Inspiration and expiration, 14 ---- of men and women, 15 ----, Three ways of, 14 ---- through the mouth, 26

Isenschmid's throat apparatus, 77

Italian composers studying voices, 3

Lacing, Tight, 25

Laryngo-Phantom, Isenschmid's, 77

Laryngoscope described, 73 ----, Errors in using, 79 ----, How to use, 73 ----, What is seen, 80

Laryngoscopic images, 84, 85

Larynx generally described, 31 ---- (see Voice-box)

Levers of the Pyramids, 36

Lid and its function, 32, 35, 80

Ligaments, Pocket, 50, 81 ----, ----, not tone producers, 52 ----, ----, their functions, 53, 83 ----, Vocal, described, 36, 81, 94 ----, ----, how produce tone, 32, 81 ----, ----, how stretched, 47 ----, ----, in S.C.T.B. voices, 66 ----, ----, size, movement, 41 ----, ----, Three actions of, 83 ----, ----, View of, 37

Lung gymnastics, 21

Lungs described, 9 ----, Experiment with calf's, 12 ----, their function, 12

Lunn on "Coup de glotte", 83 ---- on differences in larynges, 64, 89 ---- on laryngoscopic views, 82

Luschka, and term "vocal c.h.i.n.k", 45 ----, how tone is produced, 40

Luschka's measurements of larynges, 64

Male contralti, 2 ---- soprani, 1

Malrespiration, 28

Marshall, experiments on animals, 39

Merkel on male and female larynges, 90 ---- on pyramids and registers, 99 ---- on tension of ligaments, 67

Merkel's terms for registers, 90

Meyerbeer and the falsetto, 5

Midriff, 11 ---- described, 12

Mixed voice, defined, 119

Mouth, its part in singing, 59 ----, when to keep it shut, 29

Mozart studied voice before composing, 4

Mucous membrane, 61, 80

Muller's experiments on larynges 7, 96

Muscles, back ring pyramid, 46, 48 ---- governing pitch, 113 ----, How to strengthen, 113 ----, ligament tension theory, 67 ----, Pyramid, 49

Muscles, Ring-shield, 41 ----, ----, how change registers, 97 ----, Shield-pyramid, 41 ----, Shield-pyramid, how change registers, 97 ----, Side ring-pyramid, 48 ----, Summary of uses of, 49

Nasal tone, various theories, 60

Nose cavities, 59

Nostrils best adapted for breathing, 27

Nourrit and Duprez, 5

Novello, Sabilla, how tone is produced, 39

Palate, Soft, exercising, 121 ----, ----, its movements, 59

Paris Conservatoire method of inspiration, 20

Pharynx, 58

Pitch, Mechanism affecting, 72 ----, Rise of, strains voice, 4

p.r.o.nunciation for Singers, Ellis's, 120

Pyramids, how act in registers, 99 ----, Levers of the, 36, 46 ----, side view, 37 ----, their shape and motion, 36, 82, 94

Register, Mechanism of thick, 94 ----, Thick, described, 94 ----, Thin, ", 98

Registers, Compa.s.s of the, 93 ----, Teachers' Manual on, 87 ----, definition, 86 ----, described by Mme. Seiler, 94 ----, distinguishing s.e.x, 90 ----, Evil of straining, 101 ----, How ligaments act in, 86 ----, how small is formed, 101 ----, how upper thick formed, 95, 97 ----, Images of, 84, 85 ----, Laryngoscope and sub-division of, 91 ----, "Mixed voice", 118 ----, optional tones, 118 ----, places of break, 87, 96 ----, Straining of, 95 ----, Three female voice, 88 ----, to equalise, not expose, 116 ----, Two male voice, 138 ----, Upper and lower thick, 96 ----, ---- ---- ---- thin, 100 ----, what laryngoscope teaches, 104

Resonator changes by vowel, 70 ----, effect of formation, 58 ----, its parts, 9, 56

Respiration described, 13

Ribs, 11

Ring cartilage, 31, 32

Ring-shield muscles, 41, 70