35. Sanitatsbericht uber das Deutsche Heer Sanitatsbericht uber das Deutsche Heer, 3:27; Holger H. Herwig, The First World War: The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 19141918 Germany and Austria-Hungary, 19141918 (London: Arnold, 1997), 119. Germany, with a population of 65 million in 1911, had 10,683 suicides. The Kingdom of Wurttemberg, with a population (2.1 million) roughly equal to that of the German armies, registered 357 suicides. (London: Arnold, 1997), 119. Germany, with a population of 65 million in 1911, had 10,683 suicides. The Kingdom of Wurttemberg, with a population (2.1 million) roughly equal to that of the German armies, registered 357 suicides. Statistisches Jahrbuch fur das Deutsche Reich 1914 Statistisches Jahrbuch fur das Deutsche Reich 1914 (Berlin: Putt kammer & Muhlbrecht, 1914), 1, 13233. (Berlin: Putt kammer & Muhlbrecht, 1914), 1, 13233.

36. See Fritz Fischer, See Fritz Fischer, Griff nach der Weltmacht. Die Kriegszielpolitik des kaiserlichen Deutschland 1914/18 Griff nach der Weltmacht. Die Kriegszielpolitik des kaiserlichen Deutschland 1914/18 (Dusseldorf: Droste, 1961), 113ff. (Dusseldorf: Droste, 1961), 113ff.

37. Arnold Rechberg, Arnold Rechberg, Reichsniedergang. Ein Beitrag zu dessen Ursachen aus meinen personlichen Erinnerungen Reichsniedergang. Ein Beitrag zu dessen Ursachen aus meinen personlichen Erinnerungen (Munich: Musarion, 1919), 21. (Munich: Musarion, 1919), 21.

38. Diary of Major Hans von Haeften, 1821 December 1914. BA-MA, MSg 1/1228, Nachla v. Alten. Diary of Major Hans von Haeften, 1821 December 1914. BA-MA, MSg 1/1228, Nachla v. Alten.

GLOSSARY

Aufmarschplan

German strategic deployment plan German strategic deployment plan Burgfrieden

Literally, "castle truce;" used by Wilhelm II in 1914 to announce an end to domestic strife Literally, "castle truce;" used by Wilhelm II in 1914 to announce an end to domestic strife Cannae

Battle of the Second Punic War in which Hannibal in 216 BC Battle of the Second Punic War in which Hannibal in 216 BC-in one of the greatest tactical feats in military history-defeated a superior Roman army under Consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro; model for Alfred von Schlieffen Casus belli

An occasion for war An occasion for war Casus foederis

A case within the stipulations of a treaty A case within the stipulations of a treaty Climacteric

A major turning point, or critical stage; a Churchill term A major turning point, or critical stage; a Churchill term Coup de main

A bold strike; see also A bold strike; see also Handstreich Handstreich Coup de theatre

A theatrical blow A theatrical blow Couverture

French: "covering force" French: "covering force"

En avant!

Forward! Forward!

Ersatz

Draft replacements Draft replacements Francs-tireurs

Irregulars; guerrillas; common term for armed civilians Irregulars; guerrillas; common term for armed civilians Handstreich

A bold strike; see also A bold strike; see also Coup de main Coup de main Hors de combat

"Put out of the fight;" casualties "Put out of the fight;" casualties Kriegsgefahr

Danger of war; state of German premobilization Danger of war; state of German premobilization Landser

German term for common soldier German term for common soldier Landwehr

German reserve; Territorial Army (British); National Guard (American) German reserve; Territorial Army (British); National Guard (American) Offensive a outrance

All-out offensive; French army doctrine All-out offensive; French army doctrine Poilu

French term for common soldier French term for common soldier La position fortifee

Fortified positions, such as Liege, Namur, Nancy, Verdun Fortified positions, such as Liege, Namur, Nancy, Verdun Pantalon rouge

"Red trousers;" worn by French soldiers "Red trousers;" worn by French soldiers Plan de renseignements

French: "deployment plan" French: "deployment plan"

Schlacke

"Cinders;" applied to German troops at the Marne "Cinders;" applied to German troops at the Marne Schwenkungsflugel

"Pivot wing;" applied to German First, Second, and Third armies "Pivot wing;" applied to German First, Second, and Third armies Soixante-quinzes

75s; French 75mm guns 75s; French 75mm guns Union sacree

"Sacred union;" French domestic truce of 1914 "Sacred union;" French domestic truce of 1914 Vollmacht

Full power of authority Full power of authority Westaufmarsch

German strategic deployment plan in the west German strategic deployment plan in the west

ABOUT THE AUTHOR.

Born in Hamburg, Germany, on 25 September 1941, HOLGER H. HERWIG holds a dual position at the University of Calgary as professor of history and as Canada research chair in the Centre for Military and Strategic Studies. He received his BA (1965) from the University of British Columbia and his MA (1967) and PhD (1971) from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Dr. Herwig taught at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1971 until 1989. He served as head of the Department of History at Calgary from 1991 until 1996.

Dr. Herwig has published more than a dozen scholarly books, some of which have been translated into Chinese, Czech, German, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, and Spanish, including the prizewinning The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 19141918 The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 19141918 and and The Origins of World War I The Origins of World War I, with Richard Hamilton.