[1553] Darrington _v._ Bank of Alabama, 13 How. 12, 15 (1851); Curran _v._ Arkansas, 15 How. 304, 317 (1853).

[1554] Briscoe _v._ Bank of Kentucky, 11 Pet. 257 (1837).

[1555] Woodruff _v._ Trapnall, 10 How. 190, 205 (1851).

[1556] Legal Tender Cases, 110 U.S. 421, 446 (1884).

[1557] Gwin _v._ Breedlove, 2 How. 29, 38 (1844). _See also_ Griffin _v._ Thompson, 2 How. 244 (1844).

[1558] Farmers & Merchants Bank _v._ Federal Reserve Bank, 262 U.S. 649, 659 (1923).

[1559] c.u.mmings _v._ Missouri, 4 Wall. 277, 323 (1867); Klinger _v._ Missouri, 13 Wall. 257 (1872); Pierce _v._ Carskadon, 16 Wall. 234, 239 (1873). _See_ p. 317, _supra_, and p. 327, _post_.

[1560] Calder _v._ Bull, 3 Dall. 386, 390 (1798); Watson _v._ Mercer, 8 Pet. 88, 110 (1834); Baltimore & S.R. Co. _v._ Nesbit, 10 How. 395, 401 (1850); Carpenter _v._ Pennsylvania, 17 How. 456, 463 (1855); Loche _v._ New Orleans, 4 Wall. 172 (1867); Orr _v._ Gilman, 183 U.S. 278, 285 (1902); Kentucky Union Co. _v._ Kentucky, 219 U.S. 140 (1911).

[1561] Frank _v._ Mangum, 237 U.S. 300, 344 (1915); Ross _v._ Oregon, 227 U.S. 150, 161 (1913).

[1562] Jaehne _v._ New York, 128 U.S. 189, 190 (1888).

[1563] Rooney _v._ North Dakota, 196 U.S. 319, 325 (1905).

[1564] Chicago & A.R. Co. _v._ Tranbarger, 238 U.S. 67 (1915).

[1565] Samuels _v._ McCurdy, 267 U.S. 188 (1925).

[1566] Hawker _v._ New York, 170 U.S. 189, 190 (1898). _See also_ Reetz _v._ Michigan, 188 U.S. 505, 509 (1903); Lehmann _v._ State Board of Public Accountancy, 263 U.S. 394 (1923).

[1567] c.u.mmings _v._ Missouri, 4 Wall. 277, 316 (1867).

[1568] Pierce _v._ Carskadon, 16 Wall. 234 (1873).

[1569] Lindsey _v._ Washington, 301 U.S. 397 (1937).

[1570] Kring _v._ Missouri, 107 U.S. 221 (1883).

[1571] Holden _v._ Minnesota, 137 U.S. 483, 491 (1890).

[1572] Ex parte Medley, 134 U.S. 160, 171 (1890).

[1573] Gryger _v._ Burke, 334 U.S. 728 (1948); McDonald _v._ Ma.s.sachusetts, 180 U.S. 311 (1901); Graham _v._ West Virginia, 224 U.S.

616 (1912).

[1574] Malloy _v._ South Carolina, 237 U.S. 180 (1915).

[1575] Rooney _v._ North Dakota, 196 U.S. 319, 324 (1905).

[1576] Gibson _v._ Mississippi, 162 U.S. 565, 590 (1896).

[1577] Duncan _v._ Missouri, 152 U.S. 377, 382 (1894).

[1578] Gut _v._ Minnesota, 9 Wall. 35, 37 (1870).

[1579] Duncan _v._ Missouri, 152 U.S. 377 (1894).

[1580] Mallett _v._ North Carolina, 181 U.S. 589, 593 (1901).

[1581] Gibson _v._ Mississippi, 162 U.S. 565, 588 (1896).

[1582] Beazell _v._ Ohio, 269 U.S. 167 (1925).

[1583] Thompson _v._ Missouri, 171 U.S. 380, 381 (1898).

[1584] Thompson _v._ Utah, 170 U.S. 343 (1898).

[1585] Dodge _v._ Woolsey, 18 How. 331 (1856); Railroad Co. _v._ McClure, 10 Wall. 511 (1871); New Orleans Gaslight Co. _v._ Louisiana Light & Heat Producing & Mfg. Co., 115 U.S. 650 (1885); Bier _v._ McGehee, 148 U.S. 137, 140 (1893).

[1586] New Orleans Waterworks Co. _v._ Rivers, 115 U.S. 674 (1885); Walla Walla _v._ Walla Walla Water Co., 172 U.S. 1 (1898); Vicksburg _v._ Vicksburg Waterworks Co., 202 U.S. 453 (1906); Atlantic Coast Line R. Co. _v._ Goldsboro, 232 U.S. 548 (1914); Cuyahoga River Power Co.

_v._ Akron, 240 U.S. 462 (1916).

[1587] The above; _also_ Grand Trunk Western R. Co. _v._ Railroad Commission, 221 U.S. 400 (1911); Louisville & N.R. Co. _v._ Garrett, 231 U.S. 298 (1913); Appleby _v._ Delaney, 271 U.S. 403 (1926).

[1588] Central Land Co. _v._ Laidley, 159 U.S. 103 (1895). _See also_ New Orleans Waterworks Co. _v._ Louisiana Sugar Ref. Co., 125 U.S. 18 (1888); Hanford _v._ Davies, 163 U.S. 273 (1896); Ross _v._ Oregon, 227 U.S. 150 (1913); Detroit United R. Co. _v._ Michigan, 242 U.S. 238 (1916); Long Sault Development Co. _v._ Call, 242 U.S. 272 (1916); McCoy _v._ Union Elev. Co., 247 U.S. 354 (1918); Columbia R. Gas & E. Co. _v._ South Carolina, 261 U.S. 236 (1923); Tidal Oil Co. _v._ Flanagan, 263 U.S. 444 (1924).

[1589] Jefferson Branch Bank _v._ Skelly, 1 Bl. 436, 443 (1862); Bridge Proprietors _v._ Hoboken Co., 1 Wall. 116, 145 (1863); Wright _v._ Nagle, 101 U.S. 791, 793 (1880); and McGahey _v._ Virginia, 135 U.S.

662, 667 (1890); Scott _v._ McNeal, 154 U.S. 34, 45 (1894); Stearns _v._ Minnesota, 179 U.S. 223, 232-233 (1900); Coombes _v._ Getz, 285 U.S.

434, 441 (1932); Atlantic C.L.R. Co. _v._ Phillips, 332 U.S. 168, 170 (1947).

[1590] McCullough _v._ Virginia, 172 U.S. 102 (1898); Houston & Texas Central R.R. Co. _v._ Texas, 177 U.S. 66, 76, 77 (1900); Hubert _v._ New Orleans, 215 U.S. 170, 175 (1909); Carondelet Ca.n.a.l Co. _v._ Louisiana, 233 U.S. 362, 376 (1914); Louisiana Ry. & Nav. Co. _v._ New Orleans, 235 U.S. 164, 171 (1914).

[1591] State Bank of Ohio _v._ Knoop, 16 How. 369 (1854), and Ohio Life Insurance & Trust Co. _v._ Debolt, 16 How. 416 (1854) are the leading cases. _See also_ Jefferson Branch Bank _v._ Skelly, 1 Bl. 436 (1862); Louisiana _v._ Pilsbury, 105 U.S. 278 (1882); McGahey _v._ Virginia, 135 U.S. 662 (1890); Mobile & Ohio R.R. Co. _v._ Tennessee, 153 U.S. 486 (1894); Bacon _v._ Texas, 163 U.S. 207 (1896); McCullough _v._ Virginia, 172 U.S. 102 (1898).

[1592] Gelpcke _v._ Dubuque, 1 Wall. 175, 206 (1864); Havemeyer _v._ Iowa County, 3 Wall. 294 (1866); Thompson _v._ Lee County, 3 Wall. 327 (1866); Kenosha _v._ Lamson, 9 Wall. 477 (1870); Olcott _v._ Fond du Lac County, 16 Wall. 678 (1873); Taylor _v._ Ypsilanti, 105 U.S. 60 (1882); Anderson _v._ Santa Anna, 116 U.S. 356 (1886); Wilkes County _v._ Coler, 180 U.S. 506 (1901).

[1593] Great Southern Fire Proof Hotel Co. _v._ Jones, 193 U.S. 532, 548 (1904).

[1594] Sauer _v._ New York, 206 U.S. 536 (1907); Muhlker _v._ New York & H.R. Co., 197 U.S. 544, 570 (1905).

[1595] Tidal Oil Company _v._ Flanagan, 263 U.S. 444, 450, 451-452 (1924).

[1596] Walker _v._ Whitehead, 16 Wall. 314 (1873); Wood _v._ Lovett, 313 U.S. 362, 370 (1941).

[1597] 4 Wheat. 122, 197 (1819); _see also_ Curran _v._ Arkansas, 15 How. 304 (1853).

[1598] 4 Wheat. 518 (1819).

[1599] Ibid. 627.

[1600] 290 U.S. 398 (1934).