[269] "Gazetteer of Malabar," 1908, i. 132.

[270] "Mysore and Coorg Manual," 1878, iii. 265.

[271] The Kaniyans of the west coast are exorcisers.

[272] "Mysore and Coorg Manual," 1878, iii. 264-5.

[273] "Ind. Ant.," 1881, x. 366.

[274] Ibid., 1876, v. 22.

[275] "Ind. Ant.," 1878, vii. 177.

[276] "Gazetteer of the Anantapur District," 1905, i. 179.

[277] "Manual of the Cuddapah District," 1875, 284.

[278] Lieutenant-General F. F. Burton, "An Indian Olio," 307.

[279] "Occasional Essays on Native South Indian Life," 1901, 72-3.

[280] "Manual of Medical Jurisprudence in India," 1870.

[281] Indian Review, May, 1900.

[282] "The Cochin Tribes and Castes," Madras, 1909, i. 77-81.

[283] "The Cochin Tribes and Castes," Madras, i. 176-7.

[284] "Malabar," 1887, i. 174.

[285] "Description of a Singular Aboriginal Race inhabiting the summit of the Neilgherry Hills," 1832, 83-4.

[286] "Madras Police Administration Report," 1900.

[287] "Manual of the Niligiri District," 1880, 212.

[288] "Madras Police Administration Report," 1904.

[289] Ibid., 1905-6.

[290] A. C. Haddon, "Magic and Fetishism" (Religions, ancient and modern), 1906, 51.

[291] See the articles devoted to these castes in my "Castes and Tribes of Southern India," 1909.

[292] B. Govinda Nambiar, Indian Review, May, 1900.

[293] M. J. Walhouse, "Ind. Ant.," 1876, v. 22.

[294] "Report of the Chemical Examiner, Madras," 1908, 5.

[295] Journ. and Proc. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, 1905, i. No. 9.

[296] Rev. A. C. Clayton, Madras Museum Bull., 1906, v., No. 2, 82.

[297] Cf. odi cult, 228-9.

[298] "Ind. Ant.," 1876, v. 22.

[299] Gloyer, Jeypore, Breklum, 1901.

[300] "Gazetteer of the Bellary District," 1904, i. 60.

[301] "Gazetteer of the South Arcot District," 1906, i. 93.

[302] "Gazetteer of the Tanjore District," 1906, i. 76.

[303] Journ. Anthrop. Soc., Bombay, ii. 1890, 282-5.

[304] Indian Review, May, 1900.

[305] Journ. Royal Asiat. Soc., 1884, xvi. 185-6.

[306] For a detailed account of demonolatry among the Shanans, I would refer the reader to the Rev. R. (afterwards Bishop) Caldwell's now scarce "Tinnevelly Shanans," 1849.

[307] Madras Museum Bull., 1900, iii., No. 1, 51.

[308] Madras Mail, 18th November, 1905.

[309] An example of so-called h.o.m.oeopathic magic. See Haddon, "Magic and Fetishism" (Religions ancient and modern), 1906, 19-22.

[310] "Ind. Ant.," 1876, v. 22.

[311] Laccadiveans come to the Malabar coast in sailing-boats.

[312] Nature, 18th October, 1906.

[313] Madras Mail, 18th November, 1905.

[314] F. Fawcett, Madras Museum Bull., 1901, iii., No. 3, 317.

[315] Madras Mail, 19th November, 1897.

[316] In like manner, the chief mourner at the funeral among many castes, after breaking a water-pot at the graveside, retires without looking back.

[317] F. Fawcett, Madras Museum Bull., 1900, iii., No. 1, 51.

[318] "Gazetteer of the Madura District," 1906, i. 103.