[86] Miss Chauvin made a similar request of the French Chamber of Deputies; as we have seen, her request was granted. Dr. Popelin did not make her request of the Belgian Chamber of Deputies, which had not a Republican majority. Dr. Popelin may have considered such a step hopeless.

[87] Since 1899 special socialistic workingwomen's congresses have been held.

[88] See the action of the Socialists in Sweden and in Hungary.

[89] Else Ha.s.se, _Neue Bahnen_.

[90] The recognized gallant of a married woman. [Tr.]

[91] Marianne Weber, _Zentralblatt_.

[92] But only the enlightened clergy--those living in Rome--consent to the higher education of girls.

[93] _Dok.u.mente der Frauen_, June 1, 1901.

[94] See Stanton, _The Woman's Rights Movement in Europe_.

[95] _El Feminismo_, 1899.

[96] See the Report of the International Suffrage Congress, Washington, 1902.

[97] See the Report of the International Suffrage Congress, Washington, 1902.

[98] This has just been organized.

[99] The following statistics are significant: Between January 1 and July 1, 1908, Russia showed an increase in the consumption of alcoholic liquors. The total amount of spirits consumed was 40,887,509 _vedros_ (1 _vedro_ is 3.25 gallons), which is an increase of 600,185 _vedros_ over the amount consumed during the same months of the preceding year. These figures correspond also to the government's income from its monopoly on spirits; this was 327,795,312 rubles (a ruble is worth 51.5 cents), an increase of 3,745,836 rubles over the same months of the preceding year.

[100] See the very interesting article _Frauenbewegung_ (_The Woman's Rights Movement_), by Berta Kes, Moscow.

[101] See Berta Kes, _Frauenbewegung_.

[102] See _Doc.u.ments Concerning Women_ (_Dok.u.mente der Frauen_), April 15, 1900.

[103] I am indebted to Mrs. Eudokimoff, of St. Petersburg, for an English translation of the resolutions, the address of the Lord Mayor, and the proceedings against the deputy of the Duma; also for a biography of Mrs.

v. Philosophow.

[104] Springtime.

[105] A doctor employed by a workingmen's a.s.sociation. [Tr.]

[106] Dr. Schirmacher treats Russian Poland here with Galicia, which is Austrian Poland. [Tr.]

[107] _Dok.u.mente der Frauen_, November, 15, 1901.

[108] Greek conditions are a.n.a.logous to conditions prevailing in Slavic countries; hence Greece will be treated here. Greece was liberated from Turkish control in 1827.

[109] There are elementary schools for boys and girls. The secondary schools for girls are private. The first of these was founded by Dr. Hill and his wife, who were Americans. Preparation for entrance to the university is optional and is carried on privately. Athens University has admitted women since 1891.

[110] The English have abolished slavery in Egypt.

[111] See _Conseil des Femmes_, October, 1902, for the romantic "Desenchantees" of P. Loti, and Hussein Rachimi's "Verliebter Bey."

[112] Compare _La crise de l'orient_, by Ahmed Riza.

[113] See the a.n.a.logous action of the English in India.

[114] Report of the International Suffrage Congress, Washington, 1902.

[115]

_Mag der Baum wohl wachsen in dem Walde, Aber keine Tochter mir geboren werden._

[116] India still retains the official regulation of prost.i.tution (which was abolished in England in 1886). Here again, militarism is playing a decisive part in blocking this reform.

[117] In Bangkok, in Farther India (Siam), there is a woman's club with the Siamese Princess as President.

[118] Report of the International Suffrage Conference, Washington, 1902.

[119] "_Le Chinois admet la superiorite, avec toutes ses consequences, des qu'il la constate, qu'elle se revele chez un homme ou chez une femme._"

[120] Report of the International Suffrage Conference, Washington, 1902.

[121] The University of Tokio is still closed to women. Women attend the Woman's University, founded in 1901 by N. Naruse.