348. "The end of the Leyte-Samar" USNA RG200 Box 2 SWPA communiques. "The end of the Leyte-Samar" USNA RG200 Box 2 SWPA communiques.

349. "I'm surprised it isn't going faster" Quoted "I'm surprised it isn't going faster" Quoted Yank Yank, 19.1.45.

350. "The new john radioed back" USAMHI, Charles Henne, "The new john radioed back" USAMHI, Charles Henne, Battle History of the Battle History of the 3/148 3/148th Infantry, unpublished MS, p. 126.

351. "I don't want this business" USAMHI Bruce Papers Box 9, 12.12.44. "I don't want this business" USAMHI Bruce Papers Box 9, 12.12.44.

352. "No loud talking or laughing" USAMHI Morrissey diary, op. cit. "No loud talking or laughing" USAMHI Morrissey diary, op. cit.

353. "The men looked ten or fifteen" USAMHI unpublished MS memoir, p. 134, Aubrey Newman Papers Box 6. "The men looked ten or fifteen" USAMHI unpublished MS memoir, p. 134, Aubrey Newman Papers Box 6.

354. "This meant a long war" USAMHI Hostetter MS p. 89, Newman Papers Box 6. "This meant a long war" USAMHI Hostetter MS p. 89, Newman Papers Box 6.

355. "To the j.a.panese officer" USAMHI WD, "To the j.a.panese officer" USAMHI WD, Handbook Handbook, pp. 97, 99.

356. "The j.a.panese...displayed" Cannon, op. cit., pp. 24552; Sixth Army Operations Report Leyte, pp. 20412, Report of Col. William Verbeck of 21st Infantry. "The j.a.panese...displayed" Cannon, op. cit., pp. 24552; Sixth Army Operations Report Leyte, pp. 20412, Report of Col. William Verbeck of 21st Infantry.

357. "The Americans, meanwhile" Estimate by Col. Junkichi Okabayashi, chief of staff of 1st Division, quoted Eighth Army staff study of j.a.panese 35th Army on Leyte, pp. 56. "The Americans, meanwhile" Estimate by Col. Junkichi Okabayashi, chief of staff of 1st Division, quoted Eighth Army staff study of j.a.panese 35th Army on Leyte, pp. 56.

358. "The difficulties of terrain and weather" USNA RG337 Box 59. "The difficulties of terrain and weather" USNA RG337 Box 59.

359. "It's your turn in the morning" USAMHI Newman Papers Box 2. "It's your turn in the morning" USAMHI Newman Papers Box 2.

360. "One enemy soldier, about thirty-five yards" Edmund G. Love, op. cit., p. 260. "One enemy soldier, about thirty-five yards" Edmund G. Love, op. cit., p. 260.

361. "giving them the appearance" MCHC O. P. Smith Papers. "giving them the appearance" MCHC O. P. Smith Papers.

362. "If they don't quit this shooting" LC Norman interview. "If they don't quit this shooting" LC Norman interview.

363. "We thought we'd cleaned out" ibid. "We thought we'd cleaned out" ibid.

364. "It was pleasant to have houseboys" Craven and Cate, op. cit., Vol. V, pp. 38889. "It was pleasant to have houseboys" Craven and Cate, op. cit., Vol. V, pp. 38889.

365. "for the first time" Diller, op. cit., pp. 14849. "for the first time" Diller, op. cit., pp. 14849.

366. "The tactics we have been using" LHA diary of Lt. Suteo Inoue, j.a.panese interrogation reports. "The tactics we have been using" LHA diary of Lt. Suteo Inoue, j.a.panese interrogation reports.

367. "Soldiers have become very weak" ibid. "Soldiers have become very weak" ibid.

368. "As we crouched there" USAMHI, "As we crouched there" USAMHI, Recon Scout Recon Scout, op. cit.

369. "You've got soldiers with no brains" USAMHI Arnold oral history interview. "You've got soldiers with no brains" USAMHI Arnold oral history interview.

370. "One of the small number of j.a.panese" LHA j.a.panese interrogation reports 10IR6447. "One of the small number of j.a.panese" LHA j.a.panese interrogation reports 10IR6447.

371. "Another tropical typhoon" USNA RG200 Box 2 SWPA communiques. "Another tropical typhoon" USNA RG200 Box 2 SWPA communiques.

372. "a blazing inferno" Cannon, op. cit., quoting 77 "a blazing inferno" Cannon, op. cit., quoting 77th Division Operations Report Leyte, p. 16.

373. "MacArthur's communiques are" USAMHI Rodman Papers Box 5. "MacArthur's communiques are" USAMHI Rodman Papers Box 5.

374. "Perhaps the best way to describe" USAMHI, "Perhaps the best way to describe" USAMHI, Recon Scout Recon Scout, op. cit.

375. "This theater has been a victim" USAMHI Eichelberger letters, op. cit. "This theater has been a victim" USAMHI Eichelberger letters, op. cit.

CHAPTER EIGHT * CHINA: DRAGON BY THE TAIL.

376. "a huge and seductive" John Paton Davies, "a huge and seductive" John Paton Davies, Dragon by the Tail Dragon by the Tail, Robson Books 1975, p. 429.

377. "In Manchuria in those days" AI Nakamura. "In Manchuria in those days" AI Nakamura.

378. "We were victims of those gangsters" AI Wen Shan. "We were victims of those gangsters" AI Wen Shan.

379. "The j.a.panese forced my father" AI Jiang Zhen. "The j.a.panese forced my father" AI Jiang Zhen.

380. "Every morning we watched corpses" AI Xu Yongqiang. "Every morning we watched corpses" AI Xu Yongqiang.

381. "of lacquerware and porcelain" White and Jacoby, op. cit., p. 19. "of lacquerware and porcelain" White and Jacoby, op. cit., p. 19.

382. "my parents felt" AI Liu Yunxiu. "my parents felt" AI Liu Yunxiu.

383. "Even when the j.a.panese" AI Xu Guiming. "Even when the j.a.panese" AI Xu Guiming.

384. "China's princ.i.p.al ruler" Biographical details are taken from Jonathan Fenby, "China's princ.i.p.al ruler" Biographical details are taken from Jonathan Fenby, Generalissimo Generalissimo, Free Press 2003.

385. "The two peoples are nearer" LC Dulles Papers Box 2, Press conference 24.8.44. "The two peoples are nearer" LC Dulles Papers Box 2, Press conference 24.8.44.

386. "Unit 731, the biological warfare" Daniel Barenblatt, "Unit 731, the biological warfare" Daniel Barenblatt, A Plague upon Humanity A Plague upon Humanity, Souvenir Press 2001, pa.s.sim.

387. "Nowadays the media" AI Ajiro. "Nowadays the media" AI Ajiro.

388. "More than a million j.a.panese soldiers" AI Hando. "More than a million j.a.panese soldiers" AI Hando.

389. "I have told the president" BNA PREM430/11. "I have told the president" BNA PREM430/11.

390. "a junk heap of old boxes" John King Fairbank, "a junk heap of old boxes" John King Fairbank, China China, Harper & Row 1982, p. 243.

391. "She can become at will" Auden and Isherwood, "She can become at will" Auden and Isherwood, Journey to a War Journey to a War, Faber 1938, pp. 6667.

392. "perfect dears" Peter Clarke, "perfect dears" Peter Clarke, The Cripps Version The Cripps Version, Allen Lane 2002, p. 156.

393. "Most recruits came simply as prisoners" AI Xu Yongqiang. "Most recruits came simply as prisoners" AI Xu Yongqiang.

394. "If only more people" AI Ying Yunping. "If only more people" AI Ying Yunping.

395. "It is difficult" BNA WO203/291 21.1.45. "It is difficult" BNA WO203/291 21.1.45.

396. "the campaigns the j.a.panese" Farmer, "the campaigns the j.a.panese" Farmer, Shanghai Harvest Shanghai Harvest, Museum Press 1945, p. 103.

397. "One j.a.panese division" AI Funaki. "One j.a.panese division" AI Funaki.

398. "The Chinese were poor soldiers" AI Inoue. "The Chinese were poor soldiers" AI Inoue.

399. "One man slowly put four fingers" Farmer, op. cit., p. 143. "One man slowly put four fingers" Farmer, op. cit., p. 143.

400. "The j.a.panese had so much more" AI Yan Qizhi. "The j.a.panese had so much more" AI Yan Qizhi.

401. "There's nothing to forgive" AI Ying. "There's nothing to forgive" AI Ying.

402. "a cricket in a tiny straw cage" Davies, op. cit., p. 101. "a cricket in a tiny straw cage" Davies, op. cit., p. 101.

403. "Ying Yunping, a thirty-year-old" AI Ying Yunping. "Ying Yunping, a thirty-year-old" AI Ying Yunping.

404. "We usually relied on what food" AI Luo Dingwen. "We usually relied on what food" AI Luo Dingwen.

405. "Senior officers were suspicious" USAMHI Haydon Boatner Papers Box I "A statement for the record on Barbara Tuchman's "Senior officers were suspicious" USAMHI Haydon Boatner Papers Box I "A statement for the record on Barbara Tuchman's Sand in the Wind Sand in the Wind," pp. 5, 9.

406. "To the j.a.panese soldier" Davies, op. cit., p. 204, 1938 report to the State Department. "To the j.a.panese soldier" Davies, op. cit., p. 204, 1938 report to the State Department.

407. "At such a moment [our commander]" I. Feng, "At such a moment [our commander]" I. Feng, Give Me Back My River and Hills Give Me Back My River and Hills, Macmillan 1945, p. 127.

408. "Additionally, as Christopher Thorne has argued" Thorne, "Additionally, as Christopher Thorne has argued" Thorne, Allies Allies, op. cit., p. 567.

409. "The report a.s.serted that a section" USNA RG337 Box 54 Folder 101. "The report a.s.serted that a section" USNA RG337 Box 54 Folder 101.

410. "It has been the lowest common denominator" BNA WO203/142. "It has been the lowest common denominator" BNA WO203/142.

411. "It was dawn when we fell" White and Jacoby, op. cit., p. 187. "It was dawn when we fell" White and Jacoby, op. cit., p. 187.

412. "the j.a.panese army could still march" Fenby, op. cit., p. 289. "the j.a.panese army could still march" Fenby, op. cit., p. 289.

413. "Chinese soldiers showed" AI Wen Shan. "Chinese soldiers showed" AI Wen Shan.

414. "I was very lucky" AI Jiang Zhen. "I was very lucky" AI Jiang Zhen.

415. "They said what they liked" AI Wu Guoqing. "They said what they liked" AI Wu Guoqing.

416. "It might be said that" S. Woodburn Kirby, "It might be said that" S. Woodburn Kirby, The War Against j.a.pan The War Against j.a.pan, HMSO 1964, Vol. IV, p. 194.

417. "All of us must remember" Quoted Davies, p. 269. "All of us must remember" Quoted Davies, p. 269.

418. "I saw a machine gunner" USAMHI Boatner Papers, op. cit. "I saw a machine gunner" USAMHI Boatner Papers, op. cit.

419. "He was much more than" Letter to John Hart 9.11.59, quoted Lewin, "He was much more than" Letter to John Hart 9.11.59, quoted Lewin, Slim: The Standard Bearer Slim: The Standard Bearer, p. 141.

420. "silken clad girls" Edgar Snow, "silken clad girls" Edgar Snow, Journey to the Beginning Journey to the Beginning, Gollancz 1959, p. 163.

421. "the one abiding sentiment" ibid., p. 164. "the one abiding sentiment" ibid., p. 164.

422. "incapable-surely to an abnormal degree?" Emily Hahn, "incapable-surely to an abnormal degree?" Emily Hahn, Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek, Doubleday 1955, p. 248.

423. "hanging up my shovel" Quoted Davies, op. cit., p. 337. "hanging up my shovel" Quoted Davies, op. cit., p. 337.

424. "Al stated that" Jan. 1944 conversation noted by JS, quoted ibid., p. 300. "Al stated that" Jan. 1944 conversation noted by JS, quoted ibid., p. 300.

425. "General Wedemeyer told me with conviction" BNA FO371/41746. "General Wedemeyer told me with conviction" BNA FO371/41746.

426. "Chiang did some big things" AI Hongbin. "Chiang did some big things" AI Hongbin.

427. "Time is on the side of" Quoted Davies, op. cit., p. 273. "Time is on the side of" Quoted Davies, op. cit., p. 273.

CHAPTER NINE * MACARTHUR ON LUZON.

428. "'Sit down,' said the general" USAMHI Eddleman Papers. "'Sit down,' said the general" USAMHI Eddleman Papers.

429. "We grew to know his mood" Sgt. Vincent Powers quoted Clayton James, op. cit., p. 584. "We grew to know his mood" Sgt. Vincent Powers quoted Clayton James, op. cit., p. 584.

430. "treason and sabotage" ibid., p. 588. "treason and sabotage" ibid., p. 588.

431. "At this late stage, after all one had survived" Somerville, op. cit., p. 264. "At this late stage, after all one had survived" Somerville, op. cit., p. 264.

432. "This is terrible country to fight in" USAMHI Austin MS, op. cit., 3.2.45. "This is terrible country to fight in" USAMHI Austin MS, op. cit., 3.2.45.

433. "General MacArthur visited" USAMHI Griswold Papers Box 1. "General MacArthur visited" USAMHI Griswold Papers Box 1.

434. "I don't see how I have gotten" USAMHI Eichelberger Papers, op. cit., letter of 23.1.45. "I don't see how I have gotten" USAMHI Eichelberger Papers, op. cit., letter of 23.1.45.

435. "I must insist that you take" Quoted Robert Ross Smith, "I must insist that you take" Quoted Robert Ross Smith, Triumph in the Philippines Triumph in the Philippines, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1964, p. 236.

436. "Groaning and writhing on the ground" A.V.H. Hartendorp, "Groaning and writhing on the ground" A.V.H. Hartendorp, The j.a.panese Occupation of the Philippines The j.a.panese Occupation of the Philippines, Manila 1957, Vol. II, p. 525.

437. "Mrs. Foley kept asking about" Evelyn M. Monahan and Rosemary Neidel-Greenlee, "Mrs. Foley kept asking about" Evelyn M. Monahan and Rosemary Neidel-Greenlee, All This h.e.l.l All This h.e.l.l, Kentucky University Press 2000, p. 160.

438. "They seemed to be using their last strength" Douglas MacArthur, "They seemed to be using their last strength" Douglas MacArthur, Reminiscences Reminiscences, Heinemann 1965, p. 247.

439. "We met more resistance around Nichols Field" USAMHI Eichelberger Papers, "Dearest Miss Em," 23.2.45, op. cit. "We met more resistance around Nichols Field" USAMHI Eichelberger Papers, "Dearest Miss Em," 23.2.45, op. cit.