[Footnote 23: _O.S._, 89. Ragnvald's verses are collected in _Corpus Poet Boreale_, vol. ii, pp. 276-7. See Tudor, _O. and S._ p., 471.]

[Footnote 24: Whence the English expression "bound" for a destination by sea, i.e. "equipped," which is also a Norse word which has nothing to do with the Latin "equus" a horse.]

[Footnote 25: _O.S._, 91. Bilbao=the sea-borg on the River Nervion, not Narbonne, see Rolls Ed., p. 163, note, and _Introduction_, p.

lix.]

[Footnote 26: _O.S._, 89-99.]

[Footnote 27: _O.S._, 99 and 100.]

[Footnote 28: He was grandson of Hacon Paulson, a grandson of Thorfinn, and he was also a grandson of Helga, Moddan's daughter.]

[Footnote 29: _O.S._, 100.]

[Footnote 30: See Tudor, _O. and S._, p. 344.]

[Footnote 31: _O.S._, 101. Who this Erlend the Young was is unknown, but he can hardly have been Jarl Erlend Haraldson, Margret's nephew.

Dasent, Rolls Edit., trans., p. xi. Tudor, _O. and S._, p. 445.]

[Footnote 32: _O.S._, 102. Ingigerd would thus be born not later than 1136. She is possibly the "Ingigerthr, of women the most beautiful" in the Runes of Maeshowe.]

[Footnote 33: _O.S._, 102, not "from Beruvik," but "from the bridal"

(brudkaupi) probably.]

[Footnote 34: This may be another headland. Brimsness is suggested.

_O.P._, ii, 801, contra.]

[Footnote 35: _O.S._, 103, 104.]

[Footnote 36: _O.S._, 105. See as to Ellar-holm (h.e.l.liar-holm) Tudor, _O. and S._, 283.]

[Footnote 37: _O.S._, 110, 111.]

[Footnote 38: _O.S._, 111.]

[Footnote 39: Curle, _Early Mon. Suthd._, p. 108 No. 316; and note that the horns of the elk or reindeer have been found in Sutherland.

See _Proceedings of Scot. Antiq._, viii, p. 186; and ix, p. 324.]

[Footnote 40: Thorsdale is the valley of the Thurso River. Calfdale is the Calder Valley.]

[Footnote 41: Force; possibly Forsie, or some waterfall said to be near Achavarn on Loch Calder at the S.E. end of it. Halvard is in the _Flatey Book_ called Hoskuld. _O.P._, ii, 761, at a ruin of a castle, Tulloch-hoogie.]

[Footnote 42: _O.S._, 112, 113. "Ergin" is the plural of airidh, airidhean or "sheilings."]

[Footnote 43: _Torfaeus._ Lib. 1, c. 36, _sub. fin._, with Papal authority (_sed quaere_).]

[Footnote 44: Ingibiorg or Elin possibly married Gilchrist, Earl of Angus, as his second wife. But as to this the Sagas are silent.]

[Footnote 45: _O.S._, 113. See _O.S._, Dasent trans., p. 225. _Hakon Saga_, 169, Rolls edition.]

CHAPTER VII.

[Footnote 1: _O.S._, 114. There is a Mac William Earl of Caithness on record in 1129. _Seats Peerage_ (Paul).]

[Footnote 2: _O.S._, 81. _O.S._, Dasent trans., p. 225.]

[Footnote 3: _O.S._, 115-118.]

[Footnote 4: _Torf. Orc._, p. 153. He declined to come and fetch her.]

[Footnote 5: _O.S. Addenda_, p. 225. Rolls edition, trans.]

[Footnote 6: _Sverri Saga_, 90-93.]

[Footnote 7: _Scottish Peerage_, vol. viii, p. 318 sqq.]

[Footnote 8: Quoted by Nisbet, _Heraldry_, App. p. 183, and _Dalrymple's Collections_, 1705, pp. 66-7 "quas terras pater suus Friskin tenuit tempore regis David." Felix, Bishop of Moray, who is a witness to it, was appointed in 1162 and died not later than 1171. As to David's visit to Duffus, see _Chron. Mailros_, 74.]

[Footnote 9: Shaw's _Moray_, Edit. 1775, p. 75, "several sons." _Reg.

Morav._ p. 10, and Nos. 12, 13, 19. See _Records of the Monastery of Kinloss_, p. 112 and _Reg. Morav._, p. 456 "W. filius Frisekin. Hugo filius ejus." Lohworuora--see Lawrie, _Early Scottish Charters_, pp.

185-6 and 429-30.]

[Footnote 10: See _Lawrie Annals_, p. 389 and _Chron. Mailros_, p, 113. See _Records of Kinloss_, p. 113, "Andreas filius Willelmi Fresekin."]

[Footnote 11: _Reg. Morav._, No. 1 charter of Skelbo to Gilbert. Hugo grants it "Testibus Willielmo fratre meo, Andrea fratre meo." See also _Reg. Morav._, p. 43, No. 40, rector of St. Peter's, Duffus, and No.

119, p. 131.]

[Footnote 12: Shaw's _Moray_, edit. 1775, p. 75, and note ante, and p.

407, No. xxviii, "Willelmi filii Willelmi filii Freskini."]

[Footnote 13: Paul, _Scot. Peerage_ (Sutherland), quotes Reg. Mag.

Sigil. Augt. 1452.]

[Footnote 14: See _Robertson's Index_, p. xix. _O.P._, ii, p. 543.]

[Footnote 15: _O.P._ II, ii, 655. _Acta Parl. Scot._, 1, p. 606, _Robertson's Index_, p. xxiv.]

[Footnote 16: _Sutherland Book_, vol. iii, p. 1. It may have been hoped that Gilbert would succeed the maimed Bishop John, _Reg. Morav._ p. x.x.xiii, note.]

[Footnote 17: _Sutherland Book_, vol. iii, p. 2. The tenure was thus by Scottish service of these lands, and so also of Sutherland itself.

It was no grant for religious or charitable purposes.]

[Footnote 18: _Reg. Morav._ x.x.xv, a late marginal note.]

[Footnote 19: Lawrie, _Early Scot. Charters_, pp. 185 and 430, note, which puts the date at 1147-1150. Children, however, did witness charters, and Hugo attests last.]