94. Thomas Lee to Henry F. Pringle, PRI.n. See also Pri.44. Thomas Lee to Henry F. Pringle, PRI.n. See also Pri.44.

95. Mor.44. Mor.44.

96. TR.Pri.Di. Apr. 1, 1880; Cut.27; Pri.43; TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 25, 1880; Put.185; ib., fn.; Mor.43. TR.Pri.Di. Apr. 1, 1880; Cut.27; Pri.43; TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 25, 1880; Put.185; ib., fn.; Mor.43.

97. Pri.434. Pri.434.

98. Mor.42; Grant, Mor.42; Grant, "Seventies." "Seventies."

99. Qu. Wis. 1415. Qu. Wis. 1415.

100. Wis.15. Wis.15.

101. Ib. Ib.

102. Ib. Ib.

103. Mor.45 ff., with TR.Pri.Di. Mor.45 ff., with TR.Pri.Di. passim passim, form the basis of this paragraph.

104. See also Roosevelt, Nicholas, See also Roosevelt, Nicholas, TR: The Man as I Knew Him TR: The Man as I Knew Him (Dodd, Mead, 1967) 99 on TR's highly individual tennis style. TR.Pri.Di. July 29, 1880. (Dodd, Mead, 1967) 99 on TR's highly individual tennis style. TR.Pri.Di. July 29, 1880.

105. Ib., Mar. 25, 1880. Ib., Mar. 25, 1880.

106. Thayer, Thayer, TR TR, 201.

107. Welling, "Harvard," offers the most detailed (and negative) analysis of TR's thesis. Welling, "Harvard," offers the most detailed (and negative) analysis of TR's thesis.

108. Qu. ib. Qu. ib.

109. Laughlin, "Harvard," 394. Laughlin, "Harvard," 394.

110. See Wag.8790. TR's thesis qu. Welling, "Harvard." See Wag.8790. TR's thesis qu. Welling, "Harvard."

111. Put.184; Put.184; Harvard Register Harvard Register, July 1880, 1434; TR.Pri.Di. June 30, 1880. TR's marks in his senior year were lower than those of previous years, but high enough to win him his Phi Beta Kappa key. There had been an attrition of 20 students in his class. In later life TR made light of his academic career, saying only that he was "a reasonably good student"; but as one classmate pointed out, his overall average matched those of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Oliver Wendell Holmes. TR.Auto.25; Wilhelm, Donald, TR as an Undergraduate TR as an Undergraduate (Luce, 1910) 24. On this Commencement Day, Henry Cabot Lodge marched in the procession as a Marshal, and John D. Long gave the main address. (Luce, 1910) 24. On this Commencement Day, Henry Cabot Lodge marched in the procession as a Marshal, and John D. Long gave the main address.

112. TR.Pri.Di. June 29, 1880. TR.Pri.Di. June 29, 1880.

113. Put.198, Hag.Boy.63; Woo.118. TR kept the secret for thirty-five years. Not until January 1915 did he admit to an old classmate that "when he left college the doctors warned him of weakness of the heart." Put.198, Hag.Boy.63; Woo.118. TR kept the secret for thirty-five years. Not until January 1915 did he admit to an old classmate that "when he left college the doctors warned him of weakness of the heart."

114. Hag.Boy.63; TR.Pri.Di. Feb. 10, 1880. Hag.Boy.63; TR.Pri.Di. Feb. 10, 1880.

115. Ib., July 1, 1880. Ib., July 1, 1880.

116. Ib., July 4, 1880. Ib., July 4, 1880.

117. Hag.RF.6; TR, Hag.RF.6; TR, Notes on Some of the Birds of Oyster Bay; Notes on Some of the Birds of Oyster Bay; Natural History Notes, Natural History Notes, passim; passim; Mor.73. Mor.73.

118. Qu. Put.200. Qu. Put.200.

119. Mor.45. Mor.45.

120. She managed to take enough time off to win the Mount Desert Ladies' Tennis Tournament. She managed to take enough time off to win the Mount Desert Ladies' Tennis Tournament.

121. Qu. Put.199. Qu. Put.199.

122. Put.201 ff.; Rob.113; qu. Put.205. Put.201 ff.; Rob.113; qu. Put.205.

123. TR to MBR, Aug. 25, 1880; Mor.46. TR to MBR, Aug. 25, 1880; Mor.46.

124. TR to B, Sep. 2, 1880 (TRB). TR to B, Sep. 2, 1880 (TRB).

125. TR.Pri.Di. Sep. 1880, TR.Pri.Di. Sep. 1880, passim; passim; Put.2057. E to B, Sep. 12, 1880: "I think he misses Alice poor dear old beloved brother. But I try to keep him at something else all the time." Put.2057. E to B, Sep. 12, 1880: "I think he misses Alice poor dear old beloved brother. But I try to keep him at something else all the time."

126. Mor.46. Mor.46.

127. Put.208. Put.208.

128. Qu. Put.209. Qu. Put.209.

129. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 6, 1880. This paragraph based on: TR to MBR, Oct. 21, 1880 (TRB); qu. Put.209; ib., 210. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 6, 1880. This paragraph based on: TR to MBR, Oct. 21, 1880 (TRB); qu. Put.209; ib., 210.

130. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 13, 1880. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 13, 1880.

5: THE P POLITICAL H HACK.

Important sources not in Bibliography: 1. Letters to and from the Roosevelt family and Elliott Roosevelt, traveling in Europe and the Orient, 18801881, in FDR. 1. Letters to and from the Roosevelt family and Elliott Roosevelt, traveling in Europe and the Orient, 18801881, in FDR.

1. Par.43; Put.210 and fn. Par.43; Put.210 and fn.

2. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 27, 1880. TR's college Bible is marked at the following passage in Prov. V: "Let thy fountain be blessed; and rejoice with the wife of thy youth." TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 27, 1880. TR's college Bible is marked at the following passage in Prov. V: "Let thy fountain be blessed; and rejoice with the wife of thy youth."

3. Ib.; TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 28, 1880; Put.209. Ib.; TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 28, 1880; Put.209.

4. TR to B, Nov. 10, 1880; Mor.47; TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 4, 1880. TR to B, Nov. 10, 1880; Mor.47; TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 4, 1880.

5. Ib. Ib.

6. Ib., Nov. 19, 1880. Ib., Nov. 19, 1880.

7. Ib., Nov. 134, 1880. Elliott Roosevelt was not there: he had left on Nov. 7 for an extended tour of Europe and the Orient. See Las. and Roosevelt, Eleanor, ed., Ib., Nov. 134, 1880. Elliott Roosevelt was not there: he had left on Nov. 7 for an extended tour of Europe and the Orient. See Las. and Roosevelt, Eleanor, ed., Hunting Big Game in the Eighties Hunting Big Game in the Eighties (Scribners, 1933) for accounts of his travels. (Scribners, 1933) for accounts of his travels.

8. TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 18, 1881; qu. Rii.367. TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 18, 1881; qu. Rii.367.

9. Put.217. Put.217.

10. TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 17, 1880; MBR to E, Nov. 27, 1880 (FDR). TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 17, 1880; MBR to E, Nov. 27, 1880 (FDR).

11. Film footage preserved in the Library of Congress documents TR's rapid walking style. Film footage preserved in the Library of Congress documents TR's rapid walking style.

12. TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 17, 1880; Bigelow, Poultney, TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 17, 1880; Bigelow, Poultney, Seventy Summers Seventy Summers (London, 1925) 273; Bar Association of New York, (London, 1925) 273; Bar Association of New York, In Memoriam Theodore William Dwight In Memoriam Theodore William Dwight (1892). (1892).

13. Put.217; Bigelow, Put.217; Bigelow, Summers Summers, 273; Bar Assoc., Dwight, passim; Dwight, passim; "Life in the old Law School," "Life in the old Law School," Columbia Spectator Columbia Spectator, Nov. 1, 1878.

14. Bigelow, Bigelow, Summers Summers, 273; Put.218; Bar Assoc., Dwight, passim Dwight, passim.

15. Put.2189; TR.Auto.55; Bigelow, Put.2189; TR.Auto.55; Bigelow, Summers Summers, 273.

16. Bigelow, Bigelow, Summers Summers, 2734.

17. Put.219; Joseph A. Lawson in New York State, Put.219; Joseph A. Lawson in New York State, A Memorial to TR A Memorial to TR (1919), 53. TR's law notebooks are preserved in the Columbia Law Library (7 vols.). (1919), 53. TR's law notebooks are preserved in the Columbia Law Library (7 vols.).

18. TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 17, 1880 and TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 17, 1880 and passim; passim; Put.219; TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 4, 1880. Put.219; TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 4, 1880.

19. Put.221; TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 24, 1881. Put.221; TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 24, 1881.

20. Ib., May 2, 1881; Put.220. TR's other "literary project" was a beautifully written account of an ornithological sailing expedition during which he and Elliott came near to death in a storm. Entitled Ib., May 2, 1881; Put.220. TR's other "literary project" was a beautifully written account of an ornithological sailing expedition during which he and Elliott came near to death in a storm. Entitled Sou' Sou' Southerly Sou' Sou' Southerly, it was completed in March 1881 but remained unpublished in TR's lifetime. It finally saw light in Gray's Sporting Journal Gray's Sporting Journal 13 (1988) 3. 13 (1988) 3.

21. TR.Auto.24. TR.Auto.24.

22. See TR.Wks.VI for the complete text of See TR.Wks.VI for the complete text of Naval War Naval War. See also "Roosevelt as Historian" in Evening Post Evening Post (N.Y.) Jan. 25, 1919. (N.Y.) Jan. 25, 1919.

23. Naval War Naval War, ch. 1; MBR to E, Nov. 27, 1880.

24. TR.Pri.Di. TR.Pri.Di. passim passim and Jan. 3, 1881; Brown, H. C., ed., and Jan. 3, 1881; Brown, H. C., ed., New York in the Elegant Eighties: Valentine's Manual of Old New York New York in the Elegant Eighties: Valentine's Manual of Old New York (NY, 1927) (NY, 1927) passim; passim; TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 22, 1880; MBR to E, Dec. 4, 1880 (FDR); Brown, TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 22, 1880; MBR to E, Dec. 4, 1880 (FDR); Brown, Valentine's Valentine's, 6.

25. Put.228; Churchill, Allen, Put.228; Churchill, Allen, The Splendor Seekers The Splendor Seekers (Grosset & Dunlap, 1974) 63; (Grosset & Dunlap, 1974) 63; New York Times New York Times, Dec. 9, 1880; TR to E, Dec. 6, 1880 (FDR).

26. O'Connor, Richard, O'Connor, Richard, The Golden Summers The Golden Summers (Putnam, 1974) 501; MBR to E, Dec. 10, 1880, and Jan. 2, 12, 1881. TR was greatly amused when Mrs. Astor, hearing of the death of the Tsar later in the season, remarked, "Mr. Roosevelt, they are attacking (Putnam, 1974) 501; MBR to E, Dec. 10, 1880, and Jan. 2, 12, 1881. TR was greatly amused when Mrs. Astor, hearing of the death of the Tsar later in the season, remarked, "Mr. Roosevelt, they are attacking us us all over the world." (Mor.130) TR.Pri.Di. Jan. 6, 1881; O'Connor, all over the world." (Mor.130) TR.Pri.Di. Jan. 6, 1881; O'Connor, Summers Summers, 556.

27. TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 1880-Feb. 1881; ib., Dec. 11, 1880. TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 1880-Feb. 1881; ib., Dec. 11, 1880.

28. Unidentified contributor to Unidentified contributor to Harper's Weekly Harper's Weekly, Oct. 19, 1901.

29. Brown, Brown, Valentine's, passim Valentine's, passim.

30. Churchill, Churchill, Seekers Seekers, 68; TR.Pri.Di. Jan. 6, 1881.

31. Wis.24. Wis.24.

32. Leary int., FRE.; TR.Auto.57; Abbot, Lawrence F., Leary int., FRE.; TR.Auto.57; Abbot, Lawrence F., Impressions of TR Impressions of TR (Doubleday, 1919) 3637. (Doubleday, 1919) 3637.

33. Ib., Pri.59. Morton Hall stood on the south side of 59th St. between Fifth and Madison avenues. The 21st District comprised the area between Seventh and Lexington from 40th to 59th Street south, and between 8th and Lexington from 59th Street north to 86th. Ib., Pri.59. Morton Hall stood on the south side of 59th St. between Fifth and Madison avenues. The 21st District comprised the area between Seventh and Lexington from 40th to 59th Street south, and between 8th and Lexington from 59th Street north to 86th.

34. TR.Auto.567; Pri.46, 59; Leary Int., FRE.; Hag.Boy.66. TR.Auto.567; Pri.46, 59; Leary Int., FRE.; Hag.Boy.66.

35. See TR.Auto.57 for an explanation of the clublike, elective nature of the Republican Association. "As a friend of mine picturesquely phrased it, I 'had to break into the organization with a jimmy.'" See TR.Auto.57 for an explanation of the clublike, elective nature of the Republican Association. "As a friend of mine picturesquely phrased it, I 'had to break into the organization with a jimmy.'"

36. Emlen Roosevelt int., FRE. But the Roosevelts, as old Knickerbockers, had been influential in politics until Civil War times. Disdain for grubby politics was a comparatively recent phenomenon, owing much to the Boss Tweed and Grant Administration scandals of the 1870s. Emlen Roosevelt int., FRE. But the Roosevelts, as old Knickerbockers, had been influential in politics until Civil War times. Disdain for grubby politics was a comparatively recent phenomenon, owing much to the Boss Tweed and Grant Administration scandals of the 1870s.

37. Ib.; TR.Auto.57; Thayer, Ib.; TR.Auto.57; Thayer, TR TR, 27.

38. TR.Auto.57. TR.Auto.57.

39. Put.248. Put.248.

40. Rob.106. Rob.106.

41. Cowles Microfilm, TRB. Cowles Microfilm, TRB.

42. TR.Auto.57. TR.Auto.57.

43. Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart at Farewell History Lecture, Harvard (1926) un. clip, TRB. Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart at Farewell History Lecture, Harvard (1926) un. clip, TRB.

44. Savell, Isabelle K., Savell, Isabelle K., Daughter of Vermont: A Biography of Emily Eaton Hepburn Daughter of Vermont: A Biography of Emily Eaton Hepburn (NY, 1952) 106. (NY, 1952) 106.

45. Put.241; TR.Auto.57; Edward C. Riggs in PRI.n. Put.241; TR.Auto.57; Edward C. Riggs in PRI.n.

46. Put.241; Riggs in PRI. n. Put.241; Riggs in PRI. n.

47. TR.Auto.58; TR to Eleanora Kissel Inicutt, June 28, 1901 (TRB); TR.Pri.Di. TR.Auto.58; TR to Eleanora Kissel Inicutt, June 28, 1901 (TRB); TR.Pri.Di. passim; passim; TR.Auto.58. TR.Auto.58.

48. TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 14, 1881. TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 14, 1881.

49. Ib., Apr. 8; Put.241; Hag.Boy.67. Ib., Apr. 8; Put.241; Hag.Boy.67.

50. TR.Auto.61. TR.Auto.61.

51. Ib.; TR.Pri.Di. May 11, 1881 (baggage list in year-end expenses section); ib., May 12. Ib.; TR.Pri.Di. May 11, 1881 (baggage list in year-end expenses section); ib., May 12.

52. Ib., May 18, 1881. Ib., May 18, 1881.

53. Mor.47; TR.Pri.Di. May 21, 22, 1881. Mor.47; TR.Pri.Di. May 21, 22, 1881.

54. TR.Pri.Di. TR.Pri.Di. passim; passim; Put.229; TR to B, May 24, 1881 (TRB). Put.229; TR to B, May 24, 1881 (TRB).

55. TR.Pri.Di. May 25, 1881; Mor.489; TR.Pri.Di. June 1; Mor.48. TR.Pri.Di. May 25, 1881; Mor.489; TR.Pri.Di. June 1; Mor.48.

56. Ib.; TR.Pri.Di. June 1127, 1881; Mor.49; TR to B, July 3, 1881 (TRB). Ib.; TR.Pri.Di. June 1127, 1881; Mor.49; TR to B, July 3, 1881 (TRB).

57. TR.Pri.Di. July 5, 6, 1881. TR.Pri.Di. July 5, 6, 1881.

58. Put.2445; Sto.112 ff. Put.2445; Sto.112 ff.

59. Put.245; Sto.112 ff. The assassin, Charles Guiteau, had shrieked after firing, "I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts!" For a post-mortem and meticulously detailed day-by-day account of Garfield's last days, see Doyle, Burton T., Put.245; Sto.112 ff. The assassin, Charles Guiteau, had shrieked after firing, "I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts!" For a post-mortem and meticulously detailed day-by-day account of Garfield's last days, see Doyle, Burton T., Lives of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur Lives of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur (Washington, 1881). (Washington, 1881).

60. TR.Pri.Di. July 8, 1881. TR.Pri.Di. July 8, 1881.

61. Put.232; TR.Pri.Di. July 1529, 1881. Put.232; TR.Pri.Di. July 1529, 1881.