6b. Leaves opposite (1-2 dm. high; summer) =Eyebright, Euphrasia arctica.=

7a. Stem-leaves entire (2-6 dm. high; summer) =Painted Cup, Castilleja pallida var. septentrionalis.=

7b. Stem-leaves palmately lobed, bracteal leaves scarlet (3-6 dm. high; early summer) =Painted Cup, Castilleja coccinea.=

7c. Stem-leaves pinnately lobed or incised (Lousewort) --8.

8a. Flowers in spring (2-4 dm. high) =Lousewort, Pedicularis canadensis.=

8b. Flowers in late summer (3-8 dm. high) =Lousewort, Pedicularis lanceolata.=

9a. Upper lip of the corolla very different in size and shape from the lower lip --10.

9b. Upper lip of the corolla resembling the lower lip in shape, and not very different in size (5-12 dm. high; summer) (False Foxglove) --13.

10a. Leaves alternate (2-5 dm. high; summer) =b.u.t.ter-and-eggs, Linaria vulgaris.=

10b. Leaves opposite --11.

11a. Stem erect; leaves narrowed at the base --30b.

11b. Stem creeping or spreading (summer) --12.

12a. Leaves pinnately veined, ovate =Musk Flower, Mimulus moschatus.=

12b. Leaves palmately veined, circular or nearly so =Yellow Monkey Flower, Mimulus glabratus var. jamesii.=

13a. Stem glabrous --14.

13b. Stem p.u.b.escent --15.

14a. Princ.i.p.al stem-leaves pinnatifid =False Foxglove, Gerardia virginica.=

14b. Princ.i.p.al stem-leaves entire =False Foxglove, Gerardia laevigata.=

15a. Corolla hairy on the outside =False Foxglove, Gerardia pedicularia.=

15b. Corolla smooth on the outside =False Foxglove, Gerardia flava.=

16a. Leaves all basal; flowers on leafless stalks (1 dm. high or less; flowers pink or white, summer) =Mudwort, Limosella aquatica var. tenuifolia.=

16b. Leaves opposite (those subtending the flowers may be alternate) --20.

16c. Leaves alternate or irregularly scattered --17.

17a. Leaves entire --18.

17b. Leaves pinnately lobed or incised --8a.

17c. Leaves palmately veined and lobed; stem trailing (flowers blue, summer) =Kenilworth Ivy, Linaria cymbalaria.=

18a. Corolla-tube less than 1 cm. long, spurred --19.

18b. Corolla more than 2 cm. long, not spurred (3-8 dm. high; flowers red-purple, summer) =Snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus.=

19a. Stem and foliage p.u.b.escent (1-3 dm. high; flowers blue, summer) =Small Snapdragon, Linaria minor.=

19b. Stem and foliage glabrous (2-6 dm. high; flowers blue, summer) =Toad-flax, Linaria canadensis.=

20a. Leaves with 1 or 2 lobes near the base (3-5 dm. high; flowers purple, summer) =Gerardia, Gerardia auriculata.=

20b. Leaves linear (2-6 dm. high; flowers rose-purple, summer and autumn) (Gerardia) --21.

20c. Leaves lanceolate or broader, not lobed --26.

21a. Pedicels equaling or but little longer than the calyx, and conspicuously shorter than the subtending leaf --22.

21b. Pedicels much longer than the calyx, and generally equaling or exceeding the subtending leaf --24.

22a. Plants of moist ground, bogs, and sh.o.r.es --23.

22b. Plants of dry uplands =Gerardia, Gerardia aspera.=

23a. Corolla about 25 mm. long =Gerardia, Gerardia purpurea.=

23b. Corolla less than 20 mm. long =Gerardia, Gerardia paupercula.=

24a. Stem rough on the angles --25.

24b. Stem glabrous =Gerardia, Gerardia tenuifolia.=

25a. Leaves 2-5 mm. wide =Gerardia, Gerardia tenuifolia var. macrophylla.=

25b. Leaves thread-like, 1 mm. wide or less =Gerardia, Gerardia skinneriana.=

26a. Corolla 16 mm. long, or shorter --27.

26b. Corolla 20 mm. long, or longer --32.

27a. Corolla dull-purple, brown, or greenish; one sterile stamen present (1-2.5 m. high; flowers in summer) (Figwort) --28.

27b. Corolla blue or white (1-4 dm. high) --29.

28a. Sterile stamen purple =Figwort, Scrophularia marilandica.=

28b. Sterile stamen yellow =Figwort, Scrophularia leporella.=

29a. Flowers nearly or quite sessile (summer) --30.