"Every settler...interdicts slavery": SPC, Speech of Salmon P. Chase in the Case of the Colored Woman, Matilda: Who was Brought Before the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton County, Ohio, by Writ of Habeas Corpus, March 11, 1837 (Cincinnati: Pugh & Dodd, 1837), pp. 29, 30, 8.

they were printed in pamphlet form: SPC, Speech of Salmon P. Chase in the Case of the Colored Woman, Matilda. 110 Chase versus the Garrisonians: Hart, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 50, 5556, 65.

"a covenant with...agreement with h.e.l.l": Quoted in James Brewer Stewart, William Lloyd Garrison and the Challenge of Emanc.i.p.ation. American Biographical History Series (Arlington Heights, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, 1992), p. 164.

Chase decided, to try for public office...city establishments: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 5759.

the "vital question of slavery": SPC to Charles D. Cleveland, August 29, 1840, reel 5, Chase Papers.

Chase and the Liberty Party: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 6770; Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), pp. 7881. See also "Liberty Party," in The Reader's Companion to American History, ed. Foner and Garraty, p. 657.

"to interfere...where it exists": "Proceedings and Resolutions of the Ohio Liberty Convention," Philanthropist, December 29, 1841, quoted in Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 68.

"without const.i.tutional warrant": SPC to Gerrit Smith, May 14, 1842, reel 5, Chase Papers.

"has seen so little...the very first": SPC to Joshua R. Giddings, January 21, 1842, reel 5, Chase Papers.

"there can be only...criminal than unwise": WHS to SPC, August 4, 1845, reel 6, Chase Papers.

"educated in the Whig school"... defining characteristics: SPC to Lyman Hall, August 6, 1849, quoted in Warden, Private Life and Public Services, p. 331.

decision to leave...for Seward: Gienapp, The Origins of the Republican Party, p. 7.

"one idea"...than with the Whigs: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 62 (quote), 67, 88, 9091.

Chase shifted his positions: Hendrick, Lincoln's War Cabinet, p. 40.

Cincinnati was a natural destination: de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, p. 345.

"Attorney General for the Negro": Donnal V. Smith, "Salmon P. Chase and the Election of 1860," OAHQ 39 (July 1930), p. 515.

represented John Van Zandt: See Hart, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 7578; Schuckers, The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase, pp. 5366; Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 7683.

"Moved by sympathy...very willingly": SPC to Trowbridge, March 18, 1864, reel 32, Chase Papers.

"Under the const.i.tution...which made him a slave": SPC, Reclamation of Fugitives from Service: An Argument for the Defendant, Submitted to the Supreme Court of the United States, at the December Term, 1846, in the Case of Wharton Jones vs. John Vanzandt (Cincinnati: R. P. Donogh & Co., 1847), pp. 8284.

"a creature of state law": Chase, Reclamation of Fugitives from Service, p. 81.

"There goes...himself to-day": Unnamed judge in Van Zandt trial quoted in Life and Letters of Harriet Beecher Stowe, ed. Annie Fields (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1897; Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1970), p. 145.

Chase enlisted Seward's help as co-counsel: WHS, In the Supreme Court of the United States: John Van Zandt, ad sectum Wharton Jones: Argument for the Defendant (Albany, N.Y.: Weed & Parsons, 1847); Seward, Seward at Washington...18461861, pp. 3940; Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 83.

"poor old Van Zandt...be a gainer": SPC to CS, April 24, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers (quote); SPC to Trowbridge, March 18, 1864, reel 32, Chase Papers.

argument reprinted in pamphlet form: See SPC, Reclamation of Fugitives from Service.

"the question...a political movement": CS to SPC, March 12, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.

Adams and Hale: Charles Francis Adams to SPC, March 4, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers; SPC to John P. Hale, May 12, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.

"chaste and beautiful...own fame": WHS to SPC, February 18, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.

"one of the gratifications...greatest too": SPC to Lewis Tappan, March 18, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.

In grat.i.tude...sterling silver pitcher: For a description of the event, see The Address and Reply on the Presentation of a Testimonial to S. P. Chase, by the Colored People of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, Ohio: Henry W. Derby & Co., 1845); Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 8586.

"whenever the friendless...unto me!": "Mr. Gordon's Address," in The Address and Reply on the Presentation of a Testimonial to S. P. Chase, pp. 1213, 18.

Chase's reply: "Reply of Mr. Chase," in ibid., pp. 1935.

did not make friends easily: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 130.

"little of human nature": Lloyd, "Home-Life of Salmon Portland Chase," Atlantic Monthly, p. 534.

"profoundly versed...of men": Whitelaw Reid, Ohio in the War, paraphrased in Warden, Private Life and Public Services, p. 244.

Edwin M. Stanton: Frank Abial Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton: The Autocrat of Rebellion, Emanc.i.p.ation, and Reconstruction (Akron, Ohio: Saalfield Publishing Co., 1905), p. 24; Belden and Belden, So Fell the Angels, p. 77; Henry Wilson, "Jeremiah S. Black and Edwin M. Stanton," Atlantic Monthly 26 (October 1870), pp. 46970.

"when he was a boy...to slavery": William Thaw, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 25.

death had pursued Stanton: Pamphila Stanton Wolcott, "Edwin M. Stanton: A Biographical Sketch," Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio; EMS, "Mary Lamson, Wife of Edwin M. Stanton, and their infant daughter Lucy," Edwin M. Stanton Ma.n.u.script, Mss. 1648, Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, Louisiana State University Libraries, Baton Rouge, La.

"Since our pleasant...face to face": EMS to SPC, November 30, 1846, reel 6, Chase Papers.

"Taxation...sincere love for you": EMS to SPC, August 1846, reel 6, Chase Papers.

Stanton felt free..."careless of the future": EMS to SPC, November 30, 1846, reel 6, Chase Papers.

"Many weeks...post office each day": EMS to SPC, January 5, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.

"Rejoicing, as I do...upon your mercy": EMS to SPC, March 11, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.

"filled my heart...bid you farewell": EMS to SPC, December 2, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.

"How much I regret...not have left home": SPC to EMS, January 9, 1848, reel 1, Papers of Edwin M. Stanton, Ma.n.u.script Division, Library of Congress [hereafter Stanton Papers, DLC].

"The practice of law...of the camp": EMS to SPC, May 27, 1849, reel 7, Chase Papers.

"While public honors...inestimable value": EMS to SPC, May 27, 1849, reel 7, Chase Papers.

"well aware...among men": EMS to SPC, June 28, 1850, reel 8, Chase Papers.

CHAPTER 4: "PLUNDER & CONQUEST"

Washington was a city in progress: Beveridge, Abraham Lincoln, 18091858, Vol. II, pp. 10103.