7. P. reptans, Michx. _Runners creeping_, bearing _roundish-obovate_ smoothish and thickish leaves; flowering stems (4--8' high) and their _oblong or ovate obtuse leaves_ (' long) _p.u.b.escent_, often clammy; cyme close, few-flowered; calyx-teeth linear-awl-shaped, about the length of the tube; _lobes of the reddish-purple corolla round-obovate, mostly entire_.--Damp woods, in the Alleghany region, Penn. to Ky. and Ga. May, June.

8. P. divaricata, L. Stems spreading or ascending from a dec.u.mbent base (9--18' high); _leaves oblong- or lance-ovate_ or the lower oblong-lanceolate (1' long), acutish; cyme corymbose-panicled, spreading, loosely-flowered; calyx-teeth slender awl-shaped, longer than the tube; _lobes of the pale lilac or bluish corolla obcordate or wedge-obovate and notched_ at the end, or _often entire_, --{2/3}'

long, equalling or longer than the tube, with rather wide sinuses between them.--Rocky damp woods, W. Canada and N. Y. to Minn., south to Fla. and Ark. May.--A form occurs near Crawfordsville, Ind., with reduced flowers, the narrow entire ac.u.minate corolla-lobes scarcely half as long as the tube.

[*][*][*] _Stems low, diffuse and branching; flowers scattered or barely cymulose; corolla-lobes narrowly cuneate, bifid; calyx-lobes subulate-lanceolate._

9. P. bifida, Beck. _Minutely p.u.b.escent_; stems ascending, branched (5--8' high); leaves linear, becoming nearly glabrous (--1' long, 1"

wide); flowers few, on slender peduncles; calyx-teeth awl-shaped, about as long as the tube; _lobes of the pale purple corolla 2-cleft to or below the middle_ (4" long), equalling the tube, the _divisions linear-oblong_.--Prairies of Ind. to Iowa and Mo.

10. P. Stellaria, Gray. _Very glabrous_; leaves barely somewhat ciliate at base, linear (1--2' long, 1" wide or more), acute, rather rigid; flowers scattered, mostly long-peduncled; _lobes of the pale blue or almost white corolla bifid at the apex into barely oblong lobes_.--Cliffs of Ky. River (_Short_), S. Ill., and Tenn.

(_Gattinger_). May.

-- 2. _Suffruticulose and creeping-cespitose, evergreen, with mostly crowded and fascicled subulate and rigid leaves._

11. P. subulata, L. (GROUND or MOSS PINK.) Depressed, in broad mats, p.u.b.escent (glabrate when old); leaves awl-shaped, lanceolate, or narrowly linear (3--6" long); cymes few-flowered; calyx-teeth awl-shaped, rigid; corolla pink-purple or rose-color with a darker centre (sometimes white); lobes wedge-shaped, notched, rarely entire.--Dry rocky hills and sandy banks, southern N. Y. to Mich., south to Fla. and Ky.

2. GiLIA, Ruiz & Pav.

Calyx-lobes narrow and acute, the tube scarious below the sinuses.

Corolla tubular-funnel-form or salver-form. Stamens equally or unequally inserted. Capsule with solitary to numerous seeds.--Mostly herbs with alternate leaves. Our species belongs to the -- _Collomia_, in which the flowers are capitate-glomerate and foliose-bracted or scattered, stamens unequally inserted in the narrow tube of the salver-form corolla, ovules solitary, and leaves sessile and entire; annuals. (Dedicated to _Philip Gil_, a Spanish botanist.)

1. G. linearis, Gray. Branching and in age spreading, 6--18' high; leaves linear- or oblong-lanceolate; calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate, acute; corolla 6" long, from lilac-purple to nearly white, very slender, with small limb. (Collomia linearis, _Nutt._)--From Minn. west to the Pacific.

3. POLEMNIUM, Tourn. GREEK VALERIAN.

Calyx bell-shaped, herbaceous. Stamens equally inserted at the summit of the very short tube of the open-bell-shaped or short funnel-form corolla; filaments slender, declined, hairy-appendaged at the base.

Capsule few--several-seeded.--Perennials, with alternate pinnate leaves, the upper leaflets sometimes confluent; the (blue or white) corymbose flowers nearly bractless. (An ancient name, from p??e??, _war_, of doubtful application.)

1. P. reptans, L. Smooth throughout or slightly p.u.b.escent; stems weak and spreading (6--10' high, never creeping as the name denotes); leaflets 5--15, ovate-lanceolate or oblong; corymbs few-flowered; flowers nodding, calyx-lobes ovate, shorter than the tube; _stamens and style_ included; corolla light blue, about ' wide; _capsules about 3-seeded_.--Woods, N. Y. to Minn., south to Ala. and Mo. May, June.

2. P. caeruleum, L. (JACOB'S LADDER.) Stem erect (1--3 high); leaflets 9--21, linear-lanceolate, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, mostly crowded; flowers numerous, in a thyrsus or contracted panicle; lobes of the calyx longer than the tube; _stamens and style mostly exserted_ beyond the bright blue corolla, which is nearly 1' broad; capsule several-seeded.--Rare in our range, occurring in swamps and on mountains in N. H., N. Y., N. J., and Md., but common in the western mountains and far northward.

ORDER 71. HYDROPHYLLaCEae. (WATERLEAF FAMILY.)

_Herbs, commonly hairy, with mostly alternate leaves, regular 5-merous and 5-androus flowers, in aspect between the foregoing and the next order; but the ovary entire and 1-celled with 2 parietal 4--many-ovuled placentae, or rarely 2-celled by the union of the placentae in the axis; style 2-cleft, or 2 separate styles; fruit a 2-valved 4--many-seeded capsule._--Seeds mostly reticulated or pitted. Embryo small in copious alb.u.men.--Flowers chiefly blue or white, in one-sided cymes or false racemes, which are mostly bractless and coiled from the apex when young, as in the Borage Family. A small order of plants of no marked properties; some cultivated for ornament.

Tribe I. HYDROPHYLLEae. Ovary and capsule 1-celled. Seeds pitted or reticulated; alb.u.men cartilaginous. Leaves cut-toothed, lobed or pinnate. Style 2-cleft.

[*] Ovary lined with the dilated and fleshy placentae, which enclose the ovules and seeds (in our plants only 4) like an inner pericarp.

1. Hydrophyllum. Stamens exserted; anthers linear. Calyx unchanged in fruit.

2. Nemophila. Stamens included; anthers short. Calyx with appendages at the sinuses.

3. Ellisia. Stamens included. Calyx dest.i.tute of appendages, enlarged in fruit.

[*][*] Ovary with narrow parietal placentae, in fruit projecting inward more or less.

4. Phacelia. Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud. Calyx dest.i.tute of appendages.

Tribe II. HYDROLEae. Ovary and capsule 2-celled, the placentae often projecting from the axis far into the cells. Alb.u.men fleshy. Leaves entire. Styles 2.

5. Hydrolea. Corolla between wheel-shaped and bell-shaped.

1. HYDROPHLLUM, Tourn. WATERLEAF.

Calyx 5-parted, sometimes with a small appendage in each sinus, early open in the bud. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-cleft; the lobes convolute in the bud; the tube furnished with 5 longitudinal linear appendages opposite the lobes, which cohere by their middle, while their edges are folded inward, forming a nectariferous groove. Stamens and style mostly exserted; filaments more or less bearded; anthers linear. Ovary bristly-hairy (as is usual in the family); the 2 fleshy placentae expanded so as to line the cell and nearly fill the cavity, soon free from the walls except at the top and bottom, each bearing a pair of ovules on the inner face. Capsule ripening 1--4 seeds, spherical.--Perennials, with petioled ample leaves, and white or pale blue cymose-cl.u.s.tered flowers. (Name formed of ?d??, _water_, and f?????, _leaf_; of no obvious application.)

[*] _Calyx with minute if any appendages; rootstocks creeping, scaly-toothed._

1. H. macrophllum, Nutt. _Rough-hairy; leaves oblong, pinnate and pinnatifid; the divisions 9--13, ovate, obtuse_, coa.r.s.ely cut-toothed; root-leaves 1 long; _peduncle shorter than the petiole_; calyx-lobes lanceolate-pointed from a broad base, very hairy; flowers (6" long) crowded in a globular cl.u.s.ter; anthers short-oblong.--Rich woods, Ohio to Va. and Ala., west to the Mississippi. July.

2. H. Virginic.u.m, L. _Smoothish_ (1--2 high); _leaves pinnately divided_; _the divisions 5--7, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, pointed_, sharply cut-toothed, the lowest mostly 2-parted, the uppermost confluent; _peduncles longer than the petioles_ of the upper leaves, forked; calyx-lobes narrowly linear, bristly-ciliate; flowers 3" long; anthers oblong-linear.--Rich woods. June--Aug.

3. H. Canadense, L. _Nearly smooth_ (1 high); _leaves_ (3--5' broad) _palmately 5--7-lobed, rounded_, heart-shaped at base, unequally toothed, those from the root sometimes with 2--3 small and scattered lateral leaflets; _peduncles mostly shorter than the petioles_, forked, the nearly white flowers on very short pedicels; calyx-lobes linear-awl-shaped, nearly smooth, often with minute teeth in the sinuses.--Damp rich woods, N. Eng. to the mountains of Va., and west to the Mississippi. June--Aug.--Rootstocks thickened and very strongly toothed in 2 rows by the persistent bases of the stout petioles.

[*][*] _Calyx with a small reflexed lobe in each sinus; stamens little exserted._

4. H. appendiculatum, Michx. Hairy; stem-leaves palmately 5-lobed, rounded, the lobes toothed and pointed, the lowest pinnately divided, cymes rather loosely flowered; filiform pedicels and calyx bristly-hairy.--Damp woods, Ont. to mountains of N. C., west to Minn., Iowa, and Mo. June, July.

2. NEMoPHILA, Nutt.

Calyx 5-parted, with a reflexed appendage in each sinus, more or less enlarged in fruit. Corolla bell-shaped or almost wheel-shaped; the lobes convolute in the bud; the tube mostly with 10 small folds or scales inside. Stamens included; anthers ovoid or heart-shaped.

Placentae (bearing each 2--12 ovules), capsule and seeds as in Hydrophyllum.--Diffuse and fragile annuals, with opposite or partly alternate pinnatifid or lobed leaves, and one-flowered peduncles; the corolla white, blue, or marked with purple. (Name composed of ????, _a grove_, and f????, _to love_.) Some handsome species are garden annuals.

1. N. micrcalyx, Fisch. & Meyer. Small, roughish-p.u.b.escent; stems diffusely spreading (2--8' long); leaves parted or deeply cleft into 3--5 roundish or wedge-obovate sparingly cut-lobed divisions, the upper leaves all alternate; peduncles opposite the leaves, shorter than the long petioles; flowers minute; corolla white, longer than the calyx; placentae each 2-ovuled; capsule 1--2-seeded.--Moist woods, Va. to Fla., west to Ark. and Tex. April--June.

3. ELLiSIA, L.

Calyx 5-parted, without appendages, enlarged and foliaceous in fruit.

Corolla bell-shaped or cylindraceous, not longer than the calyx, 5-lobed above; the lobes imbricated or convolute in the bud, the tube with 5 minute appendages within. Stamens included. Placentae (each 2-ovuled), fruit, and seeds much as in Hydrophyllum.--Delicate and branching annuals, with lobed or divided leaves, the lower opposite, and small whitish flowers. (Named for _John Ellis_, a distinguished naturalist, an English correspondent of Linnaeus.)

1. E. Nyctelea, L. Minutely or sparingly roughish-hairy, divergently branched (6--12' high); leaves pinnately parted into 7--13 lanceolate or linear-oblong sparingly cut-toothed divisions; peduncles solitary in the forks or opposite the leaves, 1-flowered; calyx-lobes lanceolate, pointed, about the length of the cylindraceous (whitish) corolla (in fruit ovate-lanceolate, nearly ' long), capsule pendulous. (E. ambigua, _Nutt._; merely a slender form.)--Shady damp places, N. J. to Va., west to Minn. and Mo. May--July.

4. PHACeLIA, Juss.

Calyx 5-parted; the sinuses naked. Corolla open-bell-shaped, 5-lobed; the lobes imbricated in the bud. Filaments slender, often (with the 2-cleft style) exserted; anthers ovoid or oblong. Ovary with 2 narrow linear placentae adherent to the walls, in fruit usually projecting inward more or less, the two often forming an imperfect part.i.tion in the ovoid 4--many seeded capsule. (Ovules 2--30 on each placenta.)--Perennial or mostly annual herbs, with simple, lobed, or divided leaves, and often handsome (blue, purple, or white) flowers in scorpioid raceme-like cymes. (Name from f??e???, _a fascicle_.)

-- 1. PHACELIA proper. _Seeds and ovules only 4 (two on each placenta); corolla campanulate, with narrow folds or appendages within, the lobes entire._

1. P. bipinnatifida, Michx. Biennial; stem upright, hairy (1--2 high), leaves long-petioled, pinnately 3--5-divided, the divisions or leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, coa.r.s.ely and often sparingly cut-lobed or pinnatifid, racemes elongated, loosely many-flowered, glandular-p.u.b.escent; pedicels about the length of the calyx, spreading or recurved.--Shaded banks, in rich soil, Ohio to Ill. and southward.