5 '[13?] November 1635'. Worp, letter 1301. '[13?] November 1635'. Worp, letter 1301.

6 'Au camp soubs Philippine, le 2e de Juillet 1639' (Worp, letter 2149), and 14 November 1639 (Worp, letter 2272). 'Au camp soubs Philippine, le 2e de Juillet 1639' (Worp, letter 2149), and 14 November 1639 (Worp, letter 2272).

7 See K.A Ottenheym, 'De correspondentie tussen Rubens en Huygens over architectuur (163540)', See K.A Ottenheym, 'De correspondentie tussen Rubens en Huygens over architectuur (163540)', Bulletin Koninklijke Nederlandse Oudheidkundige Bond Bulletin Koninklijke Nederlandse Oudheidkundige Bond 1997, pp.111. 1997, pp.111.

8 Utricia Swann sang at Hofwijk in 1642, and Huygens wrote a poem of lavish praise of her singing, which put the nightingale to shame. T. van Strien and K. van der Leer, Utricia Swann sang at Hofwijk in 1642, and Huygens wrote a poem of lavish praise of her singing, which put the nightingale to shame. T. van Strien and K. van der Leer, Hofwijk: Het gedicht en de buitenplaats van Constantijn Huygens Hofwijk: Het gedicht en de buitenplaats van Constantijn Huygens (Zutphen: Walborg Pers, 2002), pp.823. (Zutphen: Walborg Pers, 2002), pp.823.

9 See Koen Ottenheym, '"Possessed by such a pa.s.sion for building": Frederik Hendrik and Architecture', in Keblusek and Zijlmans, See Koen Ottenheym, '"Possessed by such a pa.s.sion for building": Frederik Hendrik and Architecture', in Keblusek and Zijlmans, Princely Display Princely Display, pp.10525.

10 Ibid., pp.1215. See also J. Adamson (ed.), Ibid., pp.1215. See also J. Adamson (ed.), The Princely Courts of Europe 15001750 The Princely Courts of Europe 15001750 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999), p.130. (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999), p.130.

11 See L. Worsley, '"His magnificent buildings": William Cavendish's patronage of architecture', in Beneden and de Poorter, See L. Worsley, '"His magnificent buildings": William Cavendish's patronage of architecture', in Beneden and de Poorter, Royalist Refugees Royalist Refugees, pp.1014.

12 See above, See above, Chapter 3 Chapter 3. See also Held, 'Huygens and Baerle', p.662.

13 See P. Geyl, 'Frederick Henry of Orange and King Charles I', See P. Geyl, 'Frederick Henry of Orange and King Charles I', English Historical Review English Historical Review 38 (1923), 35583; 364. 38 (1923), 35583; 364.

14 15 February 1651. Worp, letter 5100. 15 February 1651. Worp, letter 5100.

15 To Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia. Worp, letter 5323. See also K. van der Leer, To Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia. Worp, letter 5323. See also K. van der Leer, Hofwijk: Het gedicht en de buitenplaats van Constantijn Huygens Hofwijk: Het gedicht en de buitenplaats van Constantijn Huygens (Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2002), p.89. (Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2002), p.89.

16 S. Schama, S. Schama, The Embarra.s.sment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age The Embarra.s.sment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age (1987). (1987).

17 P. Davidson and A. van der Weel (eds and trans.), P. Davidson and A. van der Weel (eds and trans.), A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens (15961687) A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens (15961687) (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1996), p.137. (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1996), p.137.

18 Ibid. Ibid.

19 Ibid., p.139. Ibid., p.139.

20 Ibid., pp.1513. Ibid., pp.1513.

21 2 June 1682. Worp, letter 7188. 2 June 1682. Worp, letter 7188.

22 Cit. Sellers, Cit. Sellers, Courtly Gardens in Holland Courtly Gardens in Holland, p.107.

23 Huygens to Utricia, Hofwijck, 5/15 September 1653. Huygens to Utricia, Hofwijck, 5/15 September 1653.

24 R. Strong, R. Strong, The Artist and the Garden The Artist and the Garden (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000), pp.1835. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000), pp.1835.

25 A.G.H. Bachrach and R.G. Collmer (eds), A.G.H. Bachrach and R.G. Collmer (eds), Lodewijk Huygens: The English Journal 16511652 Lodewijk Huygens: The English Journal 16511652 (Leiden: E.J. Brill/Leiden University Press, 1982), pp.1323. (Leiden: E.J. Brill/Leiden University Press, 1982), pp.1323.

26 A. Mollet, A. Mollet, Le Jardin de Plaisir, contenant plusieurs desseins de Jardinage tant Parterres en Broderie, Compartiments de gazon, que Eosquers, & autres Le Jardin de Plaisir, contenant plusieurs desseins de Jardinage tant Parterres en Broderie, Compartiments de gazon, que Eosquers, & autres (Stockholm: Henry Kayler, 1651), fol. D4v (author's translation). (Stockholm: Henry Kayler, 1651), fol. D4v (author's translation).

27 See L. Pattacini, 'Andre Mollet, Royal gardener in St James's Park, London', See L. Pattacini, 'Andre Mollet, Royal gardener in St James's Park, London', Garden History Garden History 26 (1998), 318. 26 (1998), 318.

28 Sellers, Sellers, Courtly Gardens in Holland Courtly Gardens in Holland, p.170.

29 Cit. J.D. Hunt, 'AngloDutch garden art', in D. Hoak and M. Feingold (eds), Cit. J.D. Hunt, 'AngloDutch garden art', in D. Hoak and M. Feingold (eds), The World of William and Mary: AngloDutch Perspectives on the Revolution of 168889 The World of William and Mary: AngloDutch Perspectives on the Revolution of 168889 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), pp.1967. (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), pp.1967.

30 Cit. ibid., p.195. Cit. ibid., p.195.

31 Cit. Davidson and van der Weel, Cit. Davidson and van der Weel, A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens, p.199.

32 J. Evelyn, J. Evelyn, Sylva Sylva (1664), p.115, cit. S.M. Couch, 'The practice of avenue planting in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries', (1664), p.115, cit. S.M. Couch, 'The practice of avenue planting in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries', Garden History Garden History 20 (1992), 173200; 176. 20 (1992), 173200; 176.

33 Evelyn, Evelyn, Sylva Sylva (1644), p.13. (1644), p.13.

34 Christiaan Huygens, Christiaan Huygens, Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 4, p.176. 4, p.176.

35 14/24 September 1676. Worp, letter 7032. 14/24 September 1676. Worp, letter 7032.

36 This is the distinguished Orangeist diplomatic family, living in The Hague, into which Alexander Bruce married in 1659. See above, This is the distinguished Orangeist diplomatic family, living in The Hague, into which Alexander Bruce married in 1659. See above, Chapter 5 Chapter 5.

37 See above, See above, Chapter 2 Chapter 2.

38 F.R.E. Blom (ed.), F.R.E. Blom (ed.), Constantijn Huygens: Journaal van de Reis naar Venetie Constantijn Huygens: Journaal van de Reis naar Venetie (Amsterdam: Prometheus publishers, 2003), p.64 (author's translation). (Amsterdam: Prometheus publishers, 2003), p.64 (author's translation).

39 Ibid., pp.646. Ibid., pp.646.

40 J. Cats, J. Cats, Ouderdom, buyten-leven en hof-gedachten, op Sorghvliet Ouderdom, buyten-leven en hof-gedachten, op Sorghvliet (Amsterdam: J.J. Schipper, 1656), pp.1415, cit. V. Bezemer Sellers, (Amsterdam: J.J. Schipper, 1656), pp.1415, cit. V. Bezemer Sellers, Courtly Gardens in Holland 16001650 Courtly Gardens in Holland 16001650 (Amsterdam: Architectura & Natura Press, 2001), p.12. (Amsterdam: Architectura & Natura Press, 2001), p.12.

41 Sellers, Sellers, Courtly Gardens in Holland Courtly Gardens in Holland, p.9.

9: Paradise on Earth

1 See Koen Ottenheym, '"Possessed by such a pa.s.sion for building": Frederik Hendrik and Architecture', in Keblusek and Zijlmans, See Koen Ottenheym, '"Possessed by such a pa.s.sion for building": Frederik Hendrik and Architecture', in Keblusek and Zijlmans, Princely Display Princely Display, pp.10525; pp.11116.

2 See Sellers, See Sellers, Courtly Gardens in Holland Courtly Gardens in Holland, pp.1559.

3 Ibid., p.29. Ibid., p.29.

4 Evelyn, Evelyn, Sylva Sylva (1664). (1664).

5 J. Korthals-Altes, J. Korthals-Altes, Sir Cornelius Vermuyden Sir Cornelius Vermuyden (The Hague: W.P. van Stock.u.m & Son, 1925). (The Hague: W.P. van Stock.u.m & Son, 1925).

6 C. Roberts, 'The Earl of Bedford and the coming of the English Revolution', C. Roberts, 'The Earl of Bedford and the coming of the English Revolution', Journal of Modern History Journal of Modern History 49 (1977), 60016. 49 (1977), 60016.

7 For an account of van Baerle's relationship with Constantijn Huygens see T. Verbeek, E.-J. Bos and J. van den Ven (eds), 'The Correspondence of Rene Descartes 1643', For an account of van Baerle's relationship with Constantijn Huygens see T. Verbeek, E.-J. Bos and J. van den Ven (eds), 'The Correspondence of Rene Descartes 1643', Questiones Infinitae: Publications of the Department of Philosophy Utrecht University Questiones Infinitae: Publications of the Department of Philosophy Utrecht University, 45 (2003), 2467.

8 C.D. Van Strien, C.D. Van Strien, British Travellers in Holland during the Stuart Period: Edward Browne and John Locke as Tourists in the United Provinces British Travellers in Holland during the Stuart Period: Edward Browne and John Locke as Tourists in the United Provinces (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1993), p.149. (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1993), p.149.

9 Cit. E. Den Hartog and C. Teune, 'Gaspar f.a.gel (163388): his garden and plant collection at Leeuwenhorst', Cit. E. Den Hartog and C. Teune, 'Gaspar f.a.gel (163388): his garden and plant collection at Leeuwenhorst', Garden History Garden History 30 (2002), 191205; 194. 30 (2002), 191205; 194.

10 See Andriesse, See Andriesse, Huygens Huygens, pp.1812.

11 22 April 1660, 'Aan de Hertogin van Lotharingen'. Worp, letter 5644. 22 April 1660, 'Aan de Hertogin van Lotharingen'. Worp, letter 5644.