[1453] Goto _v._ Lane, 265 U.S. 393 (1924).

[1454] Salinger _v._ Loisel, 265 U.S. 224 (1924).

[1455] Wong Doo _v._ United States, 265 U.S. 239 (1924).

[1456] Price _v._ Johnston, 334 U.S. 266, 294 (1948).

[1457] Corwin, The President, Office and Powers, 178 (3d ed., 1948).

[1458] Ex parte Bollman, 4 Cr. 75, 101 (1807).

[1459] Messages and Papers of the Presidents, VII, 3219 (1897).

[1460] Fed. Cas. No. 9, 487 (1861).

[1461] 10 Op. Atty. Gen. 74, 89 (1861-1863).

[1462] 12 Stat. 755 (1863).

[1463] 4 Wall. 2 (1866).

[1464] Ibid. 114.

[1465] Story, Commentaries on the Const.i.tution, II, -- 1344 (4th ed., 1873).

[1466] c.u.mmings _v._ Missouri, 4 Wall. 277, 323 (1867).

[1467] United States _v._ Lovett, 328 U.S. 303, 315 (1946).

[1468] Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall. 333, 377 (1867).

[1469] United States _v._ Lovett, 328 U.S. 303 (1946).

[1470] Story, Commentaries on the Const.i.tution, II, -- 1345.

[1471] 3 Dall. 386, 393 (1798).

[1472] Bankers Trust Co. _v._ Blodgett, 260 U.S. 647, 652 (1923).

[1473] Burgess _v._ Salmon, 97 U.S. 381 (1878).

[1474] Calder _v._ Bull, 3 Dall. 386, 390 (1798); Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall. 333, 377 (1867); Burgess _v._ Salmon, 97 U.S. 381, 384 (1878).

[1475] United States _v._ Powers, 307 U.S. 214 (1939).

[1476] Neely _v._ Henkel, 180 U.S. 109, 123 (1901). _Cf._ In re Yamas.h.i.ta, 327 U.S. 1, 26 (1946) (dissenting opinion of Justice Murphy); Hirota _v._ MacArthur, 338 U.S. 197, 199 (1948) (concurring opinion of Justice Douglas).

[1477] Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall. 333 (1867).

[1478] Murphy _v._ Ramsey, 114 U.S. 15 (1885).

[1479] Mahler _v._ Eby, 264 U.S. 32 (1924); Bugajewitz _v._ Adams, 228 U.S. 585 (1913).

[1480] Johannessen _v._ United States, 225 U.S. 227 (1912).

[1481] Cook _v._ United States, 138 U.S. 157, 183 (1891).

[1482] Calder _v._ Bull, 3 Dall. 386, 390 (1798).

[1483] Hopt _v._ Utah, 110 U.S. 574, 589 (1884).

[1484] 157 U.S. 429, 573 (1895).

[1485] 2 Madison, The Const.i.tutional Convention, 208 (Hunt's ed., 1908).

[1486] 3 Dall. 171 (1796).

[1487] 7 Hamilton's Works, 845, 848 (Hamilton's ed., 1851). "If the meaning of the word _excise_ is to be sought in the British statutes, it will be found to include the duty on carriages, which is there considered as an _excise_, and then must necessarily be uniform and liable to apportionment; consequently, not a direct tax." Ibid.

[1488] 4 Annals of Congress, 730 (1794); 2 Madison's Writings, 14, (Library of Congress ed., 1865) (Letter to Thomas Jefferson, May 11, 1794).

[1489] 3 Dall. 171, 177 (1796).

[1490] Pacific Ins. Co. _v._ Soule, 7 Wall. 433 (1869).

[1491] Veazie Bank _v._ Fenno, 8 Wall. 533 (1869).

[1492] Scholey _v._ Rew, 23 Wall. 331 (1875).

[1493] Springer _v._ United States, 102 U.S. 586 (1881).

[1494] Ibid. 602.

[1495] 157 U.S. 429 (1895); 158 U.S. 601 (1895).

[1496] 28 Stat. 509 (1894).

[1497] Stanton _v._ Baltic Mining Co., 240 U.S. 103 (1916); Knowlton _v._ Moore, 178 U.S. 41, 80 (1900).

[1498] Nicol _v._ Ames, 173 U.S. 509 (1899).

[1499] Knowlton _v._ Moore, 178 U.S. 41 (1900).

[1500] Patton _v._ Brady, 184 U.S. 608 (1902).

[1501] 192 U.S. 363 (1904).

[1502] Ibid. 370.