"slightly wrinkled...the wrinkles there": William Calkins, "The First of the Lincoln and Douglas Debates," quoted in ibid., pp. 16970.

melancholy does not have: See Jerome Kagan, Galen's Prophecy: Temperament in Human Nature, with the collaboration of Nancy Snidman, Doreen Arcus, and J. Steven Reznick (New York: Basic Books, 1994), pp. 78.

"a tendency to...not a fault": AL to Mary Speed, September 27, 1841, in CW, I, p. 261.

"Melancholy...a sense of humor": Thomas Pynchon, introduction to The Teachings of Don B.: Satires, Parodies, Fables, Ill.u.s.trated Stories, and Plays of Donald Barthelme, ed. Kim Herzinger (New York: Turtle Bay Books, Random House, 1992), p. xviii.

"When he first came...boiled over": James H. Matheny interview, November 1866, in HI, p. 432.

"he emerged...he lived, again": Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln, p. 147.

"necessary to his...relaxation in anecdotes": Joshua F. Speed to WHH, December 6, 1866, in HI, p. 499.

He laughed, he explained: Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln, p. 148.

"joyous, universal evergreen of life": AL, quoted in Nicolay, Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln, p. 16.

"to whistle off sadness": David Davis interview, September 20, 1866, in HI, pp. 348, 350.

"Humor, like hope...to be borne": George E. Vaillant, The Wisdom of the Ego, p. 73.

"Humor can be marvelously...corrosive": Unnamed source, quoted in ibid., p. 73.

to rescue a pig..."his own mind": AL, quoted in Nicolay, Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln, p. 81.

tortured turtles..."it was wrong": Nathaniel Grigsby interview, September 12, 1865, in HI, p. 112.

He refused to hunt animals: Miller, Lincoln's Virtues, pp. 2627.

"the never-absent idea": AL to Joshua F. Speed, March 27, 1842, in CW, I, p. 282.

"By the imagination...what he feels": Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (London: A. Millar, 1759; facsimile, New York: Garland Publishing, 1971), pp. 23.

"With his wealth...that way themselves": Nicolay, Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 213, 77, 78.

marriage was tumultuous...was harder for Mary: With Malice Toward None, pp. 6970; Strozier, Lincoln's Quest for Union, p. 119; Baker, Mary Todd Lincoln, pp. 10510.

Lincoln helped with the marketing and the dishes: Burlingame, The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln, p. 279.

Julia Bates's early marriage: Darby, "Mrs. Julia Bates" in Bates, Bates, et al., of Virginia and Missouri, n.p.; EB to Frederick Bates, June 15 and July 19, 1818, quoted in ibid.

Frances Seward spared household ch.o.r.es: Seward, An Autobiography, pp. 62, 382, 466; Patricia C. Johnson, "'I Could Not be Well or Happy at Home...When Called to the Councils of My Country': Politics and the Seward Family," University of Rochester Library Bulletin 31 [hereafter URLB] (Autumn 1978), pp. 42, 47, 49.

Lincolns detached from respective families: Baker, Mary Todd Lincoln, pp. 10507, 11112.

When Lincoln was away: Ibid., pp. 10809.

Frances's family surrounded her: Johnson, "I Could Not be Well or Happy at Home," URLB, p. 42.

Julia Bates's family in St. Louis: Bates, Bates, et al., of Virginia and Missouri, n.p.

"the kindest...was necessary": MTL interview, September 1866, in HI, p. 357.

a gentle and indulgent father: Herndon and Weik, Herndon's Life of Lincoln, p. 344. See also "'Unrestrained by Parental Tyranny': Lincoln and His Sons," chapter 3 in Burlingame, The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 5772.

"litterally ran over...their importunities": Joseph Gillespie to WHH, January 31, 1866, in HI, p. 181.

"It is my pleasure...child to its parent": AL, quoted in MTL interview, September 1866, in ibid., p. 357.

"Now if you should...he is mistaken": AL to Richard S. Thomas, February 14, 1843, in CW, I, p. 307.

"That 'union is strength'...'cannot stand'": "Campaign Circular from Whig Committee," March 4, 1843, in ibid., p. 315.

"We had a meeting...own dear 'gal'": AL to Joshua F. Speed, March 24, 1843, in ibid., p. 319.

his defeat in Sangamon..."family distinction": AL to Martin S. Morris, March 26, 1843, in ibid., p. 320.

in Pekin...idea of rotating terms: AL, "Resolution Adopted at Whig Convention at Pekin, Illinois," May 1, 1843, in ibid., p. 322.

Lincoln left nothing to chance: Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, p. 105.

He asked friends to share...every precinct: Beveridge, Abraham Lincoln, 18091858, Vol. II, pp. 7475.

"a quiet trip...vigilance": AL to Benjamin F. James, January 14, 1846, in CW, I, p. 354.

"That Hardin is talented...'is fair play'": AL to Robert Boal, January 7, 1846, in ibid., p. 353.

"not...all other grounds": AL to John J. Hardin, February 7, 1846, in ibid., p. 364.

"I am not a politician...their ends": SPC to Charles D. Cleveland, August 29, 1840, reel 5, Chase Papers.

James G. Birney: See Betty Fladeland, James Gillespie Birney: Slaveholder to Abolitionist (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1955), esp. pp. 12936.

a group of white community leaders: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 47.

On a hot summer night...continued to publish: Fladeland, James Gillespie Birney, pp. 13637; Blue, Salmon P. Chase, p. 29.

the mob returned...tarred and feathered: Fladeland, James Gillespie Birney, pp. 14041.

he raced to the hotel..."at any time": SPC, quoted in Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 48.

"His voice and commanding...right time": Ibid.

"No man...courage and resolution": Hart, Salmon P. Chase, p. 435.

"By dedicating himself...in its pursuit": Maizlish, "Salmon P. Chase," JER (1998), p. 62.

background of the Matilda case: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 5051; Hart, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 7374; Schuckers, The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase, pp. 4144.