[360] Sclater, 'Proc. Zool. Soc.' 1866, p. 1. The same fact has also been fully ascertained by MM. Pollen and van Dam.

[361] On Mycetes, Rengger, ibid. s. 14; and Brehm, 'Ill.u.s.trirtes Thierleben,' B. i. s. 96, 107. On Ateles, Desmarest, 'Mammalogie,' p. 75. On Hylobates, Blyth, 'Land and Water,' 1867, p. 135. On the Semnopithecus, S. Muller, 'Zoog.

Indischen Archipel.' tab. x.

[362] Gervais, 'Hist. Nat. des Mammiferes,' 1854, p, 103.

Figures are given of the skull of the male. Desmarest, 'Mammalogie,' p. 70. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, 'Hist.

Nat. des Mamm.' 1824, tom. i.

[363] 'The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication,' 1868, vol. ii. p. 102, 103.

[364] 'Essays and Observations by J. Hunter,' edited by Owen, 1861, vol. i. p. 194.

[365] Sir S. Baker, 'The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia,' 1867.

[366] _Fiber zibethicus_, Audubon and Bachman, 'The Quadrupeds of N. America,' 1846, p. 109.

[367] 'Novae species Quadrupedum e Glirium ordine,' 1778, p. 7.

What I have called the roe is the _Capreolus Sibiricus subecaudatus_ of Pallas.

[368] See the fine plates in A. Smith's 'Zoology of S. Africa,'

and Dr. Gray's 'Gleanings from the Menagerie of Knowsley.'

[369] 'Westminster Review,' July 1, 1867, p. 5.

[370] 'Travels in South Africa,' 1824, vol. ii. p. 315.

[371] Dr. Gray, 'Gleanings from the Menagerie of Knowsley,' p.

64. Mr. Blyth, in speaking ('Land and Water,' 1869, p. 42) of the hog-deer of Ceylon, says it is more brightly spotted with white than the common hog-deer, at the season when it renews its horns.

[372] Falconer and Cautley, 'Proc. Geolog. Soc.' 1843; and Falconer's 'Pal. Memoirs,' vol. i. p. 196.

[373] 'The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication,' 1868, vol. i. p. 61-64.

[374] 'Proc. Zool. Soc.' 1862, p. 164. See, also, Dr. Hartmann, 'Ann. d. Landw.' Bd. xliii. s. 222.

[375] I observed this fact in the Zoological Gardens; and numerous cases may be seen in the coloured plates in Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, 'Hist. Nat. des Mammiferes,' tom. i.

1824.

[376] Bates, 'The Naturalist on the Amazons,' 1863, vol. ii. p.

310.

[377] I have seen most of the above-named monkeys in the Zoological Society's Gardens. The description of the _Semnopithecus nemaeus_ is taken from Mr. W. C. Martin's 'Nat.

Hist. of Mammalia,' 1841, p. 460; see also p. 475, 523.

[378] Schaaffhausen, translation in 'Anthropological Review,'

Oct. 1868, p. 419, 420, 427.

[379] Ecker, translation in 'Anthropological Review,' Oct.

1868, p. 351-356. The comparison of the form of the skull in men and women has been followed out with much care by Welcker.

[380] Ecker and Welcker, ibid. p. 352, 355; Vogt, 'Lectures on Man,' Eng. translat. p. 81.

[381] Schaaffhausen, 'Anthropolog. Review,' ibid. p. 429.

[382] Pruner-Bey, on negro infants, as quoted by Vogt, 'Lectures on Man,' Eng. translat. 1864, p. 189: for further facts on negro infants, as quoted from Winterbottom and Camper, see Lawrence, 'Lectures on Physiology,' &c. 1822, p. 451. For the infants of the Guaranys, see Rengger, 'Saugethiere,' &c. s.

3. See also G.o.dron, 'De l'Espece,' tom. ii. 1859, p. 253. For the Australians, Waitz, 'Introduct. to Anthropology,' Eng.

translat. 1863, p. 99.

[383] Rengger, 'Saugethiere,' &c. 1830, s. 49.

[384] As in _Macacus cynomolgus_ (Desmarest, 'Mammalogie,' p.

65) and in _Hylobates agilis_ (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and F.

Cuvier, 'Hist. Nat. des Mamm.' 1824, tom. i. p. 2).

[385] 'Anthropological Review,' Oct. 1868, p. 353.

[386] Mr. Blyth informs me that he has never seen more than one instance of the beard, whiskers, &c., in a monkey becoming white with old age, as is so commonly the case with us. This, however, occurred in an aged and confined _Macacus cynomolgus_, whose moustaches were "remarkably long and human-like."

Altogether this old monkey presented a ludicrous resemblance to one of the reigning monarchs of Europe, after whom he was universally nick-named. In certain races of man the hair on the head hardly ever becomes grey; thus Mr. D. Forbes has never seen, as he informs me, an instance with the Aymaras and Quechuas of S. America.

[387] This is the case with the females of several species of Hylobates, see Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, 'Hist. Nat.

des Mamm.' tom. i. See, also, on _H. lar_. 'Penny Encyclopedia,' vol. ii. p. 149, 150.

[388] The results were deduced by Dr. Weisbach from the measurements made by Drs. K. Scherzer and Schwarz, see 'Reise der _Novara_: Anthropolog. Theil,' 1867, s. 216, 231, 234, 236, 239, 269.

[389] 'Voyage to St. Kilda' (3rd edit. 1753) p. 37.

[390] Sir J. E. Tennent, 'Ceylon,' vol. ii. 1859, p. 107.

[391] Quatref.a.ges, 'Revue des Cours Scientifiques,' Aug. 29, 1868, p. 630; Vogt, 'Lectures on Man,' Eng. translat. p. 127.

[392] On the beards of negroes, Vogt, 'Lectures,' &c. ibid. p.

127; Waitz, 'Introduct. to Anthropology,' Engl. translat. 1863, vol. i. p. 96. It is remarkable that in the United States ('Investigations in Military and Anthropological Statistics of American Soldiers,' 1869, p. 569) the pure negroes and their crossed offspring seem to have bodies almost as hairy as those of Europeans.

[393] Wallace, 'The Malay Arch.' vol. ii. 1869, p. 178.

[394] Dr. J. Barnard Davis on Oceanic Races, in 'Anthropolog.

Review,' April, 1870, p. 185, 191.

[395] Catlin, 'North American Indians,' 3rd edit. 1842, vol.

ii. p. 227. On the Guaranys, see Azara, 'Voyages dans l'Amerique Merid.' tom. ii. 1809, p. 58; also Rengger, 'Saugethiere von Paraguay,' s. 3.

[396] Prof. and Mrs. Aga.s.siz ('Journey in Brazil,' p. 530) remark that the s.e.xes of the American Indians differ less than those of the negroes and of the higher races. See also Rengger, ibid. p. 3, on the Guaranys.

[397] Rutimeyer, 'Die Grenzen der Thierwelt; eine Betrachtung zu Darwin's Lehre,' 1868, s. 54.

[398] 'A Journey from Prince of Wales Fort,' 8vo. edit. Dublin, 1796, p. 104. Sir J. Lubbock ('Origin of Civilisation,' 1870, p. 69) gives other and similar cases in North America. For the Guanas of S. America see Azara, 'Voyages,' &c. tom. ii. p. 94.

[399] On the fighting of the male gorillas, see Dr. Savage, in 'Boston Journal of Nat. Hist.' vol. v. 1847, p. 423. On _Presbytis entellus_, see the 'Indian Field,' 1859, p. 146.