, Clay to Ridgely, January 17, 1811, HCP HCP 11:16. 11:16.

96. Richard Sylla et al., "Banks and State Public Finance in the New Republic: The United States, 17901860," Richard Sylla et al., "Banks and State Public Finance in the New Republic: The United States, 17901860," Journal of Economic History Journal of Economic History 47 (June 1987): 39293; Mayo, 47 (June 1987): 39293; Mayo, Clay, Clay, 375; Henry Adams, 375; Henry Adams, The Life of Albert Gallatin The Life of Albert Gallatin (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1879), 428; Lucius P. Little, (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1879), 428; Lucius P. Little, Ben Hardin: His Times and Contemporaries, with Selections from His Speeches Ben Hardin: His Times and Contemporaries, with Selections from His Speeches (Louisville, KY: Courier-Journal, 1887), 62. (Louisville, KY: Courier-Journal, 1887), 62.

97. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 375; Philip Jackson Green, 375; Philip Jackson Green, The Life of William Harris Crawford The Life of William Harris Crawford (Charlotte: University of North Carolina, 1965), 17; Adams, (Charlotte: University of North Carolina, 1965), 17; Adams, Gallatin, Gallatin, 428; Norman K. Risjord, 428; Norman K. Risjord, The Old Republicans: Southern Conservatism in the Age of Jefferson The Old Republicans: Southern Conservatism in the Age of Jefferson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1965), 113. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1965), 113.

98. Speech on the Bill to Recharter the Bank of the United States, February 15, 1811, Speech on the Bill to Recharter the Bank of the United States, February 15, 1811, HCP HCP 1:528. 1:528.

99. Ibid., 1:52939; Irving to Irving, February 16, 1811, Pierre M. Irving, Ibid., 1:52939; Irving to Irving, February 16, 1811, Pierre M. Irving, The Life and Letters of Washington Irving, The Life and Letters of Washington Irving, 3 volumes (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1883), 1:131. 3 volumes (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1883), 1:131.

100. Mayo, Mayo, Clay, Clay, 377; Remini, 377; Remini, Clay, Clay, 71; Evan Cornog, 71; Evan Cornog, The Birth of Empire: DeWitt Clinton and the American Experience, 17691828 The Birth of Empire: DeWitt Clinton and the American Experience, 17691828 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 94. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 94.

101. Clay to Rodney, April 29, 1811, Clay to Rodney, April 29, 1811, HCP HCP 1:557. 1:557.