5 On the Duarte family and its art collections see Edgar Samuel, 'The disposal of Diego Duarte's Stock of Paintings 16921697', On the Duarte family and its art collections see Edgar Samuel, 'The disposal of Diego Duarte's Stock of Paintings 16921697', Jaarboek Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kusten-Antwerpen Jaarboek Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kusten-Antwerpen (1976); 'Manuel Levy Duarte (16311714): An Amsterdam Merchant Jeweller and his Trade with London', (1976); 'Manuel Levy Duarte (16311714): An Amsterdam Merchant Jeweller and his Trade with London', Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England XXVII, 1131. See also G. Dogaer, XXVII, 1131. See also G. Dogaer, Jaarboek Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kusten-Antwerpen Jaarboek Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kusten-Antwerpen (1971), for the 1683 inventory of the Duarte picture collection. (1971), for the 1683 inventory of the Duarte picture collection.

6 See entry for Gaspar Duarte on the website of the Joods Historische Museum of Amsterdam: http://www.jhm.nl/. See entry for Gaspar Duarte on the website of the Joods Historische Museum of Amsterdam: http://www.jhm.nl/.

7 'Anvers, ce 24e de Mars 1641'. Gaspar Duarte to Huygens. Worp, letter 2677. 'Anvers, ce 24e de Mars 1641'. Gaspar Duarte to Huygens. Worp, letter 2677.

8 J. Duarte to Huygens, 7 April 1641. Worp, letter 2686. J. Duarte to Huygens, 7 April 1641. Worp, letter 2686.

9 G.F. Duarte to Huygens, 21 April 1641. Worp, letter 2677. G.F. Duarte to Huygens, 21 April 1641. Worp, letter 2677.

10 G.F. Duarte to Huygens, 9 May 1641. Worp, letter 2703. G.F. Duarte to Huygens, 9 May 1641. Worp, letter 2703.

11 I owe this connection to Nadine Akkerman, who is editing the letters of Elizabeth of Bohemia, for whom Wicquefort also worked. I owe this connection to Nadine Akkerman, who is editing the letters of Elizabeth of Bohemia, for whom Wicquefort also worked.

12 9 sterling = 100 Dutch guilders. 9 sterling = 100 Dutch guilders.

13 See Marika Keblusek, 'Mary, princess royal (16311660)', See Marika Keblusek, 'Mary, princess royal (16311660)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com.catalogue.ulrls. lon.ac.uk:80/view/article/18252, accessed 9 April 2007].

14 See below, See below, Chapter 8 Chapter 8.

15 See G. Dogaer, 'De inventaris der schilderijen van Diego Duarte', See G. Dogaer, 'De inventaris der schilderijen van Diego Duarte', Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor schone Kunsten Antwerpen Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor schone Kunsten Antwerpen (1971), 195221; 203. (1971), 195221; 203.

16 21 July 1648. Worp, letter 4845. On Huygens and the de Barres, see J. Tiersot, 'Une famille de musiciens francais au XVIIe siecle les de Barre. III. Les enfants de Pierre. Anne de la Barre. chez Huygens', 21 July 1648. Worp, letter 4845. On Huygens and the de Barres, see J. Tiersot, 'Une famille de musiciens francais au XVIIe siecle les de Barre. III. Les enfants de Pierre. Anne de la Barre. chez Huygens', Revue de musicologie Revue de musicologie 9 (1928), 111; 7. 9 (1928), 111; 7.

17 31 July 1648. Worp, letter 4850. 31 July 1648. Worp, letter 4850.

18 Tiersot, 'Une famille de musiciens francais', pp.79 (not in Worp). Tiersot, 'Une famille de musiciens francais', pp.79 (not in Worp).

19 30 January 1653. Worp, letter 5271. 30 January 1653. Worp, letter 5271.

20 C. Huygens, 'Dessein de l'entree du ballet presente a la reine de Boheme a la Haye', in Huygens, C. Huygens, 'Dessein de l'entree du ballet presente a la reine de Boheme a la Haye', in Huygens, Otiorum libri s.e.x Otiorum libri s.e.x (The Hague, 1625), pp.4954. (The Hague, 1625), pp.4954.

21 Cit. M. Keblusek, '"A divertissiment of little plays": Theater aan de Haagse hoven van Elizabeth van Bohemen en Mary Stuart', in J. de Jongste, J. Roding and B. Thijs (eds), Cit. M. Keblusek, '"A divertissiment of little plays": Theater aan de Haagse hoven van Elizabeth van Bohemen en Mary Stuart', in J. de Jongste, J. Roding and B. Thijs (eds), Vermaak van de elite in de vroegmoderne tijd Vermaak van de elite in de vroegmoderne tijd (Hilversum: Verloren, 1999), pp.190202; 198. (Hilversum: Verloren, 1999), pp.190202; 198.

22 N.N.W. Akkerman and P.R. Sellin, 'A Stuart Masque in Holland, Ballet de la Carmesse de La Haye (1655)', Parts 1 and 2, N.N.W. Akkerman and P.R. Sellin, 'A Stuart Masque in Holland, Ballet de la Carmesse de La Haye (1655)', Parts 1 and 2, Ben Jonson Journal Ben Jonson Journal 11 (2004), 20758; 227 and 12 (2005), 14164. 11 (2004), 20758; 227 and 12 (2005), 14164.

23 Ibid., Part 1, p.227. Ibid., Part 1, p.227.

24 Ibid., p.228. Ibid., p.228.

25 Ibid., p.229. Ibid., p.229.

26 Ibid., p.231. Ibid., p.231.

27 On such entertainments see M. Keblusek, '"A divertissment of little plays": Theater aan de Haagse hoven van Elizabeth van Bohemen en Mary Stuart', in J.A.F. de Jongste et al., On such entertainments see M. Keblusek, '"A divertissment of little plays": Theater aan de Haagse hoven van Elizabeth van Bohemen en Mary Stuart', in J.A.F. de Jongste et al., Vermaak van de Elite in de Vroegmoderne Tijd Vermaak van de Elite in de Vroegmoderne Tijd (Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren, 1999). (Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren, 1999).

28 See N.N.W. Akkerman, See N.N.W. Akkerman, The Letters of the Queen of Bohemia The Letters of the Queen of Bohemia (unpublished dissertation, Free University of Amsterdam, 2008). (unpublished dissertation, Free University of Amsterdam, 2008).

29 Akkerman and Sellin, 'A Stuart Masque in Holland', Part 2, 158. Akkerman and Sellin, 'A Stuart Masque in Holland', Part 2, 158.

30 Ibid., pp.1423. Ibid., pp.1423.

31 For Huygens's musical dealings with Brussels, see R. Rasch, 'Constantijn Huygens in Brussel op bezoek bij Leopold Wilhelm van Oostenrijk 16481656', For Huygens's musical dealings with Brussels, see R. Rasch, 'Constantijn Huygens in Brussel op bezoek bij Leopold Wilhelm van Oostenrijk 16481656', Revue belge de Musicologie Revue belge de Musicologie/Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Muziekwetenschap 55, 'six siecles de vie musicale a Bruxelles/Zes eeuwen muziekleven te Brussel' (2001), 12746. 55, 'six siecles de vie musicale a Bruxelles/Zes eeuwen muziekleven te Brussel' (2001), 12746.

32 See Lynn Hulse, 'Cavendish, William, first Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (bap. 1593, d. 1676)', See Lynn Hulse, 'Cavendish, William, first Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (bap. 1593, d. 1676)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com.catalogue.ulrls.lon.ac.uk:80/view/article/4946, accessed 9 April 2007].

33 See above, See above, Chapter 4 Chapter 4.

34 In October 1648 Frederik Na.s.sau-Zuijlenstein (natural son of Frederik Hendrik) married Mary Killigrew, lady-in-waiting to Mary Stuart, at The Hague, and there was a large gathering of English n.o.bility. In October 1648 Frederik Na.s.sau-Zuijlenstein (natural son of Frederik Hendrik) married Mary Killigrew, lady-in-waiting to Mary Stuart, at The Hague, and there was a large gathering of English n.o.bility.

35 K. Whitaker, K. Whitaker, Mad Madge: Margaret Cavendish, d.u.c.h.ess of Newcastle, Royalist, Writer and Romantic Mad Madge: Margaret Cavendish, d.u.c.h.ess of Newcastle, Royalist, Writer and Romantic (London: Chatto & Windus, 2003), p.113. (London: Chatto & Windus, 2003), p.113.

36 On Bolsover see T. Mowl, On Bolsover see T. Mowl, Architecture Without Kings: The Rise of Puritan Cla.s.sicism under Cromwell Architecture Without Kings: The Rise of Puritan Cla.s.sicism under Cromwell (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995), pp.1679. See also T. Raylor, '"Pleasure reconciled to virtue": William Cavendish, Ben Jonson, and the decorative scheme at Bolsover Castle', (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995), pp.1679. See also T. Raylor, '"Pleasure reconciled to virtue": William Cavendish, Ben Jonson, and the decorative scheme at Bolsover Castle', Renaissance Quarterly Renaissance Quarterly 52 (1999), 40239. 52 (1999), 40239.

37 L. Worsley, U. Harting and M. Keblusek, 'Horsemanship', in Beneden and de Poorter, L. Worsley, U. Harting and M. Keblusek, 'Horsemanship', in Beneden and de Poorter, Royalist Refugees Royalist Refugees, pp.3754.

38 J. Knowles, '"We've lost, should we lose too our harmless mirth?" Cavendish's Antwerp Entertainments', in ibid., pp.707. J. Knowles, '"We've lost, should we lose too our harmless mirth?" Cavendish's Antwerp Entertainments', in ibid., pp.707.

39 On Lanier's career in the household of Charles I see J. Brotton, On Lanier's career in the household of Charles I see J. Brotton, The Sale of the Late King's Goods The Sale of the Late King's Goods (London: Macmillan, 2006). (London: Macmillan, 2006).

40 Knowles, 'We've lost, should we lose too our harmless mirth?', p.77. Knowles, 'We've lost, should we lose too our harmless mirth?', p.77.

41 5/15 September 1653. 5/15 September 1653.

42 Huygens to Margaret Cavendish, 9/19 September 1671. On this exchange of letters see now N.N.W. Akkerman and Marguerite Corporaal, 'Mad Science Beyond Flattery: The Correspondence of Margaret Cavendish and Constantijn Huygens', Huygens to Margaret Cavendish, 9/19 September 1671. On this exchange of letters see now N.N.W. Akkerman and Marguerite Corporaal, 'Mad Science Beyond Flattery: The Correspondence of Margaret Cavendish and Constantijn Huygens', Early Modern Literary Studies Early Modern Literary Studies Special Issue 14 (May, 2004), 2.121 [http://purl.oclc.org/emls/si-14/akkecorp.html]. Special Issue 14 (May, 2004), 2.121 [http://purl.oclc.org/emls/si-14/akkecorp.html].

43 Huygens included some poems in English (now lost). Huygens included some poems in English (now lost).

44 Antwerp, 20 March 1657. Antwerp, 20 March 1657.

45 27 March 1657. 27 March 1657.

46 30 March 1657. 30 March 1657.

47 L. Brodsley, C. Frank and J.W. Steeds, 'Prince Rupert's drops', L. Brodsley, C. Frank and J.W. Steeds, 'Prince Rupert's drops', Notes and Records of the Royal Society Notes and Records of the Royal Society 41 (1986), 126. 41 (1986), 126.

48 This report was published by Christopher Merrett as an appendix to his translation of Antonio Neri's This report was published by Christopher Merrett as an appendix to his translation of Antonio Neri's Art of Gla.s.s Art of Gla.s.s (1662), pp.35362. (1662), pp.35362.

49 R. Hooke, 'Observatiion vii. Of some Phaenomena of Gla.s.s Drops', R. Hooke, 'Observatiion vii. Of some Phaenomena of Gla.s.s Drops', Micrographia or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies made by Magnifying Gla.s.ses with Observation and Inquiries thereupon Micrographia or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies made by Magnifying Gla.s.ses with Observation and Inquiries thereupon (London, 1665), pp.3344. (London, 1665), pp.3344.

8: Masters of All They Survey

1 For a vivid sense of the new consumer culture getting under way in the course of the seventeenth century, see J. Styles and A. Vickery (eds), For a vivid sense of the new consumer culture getting under way in the course of the seventeenth century, see J. Styles and A. Vickery (eds), Gender, Taste, and Material Culture in Britain and North America, 17001830 Gender, Taste, and Material Culture in Britain and North America, 17001830 (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2006). (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2006).

2 See H.J. Louw, 'AngloNetherlandish architectural interchange c.1600c.1660', See H.J. Louw, 'AngloNetherlandish architectural interchange c.1600c.1660', Architectural History Architectural History 24 (1981), 123. 24 (1981), 123.

3 See PRO, WORK 5/2; D. Knoop and G.P. Jones, See PRO, WORK 5/2; D. Knoop and G.P. Jones, The London Mason in the Seventeenth Century The London Mason in the Seventeenth Century (1935), 71; H. Colvin, (1935), 71; H. Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 16001840 A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 16001840, 3rd edn (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995), p.299.

4 K. Ottenheym, '"Possessed by such a pa.s.sion for building", Frederik Hendrik and architecture', in Keblusek and Zijlmans, K. Ottenheym, '"Possessed by such a pa.s.sion for building", Frederik Hendrik and architecture', in Keblusek and Zijlmans, Princely Display Princely Display, pp.10525; p.110.