Some one has said that Ch. 1 is Ruth deciding, Ch. 2 is Ruth serving, Ch. 3 is Ruth resting, Ch. 4 is Ruth rewarded.

For Study and Discussion. (1) Each of the characters of the book. (2) The whole story of Ruth in comparison with the stories of Judges (Chs.

17-21) to get a view of the best and worst in their social conditions.

(3) The value of a trusting soul (Ruth).

Chapter VIII. First and Second Samuel.

Name. The name is taken from the history of the life of Samuel recorded in the early part of the book. It means "asked of G.o.d." The two were formerly one book and called the "First Book of Kings," the two books of Kings being one book and called Second Kings. Samuel and Kings form a continuous story, and give us a record of the rise, glory and fall of the Jewish Monarchy.

First Samuel.

Contents. This book begins with the story of Eli. the aged priest, judge and leader of the people. It records the birth and childhood of Samuel, who later becomes priest and prophet of the people. It tells of Saul's elevation to the throne and of his final downfall. Along with this is also given the growing power of David, who is to succeed Saul as king.

The Prophets. Samuel was not only both judge and priest and prophet, but as prophet he performed conspicuous services in several directions. Probably the most notable of all his work was the establishment of schools of prophets, which greatly dignified the work of the prophets. After this time, the prophet and not the priest was the medium of communication between G.o.d and his people.

Saul. As king, Saul began well and under favorable circ.u.mstances. He gave himself to military exploits and neglected the finer spiritual matters and soon made a complete break with Samuel, who represented the religious-national cla.s.s-and thereby lost the support of the best elements of the nation. He then became morose and melancholy and insanely jealous in conduct and could not, therefore, understand the higher religious experiences that were necessary as a representative of Jehovah on the throne of Israel.

a.n.a.lysis.

I. Career of Samuel, Chs. 1-7.

1. His birth and call, Chs. 1-3.

2. His conflict with the Philistines, Chs. 4-7.

II. Career of Saul to his rejection, Chs. 8-15.

1. Chosen as King, Chs. 8-10.

2. Wars with Philistines, Chs. 11-14.

3. He is rejected, Chs. 15.

III. Career of Saul after his rejection. Chs. 16-31.

1. While David is at his court, Chs. 16-20.

2. While David is a refugee in Judah. Chs. 21-26.

3. While David is a refugee in Philistia. Chs. 27-31.

For Study and Discussion. (1) The story of Eli and his sons. (2) The birth and call of Samuel. (3) The anointing of Saul. (4) The anointing of David. (5) The evils of jealousy as seen in Saul. (6) The importance of respect for existing forms of government-see David's att.i.tude toward Saul. (7) How a man's att.i.tude toward G.o.d and his servants can make or mar his destiny. (8) Examples of how G.o.d uses both good and bad carrying forward his purposes.

Second Samuel.

In this book, there is given the story of the career of David while king of Israel. He was the strongest king Israel ever had and was characterized as a fine executive, a skillful soldier and of a deeply religious disposition. He was not without his faults, but in spite of them developed a great empire.

a.n.a.lysis.

I. His Reign Over Judah a Hebren, Chs. 1-4.

II. His reign Over All Israel, Chs. 5-10.

III. His Great Sin and Its Results, Chs. 11-20.

IV. An Appendix, Chs. 21-34.

For Study and Discussion. (1) How David became king. (2) His victories in war. (3) His great sin and some of its consequences. (4) His kindness toward his enemies (see also his att.i.tude toward Saul recorded in First Samuel). (5) The kindness of G.o.d as ill.u.s.trated by the story of David's kindness to Mephibosheth, Ch. 9. (6) David's psalm of praise, Chs. 22-23. (7) The different occasions when David showed a penitent spirit (8) The great pestilence. Ch. 24.

Chapter IX.

First and Second Kings.

Name. The name is taken from the Kings whose deeds they narrate.

Contents. It takes up the history of Israel where Second Samuel left off and gives the account of the death of David, the reign of Solomon, the Divided Kingdom, and the captivity.

Purpose. The political changes of Israel are given in order to show the religious condition. Everywhere there is a conflict between faith and unbelief, between the worship of Jehovah and the worship of Baal.

We see wicked kings who introduce false worship and righteous kings who bring about reforms and try to overthrow false worship. Israel yields to evil and is finally cut off, but Judah repents and is restored to perpetuate the kingdom and to be the medium through which Jesus came.

The Kingdom of Solomon. Solomon began in glory, flourished a while and then ended in disgrace. He sacrificed the most sacred principles of the nation in order to form alliances with other nations. He attempted to concentrate all worship on Mount Moriah, probably hoping that in this way he might control all nations. He finally became a tyrant and robbed the people of their liberty.

The Two Kingdoms. This is a sad story of dissension and war and defeat. Israel or the northern kingdom was always jealous of Judah. It was by far the stronger and possessed a much larger and more fertile land. There were nineteen king, from Jeroboam to Hoshea, whose names and the number of years they reigned should be learned together with the amount of scripture included in the story of each. Judah or the southern kingdom was always a little more faithful to the true worship. There were twenty kings, from Rehoboam to Zedekiah, whose lives with the number of years they reigned and the scripture pa.s.sages describing each, should be tabulated and learned.

The Captivity. It is made clear that the captivity is because of sin.

G.o.d having spared them for a long time. (1) Israel was taken captivity by the a.s.syrian Empire, whose capital was Nineveh. This marks the end of the northern tribes. (2) Judah was captured by the Babylonian Empire, but after a period of seventy years, the people were restored to their own land.

a.n.a.lysis of First Kings.

I. The Reign of Solomon, Chs. 1-11.

1. His accession, Chs. 1-4.

2. Building the Temple, Chs. 5-8.

3. His greatness and sin, Chs. 9-11.

II. The Revolt and Sin of The Ten Tribes. Chs. 12-16.

III. The Reign of Ahab and the Career of Elijah, Chs. 17-22.

a.n.a.lysis of Second Kings.

I. The last days of Elijah, Chs. 1-2.