[320] 'Animal Economy,' p. 45.

[321] See also Richardson's 'Manual on the Dog,' p. 59. Much valuable information on the Scottish deerhound is given by Mr.

McNeill, who first called attention to the inequality in size between the s.e.xes, in Scrope's 'Art of Deer Stalking.' I hope that Mr. Cupples will keep to his intention of publishing a full account and history of this famous breed.

[322] Brehm, 'Thierleben,' B. ii. s. 729-732.

[323] See Mr. Wallace's interesting account of this animal, 'The Malay Archipelago,' 1869, vol. i. p. 435.

[324] 'The Times,' Nov. 10th, 1857. In regard to the Canada lynx, see Audubon and Bachman, 'Quadrupeds of N. America,'

1846, p. 139.

[325] Dr. Murie, on Otaria, 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.' 1869, p. 109.

Mr. J. A. Allen, in the paper above quoted (p. 75), doubts whether the hair, which is longer on the neck in the male than in the female, deserves to be called a mane.

[326] Mr. b.o.n.e.r in his excellent description of the habits of the red-deer in Germany ('Forest Creatures,' 1861, p. 81) says, "while the stag is defending his rights against one intruder, another invades the sanctuary of his harem, and carries off trophy after trophy." Exactly the same thing occurs with seals, see Mr. J. A. Allen, ibid. p. 100.

[327] Mr. J. A. Allen in 'Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoolog. of Cambridge, United States,' vol. ii. No. 1, p. 99.

[328] 'Dogs: their Management,' by E. Mayhew, M.R.C.V.S., 2nd edit. 1864, p. 187-192.

[329] Quoted by Alex. Walker 'On Intermarriage,' 1838, p. 276; see also p. 244.

[330] 'Traite de l'Hered. Nat.' tom. ii. 1850, p. 296.

[331] 'Amnitates Acad.' vol. iv. 1788, p. 160.

[332] Owen, 'Anatomy of Vertebrates,' vol. iii. p. 585.

[333] Ibid. p. 595.

[334] See, for instance, Major W. Ross King ('The Sportsman in Canada,' 1866, p. 53, 131) on the habits of the moose and wild reindeer.

[335] Owen, 'Anatomy of Vertebrates,' vol. iii. p. 600.

[336] Mr. Green, in 'Journal of Linn. Soc.' vol. x. Zoology, 1869, p. 362.

[337] C. L. Martin, 'General Introduction to the Nat. Hist. of Mamm. Animals,' 1841, p. 431.

[338] 'Naturgeschichte der Saugethiere von Paraguay,' 1830, s.

15, 21.

[339] On the sea-elephant, see an article by Lesson, in 'Dict.

Cla.s.s. Hist. Nat.' tom. xiii. p. 418. For the Cystophora or Stemmatopus, see Dr. Dekay, 'Annals of Lyceum of Nat. Hist. New York,' vol. i. 1824, p. 94. Pennant has also collected information from the sealers on this animal. The fullest account is given by Mr. Brown, who doubts about the rudimentary condition of the bladder in the female, in 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.'

1868, p. 435.

[340] As with the castoreum of the beaver, see Mr. L. H.

Morgan's most interesting work, 'The American Beaver,' 1868, p.

300. Pallas ('Spic. Zoolog.' fasc. viii. 1779, p. 23) has well discussed the odoriferous glands of mammals. Owen ('Anat. of Vertebrates,' vol. iii. p. 634) also gives an account of these glands, including those of the elephant, and (p. 763) those of shrew-mice.

[341] Rengger, 'Naturgeschichte der Saugethiere von Paraguay,'

1830, s. 355. This observer also gives some curious particulars in regard to the odour emitted.

[342] Owen, 'Anatomy of Vertebrates,' vol. iii. p. 632. See, also, Dr. Murie's observations on their glands in 'Proc.

Zoolog. Soc.' 1870, p. 340. Desmarest, On the _Antilope subgutturosa_, 'Mammalogie,' 1820, p. 455.

[343] Pallas, 'Spicilegia Zoolog.' fasc. xiii. 1799, p. 24; Desmoulins, 'Dict. Cla.s.s. d'Hist. Nat.' tom. iii. p. 586.

[344] Dr. Gray, 'Gleanings from the Menagerie at Knowsley,' pl.

28.

[345] Judge Caton on the wapiti, 'Transact. Ottawa Acad. Nat.

Sciences,' 1868, p. 36, 40; Blyth, 'Land and Water,' on _Capra aegagrus_, 1867, p. 37.

[346] 'Hunter's Essays and Observations,' edited by Owen, 1861, vol. i. p. 236.

[347] See Dr. Gray's 'Cat. of Mammalia in British Museum,' part iii. 1852, p. 144.

[348] Rengger, 'Saugethiere,' &c., s. 14; Desmarest, 'Mammalogie,' p. 66.

[349] See the chapters on these several animals in vol. i. of my 'Variation of Animals under Domestication;' also vol. ii. p.

73; also chap. xx. on the practice of selection by semi-civilised people. For the Berbura goat, see Dr. Gray, 'Catalogue,' ibid. p. 157.

[350] _Osphranter rufus_, Gould, 'Mammals of Australia,' vol.

ii. 1863. On the Didelphis, Desmarest, 'Mammalogie,' p. 256.

[351] 'Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist.' Nov. 1867, p. 325. On the _Mus minutus_, Desmarest, 'Mammalogie,' p. 304.

[352] J. A. Allen, in 'Bulletin of Mus. Comp. Zoolog. of Cambridge, United States,' 1869, p. 207.

[353] Desmarest, 'Mammalogie,' 1820, p. 223. On _Felis mitis_, Rengger, ibid. s. 194.

[354] Dr. Murie on the Otaria, 'Proc. Zool. Soc.' 1869, p. 108.

Mr. R. Brown, on the _P. groenlandica_, ibid. 1868, p. 417. See also on the colours of seals, Desmarest, ibid. p. 243, 249.

[355] Judge Caton, in 'Trans. Ottawa Acad. of Nat. Sciences,'

1868, p. 4.

[356] Dr. Gray, 'Cat. of Mamm. in Brit. Mus.' part iii. 1852, p. 134-142; also Dr. Gray, 'Gleanings from the Menagerie of Knowsley,' in which there is a splendid drawing of the Oreas derbya.n.u.s: see the text on Tragelaphus. For the Cape Eland (_Oreas canna_), see Andrew Smith, 'Zoology of S. Africa,' pl.

41 and 42. There are also many of these antelopes in the Zoological Society's Gardens.

[357] On the _Ant. niger_, see 'Proc. Zool. Soc.' 1850, p. 133.

With respect to an allied species, in which there is an equal s.e.xual difference in colour, see Sir S. Baker, 'The Albert Nyanza,' 1866, vol. ii. p. 327. For the _A. sing-sing_, Gray, 'Cat. B. Mus.' p. 100. Desmarest, Mammalogie,' p. 468, on the _A. caama_. Andrew Smith, 'Zoology of S. Africa,' on the Gnu.

[358] 'Ottawa Academy of Sciences,' May 21, 1868, p. 3, 5.

[359] S. Muller, on the Banteng, 'Zoog. Indischen Archipel.'

1839-1844, tab. 35; see also Raffles, as quoted by Mr. Blyth, in 'Land and Water,' 1867, p. 476. On goats, Dr. Gray, 'Cat.

Brit. Mus.' p. 146; Desmarest, 'Mammalogie,' p. 482. On the _Cervus paludosus_, Rengger, ibid. s. 345.