Ch'an: belief system founded by Bodhidharma in the sixth century in China, combining elements of Indian Buddhism and Chinese Taoism and known in j.a.pan as Zen.
Ch'ang-an: T'ang Chinese capital which was the model for the
original j.a.panese capital at Nara.
_cha-no-yu_: j.a.panese tea ceremony, which became the vehicle for the preservation of Zen aesthetic theory.
_chigai-dana_: decorative shelf system in traditional j.a.panese houses which was borrowed from storage cabinets in Ch'an monasteries.i
_chinzo_: realistic polychromatic character studes of Zen masters.
Chojiro (1515-1592): first great _raku _potter and founder of _raku _dynasty.
_choka_: early j.a.panese poetry form, longer than Haiku.
Chuang Tzu: traditionally a fourth century B.C. Taoist.
_daimyo_: feudal governor of a domain, who often retained a force of _samurai_.
Daisen-in: temple which is the site of a famous Zen stone garden
in Kyoto.
Daitoku-ji: major Zen monastery in Kyoto, site of Daisin-in temple.
_dharma_: term denoting the universal order of the universe. _dhyana_: Sanskrit term for meditation, corrupted to "Ch'an" in
Chinese and "Zen" in j.a.panese.
Dogen (1200-1253): priest who introduced Soto sect of Zen to
j.a.pan, founding a temple in 1236.
Eisai (1141-121 5): founder of Rinzai sect of Zen in j.a.pan (1191).
_en_: Heian aesthetic term meaning charming, sprightly.
_engawa_: outer walkway around traditional j.a.panese house, between amado and shoji.
_eta_: formerly outcast cla.s.s in j.a.pan because of a.s.sociation with
meat and hides industry.
_fusuma_: sliding part.i.tions in the traditional j.a.panese house.
Gautama: original name of the Buddha.
_genkan_: portico in the traditional house where shoes are removed.
Ginkaku-ji: "Silver Pavilion" built by Yoshimasa in 1482.
G.o.daigo: ill-fated emperor who reigned from 1318 to 1339 and
attempted to restore genuine imperial rule.
Gozan: five most important Zen monasteries, or "Five Mountains," which in Kyoto were Tenryu-ji, Shokoku-ji, Tof.u.ku-ji, Kennin-ji, and Manju- ji.
_haboku_: "broken ink" style of monochrome painting.
_haikai_: Early name for poetic form now known as Haiku.
_Haiku_: verse form consisting of seventeen syllables.
Hakuin (1685-1768): Zen teacher of Tokugawa period who revived Rinzai sect.
_haniwa_: clay sculpture of the pre-Buddhist period.
_harakiri_: ritual suicide, more politely known as seppuku.
Heian: Period of indigenous aristocratic culture.
_hibachi_: small brazier heater in the traditional j.a.panese house.
Hideyori (1593-1615): son of Hideyoshi, committed suicide when defeated by Tokugawa Ievasu.
Hideyoshi (1536-1598): general who a.s.sumed control of j.a.pan after Oda n.o.bunaga was murdered and who inspired Momoyama age of j.a.panese art.
Hinayana: more traditional form of j.a.panese Buddhism, which is practiced in Southeast Asia.
_hinoki_: j.a.panese cypress.
Hojo: regents who dominated the Kamakura period of j.a.panese history
_hokku_: first three lines of a renga, or linked verse, which later came to be written alone as a Haiku.
Honen (1133-1212): founder of the Jodo or Pure Land sect
(1175)
Hosokawa: clan which served as advisers and regents for the Ashikaga.
Hsia Kuei (active ca. 1180-1230): Southern Sung Chinese painter whose stvle strongly influenced later Zen artists in j.a.pan.
Hui-k'o (487-593): Second Patriarch of Chinese Ch'an, said to have cut off his arm to attract Bodhidharma's notice.
Hui-neng (638-713): Sixth Patriarch of Ch'an and founder of the Southern school of Ch'an which was transmitted to j.a.pan.
Hung-jen (605-675): Fifth Patriarch of Ch'an and teacher of Hui-neng.
Ievasu (1542-1616): founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled j.a.pan from 1615 to 1868.
Ikebana: j.a.panese flower arranging.