"K. BEHNKE

"18, Earl's Court Square, S.W."

INDEX.

Artificial female voice, Roman teachers, 2

Back ring pyramid muscles, 46, 48

Bands uniting shield and tongue-bone, 34

Belts _v._ braces for men, 25

Breast bone, 11

Breathing, Collar-bone, 17 ----, Curing defective, 23 ---- during sleep, 28 ---- exercises, 106 ----, midriff and rib combined, 17 ----, Mouth _v._ nostril, 26 ---- neglected by teachers, 19 ----, View of larynx, 84

Breath, Singers' half-, 26

Browne, Lennox, on breathing, 18, 22

Carpenter, Dr., How tone is produced, 39

Cartilages of Santorini, 51, 54, 80 ---- of Wrisberg, 51, 54, 81

Catlin on American Indian breathing, 28

Chest described, 12 ---- voice used for pay, 4

c.h.i.n.k, Vocal, 45, 81

Clergymen's sore throat, 22

Collar-bones, 11

Composers disregarding voices, 3 ----' ignorance of harp, 3 ----, Modern, wed music and words, 3 ---- to blame for vocal decline, 4

Cords, Vocal, a misleading term, 38 ----, ----, False, 60 ----, ----, origin of term, 8

Corsets for gentlemen, 26

Curwen's names for registers, 87

Czermak's test in vowel formation, 59 ---- use of the laryngoscope, 75

Duprez' Chest C, 5

Eberth's case, voice-box without lid, 35

Elsberg on nose-breathing, 28 ---- on wedges (posterior nodules), 55

Eustachian tubes, 58

Exercises, Ah, legato, scala, 117 ----, Breathing, 106 ----, Controlling tongue, 124 ----, glottis, check and glide, 112 ---- for tone quality, 119, 121 ---- in changing registers, 118 ----, Mixed-voice, 119 ---- on koo, 124 ---- on vowels, 116 ----, Opening mouth, 125 ----, Resonator, 119 ----, Soft palate, 121 ---- to govern pitch, 115 ----, Voice production, 110

Experiment, calf's lungs, 12 ----, Czermak on vowels, 59 ----, defects in breathing, 23 ----, feeling ring-shield aperture, 72, 100 ---- in telling male and female registers, 90

Experiments, Marshall on animals, 39 ----, Muller on dissected larynges, 7, 96 ----, pressing shield to test pitch, 71 ----, Spirometer, 20 ----, Violin tone, 57 ----, whisper and feel voice-box, 70 ---- with laryngoscope, 76, 92 ---- with mirror, for nasal tone, 60

Falsetto register neglected, 4, 6

Female and male minstrels, 15 ---- voice spoilt by tenor pattern, 2

Foulis' laryngoscope, 78

French singers subject to tremolo, 20

Garcia and the laryngoscope, 74 ---- on forced registers, 96

Garrett, error in describing glottis, 45 ---- on a blackbird's larynx, 40 ---- on differences in larynges, 64

Glogg-ner-Castelli on chest voice, 5

Glottis, c.h.i.n.k of the, 45, 81 ----, Defects to avoid, 112 ---- in producing sound, 46 ---- in repose, 46 ---- in respiration, 46 ----, Shock of the, 83 ----, sphincter muscle, 44

Heart, 11

Helmholtz on whispered vowels, 70

Horns, Upper and lower, 34, 37, 42

Human voice, four parts, 9 ---- voice, incomparable, 9

Huxley's description of respiration, 14

Illingworth, Rumney, on falsetto, 39, 52