[Footnote 7: _O.S._, 40.]

[Footnote 8: As to the Bishop, see _Orkney and Shetland Records_, pp. 3-8; and as to their quarrels, see _O.S._, 40.; _Magnus Saga the Longer_, 6 and 8. For St. Magnus, see Pinkerton's _Lives of the Scottish Saints_, revised by W.M. Metcalfe (Paisley, Alexander Gardner, 1889), p. xlii, and pp. 213-266.]

[Footnote 9: So called because he wore the kilt, in its original form, not the philabeg.]

[Footnote 10: _Magnus Saga_, 10, 11 and 20. The story of this time is confused and difficult. _Torfaeus_, trans., p. 85 and _Torfaeus Orcades_, c. xviii. From c. 20 of _Magnus Saga the Longer_ it is clear that Hakon in 1112 took Paul's share of Caithness also and Magnus took Erlend's share, and that they divided that earldom and lands.]

[Footnote 11: _O.S._, 45.]

[Footnote 12: _Magnus Saga the Longer_, c. 10 to 28. _O.S._, c. 46 to 55. There is little doubt but that Magnus was the Scottish candidate for Caithness, and Hakon the Norse favourite, and Hakon had to conquer Cat.]

[Footnote 13: Who was Dufnjal? What does "_firnari en broethrungr_"

mean? Who was Duncan the Earl? Possibly the Norse expression means half first cousin, and if Dufnjal was Earl Duncan's son, the relationship was through Malcolm III, and Dufnjal was a son of King Duncan II, called "Duncan the Earl," of whom, however, the _O.S._ and _Longer Magnus Saga_ say nothing in this connection. But see Henderson, _Norse Influence, &c._, p. 26 contra.]

[Footnote 14: Paplay, Thora's home, was probably in Firth Parish in mainland, near Finstown. _Short Magnus Saga_, c. 18, not "twenty," but twenty-one years after his death. See _O.S._, c. 60. But vide Tudor _O. and S._, pp. 251-2 and 348. See also Anderson's Introduction, p.

xc, to Hjaltalin and Goudie's _O.S. contra._]

[Footnote 15: _Viking Club Miscellany_, vol. i, pp. 43-65 (J.

Stefansson), but the authorship is disputed.]

[Footnote 16: _O.S._, 47]

[Footnote 17: _O.S._, 48. Both Hakon and Magnus were about five-sixths Norse.]

[Footnote 18: _O.S._, c. 55; _Magnus Saga_, 30.]

[Footnote 19: _O.S._, 56.]

[Footnote 20: See _Reg. Dunfermelyn_, No. 1 and 23 (p. 14); Lawrie, _Scot. Charters_, pp. 100, 179; Viking Club, _Caithness and Sutherland Records_, p. 18, the note to which seems correct. "The Earl" was Ragnvald, who ruled as Harold's guardian at this time, in Caithness also. Durnach is now Dornoch.]

[Footnote 21: _Reg. Dunfermelyn_, No. 24 (p. 14). Supposed to be the Huchterhinche of St. Gilbert's Charter to the Cathedral of Durnach.

_Sutherland Book_, iii, p. 4.]

[Footnote 22: Dunbar, _Scot. Kings_, pp. 51, 60, 61, 63. The name is spelt "Fretheskin" also.]

[Footnote 23: Possibly 1120.]

[Footnote 24: See _History and Antiq. of the Parish of Uphall_ by the Rev. J. Primrose (1898).]

[Footnote 25: _Family of Kilravoch_, p. 61. Robertson, _Early Kings_, ii, 497, note.]

[Footnote 26: See _Familie of Innes_ (Spalding Club), pp. 2. 51, 52.]

[Footnote 27: _Sutherland Book_, vol. I, p. 7, and see map of Cat.]

[Footnote 28: See Pedigree in Appendix. _Reg. Morav._, c. 99, p. 114.

Freskyn I was his _attavus_, or great-great-grandfather.]

[Footnote 29: _Reg. Morav._ p. 139, ch. 126.]

CHAPTER VI.

[Footnote 1: _O.S._, 57, 58.]

[Footnote 2: _O.S._, 56, 57.]

[Footnote 3: _O.S._, 58.]

[Footnote 4: _O.S._, 58.]

[Footnote 5: Pope, _Torfaeus_ (trans.), note p. 133.]

[Footnote 6: Can she have inhabited the Broch at Feranach, which had six chambers in the thickness of the wall, (Curle's _Inventory_, No. 314), or is the site of her homestead (probably of wood) now undiscoverable? She was burnt in her homestead, not in her residence.

The Saga account points to a site on the west bank of the river.]

[Footnote 7: _O.S._, 58.]

[Footnote 8: _O.S._, 59.]

[Footnote 9: _O.S._, 61, 62, 63, 65, c.f. the modern phrase "a young hopeful."]

[Footnote 10: _O.S._, 66.]

[Footnote 11: _O.S._, 68.]

[Footnote 12: _O.S._, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73-80.]

[Footnote 13: See Tudor, _Orkney and Shetland_, pp. 35 and 375.]

[Footnote 14: See note to Hjaltalin and Goudie _O.S._, p. 107, where Atjokl's-bakki is suggested as an emendation, and also p. 115.]

[Footnote 15: Maiming made a Northman impossible.]

[Footnote 16: _O.S._, 81.]

[Footnote 17: _O.S._, 81.]

[Footnote 18: _O.S._, 82.]

[Footnote 19: Guides would be easily got from Elgin. For the MacHeths, constantly fled to the wilds of Cat for refuge, before, in 1210 or later, they settled there, getting land in Durness after 1263.]

[Footnote 20: i.e. The Minch. It is said that he was the ancestor of the Macaulays of the Lewis, but Macaulay means son of Olaf, not of Olvir.]

[Footnote 21: _O.S._, 88. Earl Waltheof must have been a neighbour of Freskyn in Moray.]

[Footnote 22: _O.S._, 86.]