74. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 5, 1878; Mor.35. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 5, 1878; Mor.35.

75. Put. 167. Put. 167.

76. Ib., 1667. Ib., 1667.

77. PRI. n. PRI. n.

78. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 19, 20, 1878. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 19, 20, 1878.

79. Ib., Nov. 2, 1878; TR.Har.Scr. The menu of ten courses that evening included oysters, turbot, "Mongrel Goose / Young Pig," croustade of venison, canvasback duck / larded quails, Charlotte Russe, Roquefort and olives, sherbet. (Ib.) Ib., Nov. 2, 1878; TR.Har.Scr. The menu of ten courses that evening included oysters, turbot, "Mongrel Goose / Young Pig," croustade of venison, canvasback duck / larded quails, Charlotte Russe, Roquefort and olives, sherbet. (Ib.) 80. TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 2, 1878 sic. Some of his classmates corroborate this. "Very little upset him...he had the sense to realize his limitations." (James Giddes in PRI. n.) Drinking at Harvard generally was so heavy in the late seventies that two or three students out of every class were expected to die of alcoholism a year or so after graduation. (Ib.) TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 2, 1878 sic. Some of his classmates corroborate this. "Very little upset him...he had the sense to realize his limitations." (James Giddes in PRI. n.) Drinking at Harvard generally was so heavy in the late seventies that two or three students out of every class were expected to die of alcoholism a year or so after graduation. (Ib.) 81. TR.Pri.Di. TR.Pri.Di. passim; passim; ib. Oct. 2, 1878. A classmate remembered him angrily reprimanding the singer of a risque song at the Hasty Pudding Club. Edward Wagenknecht remarks: "It is impossible that there can ever have been a more clean-living man than Theodore Roosevelt." (Hagedorn memo, TRB; Wag.87.) ib. Oct. 2, 1878. A classmate remembered him angrily reprimanding the singer of a risque song at the Hasty Pudding Club. Edward Wagenknecht remarks: "It is impossible that there can ever have been a more clean-living man than Theodore Roosevelt." (Hagedorn memo, TRB; Wag.87.) 82. Ib., Nov. 28, 1878. Ib., Nov. 28, 1878.

83. Ib., Jan. 25, 1880. Ib., Jan. 25, 1880.

4: THE S SWELL IN THE D DOG-CART.

1. TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880 (privately owned). TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880 (privately owned).

2. COW; Par; Mrs. Bacon's statements in TRC; newspaper tributes to Alice, Feb. 1884; letters to B (1884) in TRC. COW; Par; Mrs. Bacon's statements in TRC; newspaper tributes to Alice, Feb. 1884; letters to B (1884) in TRC.

3. TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 7, 1880. TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 7, 1880.

4. Pri.413; Mrs. Bacon's statements; Put. 1678; photographs in TRC; a sample of Alice's hair preserved by TR in Sagamore Hill vaults; TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880. Pri.413; Mrs. Bacon's statements; Put. 1678; photographs in TRC; a sample of Alice's hair preserved by TR in Sagamore Hill vaults; TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880.

5. Mor.36. Mor.36.

6. TR to Harry Minot, July 5, 1880, qu. Put.1934. TR to Harry Minot, July 5, 1880, qu. Put.1934.

7. Rose Lee to Carleton Putnam, qu. Put.166; Pri.423; Rob.63. Rose Lee to Carleton Putnam, qu. Put.166; Pri.423; Rob.63.

8. TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880. TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880.

9. Mor.36. Mor.36.

10. See Put.178. See Put.178.

11. TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880; Put.173. TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880; Put.173.

12. TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 11, 1879. TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 11, 1879.

13. Ib., Dec. 21, 1878. Ib., Dec. 21, 1878.

14. Mor.34. Mor.34.

15. Wis.12. Wis.12.

16. Cut. 2325; TR.Pri.Di. Jan. 18, 1879. Cut. 2325; TR.Pri.Di. Jan. 18, 1879.

17. Laughlin, J. Laurence, "Roosevelt at Harvard," Laughlin, J. Laurence, "Roosevelt at Harvard," Review of Reviews Review of Reviews, LXX (1924) 397. Robert Bacon was U.S. Secretary of State, Jan. 27-Mar. 5, 1909.

18. Thayer, William Roscoe, Thayer, William Roscoe, TR: An Intimate Biography TR: An Intimate Biography (Houghton Mifflin, 1919) 20. TR's classmate Frederick Almy recalls TR leading a deputation of students to Harvard President Charles W. Eliot and stammering for some time in the great man's presence. Eventually he forced it out: "Mr. Eliot, I am President Roosevelt." PRI.n. Washburn, Charles G., (Houghton Mifflin, 1919) 20. TR's classmate Frederick Almy recalls TR leading a deputation of students to Harvard President Charles W. Eliot and stammering for some time in the great man's presence. Eventually he forced it out: "Mr. Eliot, I am President Roosevelt." PRI.n. Washburn, Charles G., TR: The Logic of His Career TR: The Logic of His Career (Houghton Mifflin, 1916) says that "at the Pudding we often incited a discussion for the purpose of rousing 'Teddy.' In his excitement he would sometimes lose altogether the power of articulation, much to our delight. He then had almost a defect in his speech which made his utterance deliberate and even halting." (p.5) References to this impediment are frequent in TR's late teens and early twenties, non-existent thereafter. (Houghton Mifflin, 1916) says that "at the Pudding we often incited a discussion for the purpose of rousing 'Teddy.' In his excitement he would sometimes lose altogether the power of articulation, much to our delight. He then had almost a defect in his speech which made his utterance deliberate and even halting." (p.5) References to this impediment are frequent in TR's late teens and early twenties, non-existent thereafter.

19. Put.177. Put.177.

20. Ib. Ib.

21. Put.178. These two remarks, and the fact that TR abandoned his habit of taking field-notes in 1879, suggest that Alice Lee was instrumental in changing TR's vocation to something other than natural history. While admittedly slender, the speculation is borne out by anecdotes indicating that Alice's own interest in the world of animals was minimal. On one occasion she innocently asked Theodore "who had shaved the lions" at a zoo, "being otherwise unable to account for their manes." (Mor.48) John Gable suggests that economic scruples may have caused TR to forego an academic career-but he was after all worth $8,000 p.a. and Alice came of an equally wealthy family. Put.178. These two remarks, and the fact that TR abandoned his habit of taking field-notes in 1879, suggest that Alice Lee was instrumental in changing TR's vocation to something other than natural history. While admittedly slender, the speculation is borne out by anecdotes indicating that Alice's own interest in the world of animals was minimal. On one occasion she innocently asked Theodore "who had shaved the lions" at a zoo, "being otherwise unable to account for their manes." (Mor.48) John Gable suggests that economic scruples may have caused TR to forego an academic career-but he was after all worth $8,000 p.a. and Alice came of an equally wealthy family.

22. TR.Pri.Di. Jan. 11, 31, 1879; Mor.38. TR.Pri.Di. Jan. 11, 31, 1879; Mor.38.

23. Pors. in TRC; Mor.38. TR's record of expenditures for the years 187779 show that dress was always the major item of his budget, exceeding what he spent on board, lodging, education, travel, and sport. Whereas the average Harvard student's total expenditures in the late 1870s was $650 to $850 (even the wealthiest rarely exceeded $1,500) Theodore spent $1,742 in his first year, $2,049 in his second, and $4,113 in his third. See King, Moses, Pors. in TRC; Mor.38. TR's record of expenditures for the years 187779 show that dress was always the major item of his budget, exceeding what he spent on board, lodging, education, travel, and sport. Whereas the average Harvard student's total expenditures in the late 1870s was $650 to $850 (even the wealthiest rarely exceeded $1,500) Theodore spent $1,742 in his first year, $2,049 in his second, and $4,113 in his third. See King, Moses, Harvard and its Surroundings Harvard and its Surroundings (Cambridge, 1878); Grant, Robert, "Harvard College in the Seventies," (Cambridge, 1878); Grant, Robert, "Harvard College in the Seventies," Scribner's Scribner's, May 1897, and TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 31, 1879.

24. The following account of TR's vacation in Maine is drawn from Sew.56, Put.15961. The following account of TR's vacation in Maine is drawn from Sew.56, Put.15961.

25. Mor.37. Mor.37.

26. Sew.5. Sew.5.

27. Hag.Boy.59; Mor.37. Hag.Boy.59; Mor.37.

28. Sew. 6. Sew. 6.

29. Sewall to TR, reminding him of their conversation, June 1902, TRP. Sewall to TR, reminding him of their conversation, June 1902, TRP.

30. TR to Mittie, qu. Put.161. TR to Mittie, qu. Put.161.

31. TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 15, 1879. TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 15, 1879.

32. TR to B, Mar. 23, 1879; Wis.33. TR to B, Mar. 23, 1879; Wis.33.

33. Har.13; Put.144. Har.13; Put.144.

34. Wis.45. Wis.45.

35. Cut.3, 7, 8. Cut.3, 7, 8.

36. H. E. Armstrong in H. E. Armstrong in The Independent The Independent, Sept. [?], 1902, Presidential Scrapbook, TRP; Richard Welling, "TR at Harvard," Outlook Outlook clip, n.d., in TRB; Tha.23; Hag.Boy.578. clip, n.d., in TRB; Tha.23; Hag.Boy.578.

37. TR.Pri.Di. Apr. 2, 1879. TR.Pri.Di. Apr. 2, 1879.

38. Mor.39. Mor.39.

39. TR.Pri.Di. May 8, 1879. TR.Pri.Di. May 8, 1879.

40. Put.174; TR.Pri.Di. May 13, 1879. Put.174; TR.Pri.Di. May 13, 1879.

41. Put.175. Put.175.

42. Mor.40. Mor.40.

43. See TR.Pri.Di., Jan. 25, 1880. See TR.Pri.Di., Jan. 25, 1880.

44. Ib., June 19, 1879. The following account of Class Day, 1879, owes much to Putnam's treatment in Put. 1802, as well as TR.Pri.Di. June 20. Ib., June 19, 1879. The following account of Class Day, 1879, owes much to Putnam's treatment in Put. 1802, as well as TR.Pri.Di. June 20.

45. Memo by E in TRC. Memo by E in TRC.

46. Put.183. Put.183.

47. TR.Pri.Di. July 5, 9, 1879. TR.Pri.Di. July 5, 9, 1879.

48. Ib., July 30, 1879. Ib., July 30, 1879.

49. Las. 39. Las. 39.

50. Fanny Parsons, note in TRB. Fanny Parsons, note in TRB.

51. TR.Pri.Di. Aug. 16, 1879. TR.Pri.Di. Aug. 16, 1879.

52. Ib., Aug. 18, 1879. TR, dictating his Ib., Aug. 18, 1879. TR, dictating his Autobiography Autobiography in 1913, mused for several pages on the reasons behind this decision. See TR. Auto. 257. in 1913, mused for several pages on the reasons behind this decision. See TR. Auto. 257.

53. TR to B, Aug. 22, 1879 (TRB); TR.Pri.Di., same date. For an unforgettable photograph of Alice and TR with tennis rackets, evocative of both the bewitcher and the bewitched, see Michael Teague, TR to B, Aug. 22, 1879 (TRB); TR.Pri.Di., same date. For an unforgettable photograph of Alice and TR with tennis rackets, evocative of both the bewitcher and the bewitched, see Michael Teague, Mrs. L: Conversations with Alice Roosevelt Longworth Mrs. L: Conversations with Alice Roosevelt Longworth (New York, 1981). See also Michael Teague, "Theodore Roosevelt and Alice Lee: A New Perspective," (New York, 1981). See also Michael Teague, "Theodore Roosevelt and Alice Lee: A New Perspective," Harvard Library Bulletin Harvard Library Bulletin 33 (1985) 3. 33 (1985) 3.

54. Put.183; Mor.40. Put.183; Mor.40.

55. Put.161. Put.161.

56. The following account is based on ib., 1613. The following account is based on ib., 1613.

57. TR to B. n.d. (Sep. 4?) TRB. TR to B. n.d. (Sep. 4?) TRB.

58. TR.Pri.Di. TR.Pri.Di.

59. TR to B, Sep. 14, 1879 (TRB). TR to B, Sep. 14, 1879 (TRB).

60. Put. 163. Put. 163.

61. See the impressive analysis of TR's physical feats in Maine in Put. 163. The author shows that in a total of 61 days with Sewall, TR marched, paddled, and rode over 1,000 miles through near-virgin wilderness (540 miles on foot), averaging more than 50 miles a day. See the impressive analysis of TR's physical feats in Maine in Put. 163. The author shows that in a total of 61 days with Sewall, TR marched, paddled, and rode over 1,000 miles through near-virgin wilderness (540 miles on foot), averaging more than 50 miles a day.

62. Mor.41; TR.Pri.Di. May 16, 1879; Put.174, 184 fn.; McCausland, Hugh, Mor.41; TR.Pri.Di. May 16, 1879; Put.174, 184 fn.; McCausland, Hugh, The English Carriage The English Carriage (London, 1948) (London, 1948) passim; passim; TR to B (telegram), n.d. but probably early Sep. 1879. (TRB) TR to B (telegram), n.d. but probably early Sep. 1879. (TRB) 63. Mor.41. Mor.41.

64. Pri.43. Pri.43.

65. Welling, Richard, "My Classmate TR," Welling, Richard, "My Classmate TR," American Legion Monthly American Legion Monthly, Jan. 1929.

66. TR.Pri.Di. Sep. 26, 1879; Put. 1846; TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 10, 23, 1879. TR.Pri.Di. Sep. 26, 1879; Put. 1846; TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 10, 23, 1879.

67. Put. 1845. Put. 1845.

68. Mor.412. Mor.412.

69. Ib. Ib.

70. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 27, 1879. TR.Pri.Di. Oct. 27, 1879.

71. TR to B, n.d. (Nov. 11, 1879?) TRB. TR to B, n.d. (Nov. 11, 1879?) TRB.

72. TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880. TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880.

73. Mor.41. Mor.41.

74. Qu. Put.178 fn. TR's choice of this subject, at this time of great personal stress, is symbolic. It had been the machine in politics that destroyed his father, whose troubles with it had begun almost exactly two years before; it was the machine in politics that, almost exactly two years later, would launch his own legislative career. (Cf. 2389). Qu. Put.178 fn. TR's choice of this subject, at this time of great personal stress, is symbolic. It had been the machine in politics that destroyed his father, whose troubles with it had begun almost exactly two years before; it was the machine in politics that, almost exactly two years later, would launch his own legislative career. (Cf. 2389).

75. TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 22, 1879. TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 22, 1879.

76. TR to B, n.d. (Nov. 11, 1879?) TRB; TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 22, 1879; Put. 187; Thomas Lee, Alice's cousin, to Henry F. Pringle, PRI.n.; TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 2, 1879. TR to B, n.d. (Nov. 11, 1879?) TRB; TR.Pri.Di. Nov. 22, 1879; Put. 187; Thomas Lee, Alice's cousin, to Henry F. Pringle, PRI.n.; TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 2, 1879.

77. Pri.42; see his source, Mrs. Robert Bacon, in PRI.n. Pri.42; see his source, Mrs. Robert Bacon, in PRI.n.

78. Wis.13; Pri.36. The book, which will be discussed later in the text, was prompted by certain inaccuracies in William James's (British) history of the war, which TR found in the Porcellian Library. Wis.13; Pri.36. The book, which will be discussed later in the text, was prompted by certain inaccuracies in William James's (British) history of the war, which TR found in the Porcellian Library.

79. In 1910, TR recalled reciting "that glorious chorus from In 1910, TR recalled reciting "that glorious chorus from Atalanta in Calydon" Atalanta in Calydon" and the despairing lines from and the despairing lines from Dolores Dolores beginning "Time turns the old days to derision." "What young man has not, when suffering the pangs of despised love, given vent to his feelings in those words?" George Buchanan, beginning "Time turns the old days to derision." "What young man has not, when suffering the pangs of despised love, given vent to his feelings in those words?" George Buchanan, My Mission to Russia My Mission to Russia (Boston, 1923), vol. 1, 8889. (Boston, 1923), vol. 1, 8889.

80. Put.171; Pri.434; Corinne Roosevelt Robinson in PRI.n. Put.171; Pri.434; Corinne Roosevelt Robinson in PRI.n.

81. Put.187; TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 24, 1879; ib., Nov. 16. Put.187; TR.Pri.Di. Dec. 24, 1879; ib., Nov. 16.

82. Put.187. Put.187.

83. TR.Pri.Di. Jan. 1, 1880. TR.Pri.Di. Jan. 1, 1880.

84. Ib., Jan. 25, 1880. "I have not mentioned a word of it to my diary," TR adds with satisfaction, apropos of his recent torment. "No outsider has suspected it." Ib., Jan. 25, 1880. "I have not mentioned a word of it to my diary," TR adds with satisfaction, apropos of his recent torment. "No outsider has suspected it."

85. Ib.; also Feb. 23, 1880. Ib.; also Feb. 23, 1880.

86. Ib., Jan. 31, 1880; Pri.43; TR.Pri.Di. Feb. 2, 1880. Ib., Jan. 31, 1880; Pri.43; TR.Pri.Di. Feb. 2, 1880.

87. Alice Lee to MBR, Feb. 3, 1880 (typed copy in TRB). Alice Lee to MBR, Feb. 3, 1880 (typed copy in TRB).

88. TR to B, Mar. 1, 1880 (TRB). The choice of date shows TR's love for parallels and anniversaries in the family. On Oct. 27 he would turn twenty-two, the same age his father had been when TR to B, Mar. 1, 1880 (TRB). The choice of date shows TR's love for parallels and anniversaries in the family. On Oct. 27 he would turn twenty-two, the same age his father had been when he he was married; Alice would be nineteen, the same as Mittie had been. was married; Alice would be nineteen, the same as Mittie had been.

89. Mor.43. Mor.43.

90. TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 11, 1880. TR.Pri.Di. Mar. 11, 1880.

91. Qu. Put.189; qu. ib., 190; ib., 189. Qu. Put.189; qu. ib., 190; ib., 189.

92. TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880. TR to John Roosevelt, Feb. 25, 1880.

93. Mor.44. They had been reassured by Mittie's offer to accommodate the young couple at 6 West Fifty-seventh Street, at least through the winter of 188081. Mor.44. They had been reassured by Mittie's offer to accommodate the young couple at 6 West Fifty-seventh Street, at least through the winter of 188081.