6. Sydney H. Schamberg, "Six Cents an Hour," Sydney H. Schamberg, "Six Cents an Hour," Life Life, June 1996.

7. "Suu Kyi Calls for Halt to Investment in Burma," "Suu Kyi Calls for Halt to Investment in Burma," Australian Herald Australian Herald, 4 September 1995.

8. "Disney Labor Abuses in China," report produced by the Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee. "Disney Labor Abuses in China," report produced by the Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee.

9. Ortega, Ortega, In Sam We Trust In Sam We Trust, 236.

10. Philip S. Foner, Philip S. Foner, Women and the American Labor Movement Women and the American Labor Movement (New York: The Free Press, 1979), 358. (New York: The Free Press, 1979), 358.

11. William Greider, William Greider, One World, Ready or Not One World, Ready or Not (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), 338. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), 338.

12. The libel suit was against "a Swiss group who translated War on Want's publication The libel suit was against "a Swiss group who translated War on Want's publication The Baby Killer... The Baby Killer..." Source: "Baby Milk: Destruction of a World Resource" (London: Catholic Inst.i.tute for International Relations, 1993), 3.

13. Fred Pearce, "Legacy of a Nightmare," Fred Pearce, "Legacy of a Nightmare," Guardian Guardian, 8 August 1998. These numbers represent conservative estimates. Satinath Sarangi, a researcher based in Bhopal, puts the death toll at 16,000.

14. Myriam Vander Stichele and Peter Pennartz, Myriam Vander Stichele and Peter Pennartz, Making It Our Business: European NGO Campaigns on Transnational Corporations Making It Our Business: European NGO Campaigns on Transnational Corporations (London: Catholic Inst.i.tute for International Relations, 1996). (London: Catholic Inst.i.tute for International Relations, 1996).

15. Personal interview. Personal interview.

16. "Corporations and Human Rights," "Corporations and Human Rights," Human Rights Watch 1997 World Report Human Rights Watch 1997 World Report.

17. Julie Light, "Repression, Inc.: The a.s.sault on Human Rights," Julie Light, "Repression, Inc.: The a.s.sault on Human Rights," Corporate Watch Corporate Watch, 4 February 1999.

18. "The 'Enron Project' in Maharashtra: Protests Suppressed in the Name of Development," Amnesty International, 17 July 1997, 2. "The 'Enron Project' in Maharashtra: Protests Suppressed in the Name of Development," Amnesty International, 17 July 1997, 2.

19. Doonesbury, Doonesbury, Toronto Star Toronto Star, 25 and 27 June 1997.

20. Pico Iyer, "India's Night of Death," Pico Iyer, "India's Night of Death," Time Time, 17 December 1984.

21. Personal interview. Personal interview.

22. Personal interview. Personal interview.

Chapter Fifteen: The Brand Boomerang.

1. Stuart Ewen, Stuart Ewen, Captains of Consciousness Captains of Consciousness (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976), 80. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976), 80.

2. Personal interview. Personal interview.

3. Lorraine Dusky, "What Jogging Has to Do with Jogjakarta," Lorraine Dusky, "What Jogging Has to Do with Jogjakarta," USA Today USA Today, 21 May 1998.

4. Neal Stevenson, Neal Stevenson, Snow Crash Snow Crash (New York: Bantam Books, 1992), 7. (New York: Bantam Books, 1992), 7.

5. "Testimony of Wendy Diaz before the Committee on International Relations," Congressional Testimony by Federal Doc.u.ment Clearing House, 11 June 1996. "Testimony of Wendy Diaz before the Committee on International Relations," Congressional Testimony by Federal Doc.u.ment Clearing House, 11 June 1996.

6. Joyce Barrett and Joanna Ramey, "Sweatshop-buster Charles Kernaghan: Fashion Hits Its Nader; Ralph Nader," Joyce Barrett and Joanna Ramey, "Sweatshop-buster Charles Kernaghan: Fashion Hits Its Nader; Ralph Nader," Women's Wear Daily Women's Wear Daily, 6 June 1996, 1.

7. Steven Greenhouse, "Anti-Sweatshop Crusader Makes Celebrities, Big Business Tremble," Steven Greenhouse, "Anti-Sweatshop Crusader Makes Celebrities, Big Business Tremble," New York Times New York Times, 4 July 1996.

8. Kernaghan, "Behind the Label: 'Made in China.'" Kernaghan, "Behind the Label: 'Made in China.'"

9. Various sources. Confirmed with NLC. Various sources. Confirmed with NLC.

10. Cathy Majtenyi, "Were Disney Dogs Treated Better Than Workers?" Cathy Majtenyi, "Were Disney Dogs Treated Better Than Workers?" Catholic Register Catholic Register, 2330 December 1996, 9.

11. "An Appeal to Walt Disney" in "An Appeal to Walt Disney" in No Sweat No Sweat, edited by Andrew Ross, 101.

12. Cynthia Enloe, "We Are What We Wear," in Cynthia Enloe, "We Are What We Wear," in Of Common Cloth Of Common Cloth, edited by Wendy Chapkis and Cynthia Enloe (Amsterdam: Transnational Inst.i.tute, 1983), 119.

13. Personal interview. Personal interview.

14. Ortega, Ortega, In Sam We Trust In Sam We Trust, 228.

15. "What's Wrong with McDonald's Factsheet," first published by London Greenpeace in 1986. "What's Wrong with McDonald's Factsheet," first published by London Greenpeace in 1986.

16. "Honduran Child Labor Described," "Honduran Child Labor Described," Boston Globe Boston Globe, 30 May 1996.

17. Andrew Ross, "Introduction," in Andrew Ross, "Introduction," in No Sweat No Sweat, 27.

18. "Tarnished Rings?" "Tarnished Rings?" Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, 6 January 1999.

19. "Hootie & the Blowfish Criticizes Suzuki for Ties to Burmese Military Junta," press release from Hootie & the Blowfish, 24 May 1999. "Hootie & the Blowfish Criticizes Suzuki for Ties to Burmese Military Junta," press release from Hootie & the Blowfish, 24 May 1999.

20. Josh Feit, "Stepping on Nike's Toes," Josh Feit, "Stepping on Nike's Toes," Now Now, 27 November-3 December 1997, reprinted from Willamette Week Willamette Week.

21. "Pond Crowd Pummels Eisner's Mighty Bucks," "Pond Crowd Pummels Eisner's Mighty Bucks," Variety Variety, 2 March 1997.

22. Hollywood Reporter Hollywood Reporter, 26 February 1997 and Variety Variety, 3 March 1997.

23. The Sweatshop Quandary: Corporate Responsibility on the Global Frontier The Sweatshop Quandary: Corporate Responsibility on the Global Frontier, edited by Pamela Valery (Washington, D.C.: Investor Responsibility Research Center, 1998), 19.

Chapter Sixteen: A Tale of Three Logos.

1. Memo, 4 May 1998, from the Maquila Solidarity Network, "Nike Day of Action Canada Report & Task Force Update." Memo, 4 May 1998, from the Maquila Solidarity Network, "Nike Day of Action Canada Report & Task Force Update."

2. "Nike protest update," "Nike protest update," Labour Alerts Labour Alerts, 18 October 1997.

3. "Nike Mobilization: Local Reports," "Nike Mobilization: Local Reports," Labor Alerts Labor Alerts, Campaign for Labor Rights, 26 October 1998.

4. Mark L. Zusman, "Editor's Notebook," Mark L. Zusman, "Editor's Notebook," Willamette Week Willamette Week, 12 June 1996.

5. Oregonian Oregonian, 16 June 1996.

6. Campaign for Labor Rights Web site, regional reports. Campaign for Labor Rights Web site, regional reports.

7. Nick Alexander, "Sweatshop Activism: Missing Pieces," Nick Alexander, "Sweatshop Activism: Missing Pieces," Z Magazine Z Magazine, September 1997, 1417.

8. Personal interview, 6 October 1997. Personal interview, 6 October 1997.

9. Katz, Katz, Just Do It Just Do It, 271.

10. Letter dated 24 October 1997. Letter dated 24 October 1997.

11. Personal interview. Personal interview.

12. David Gonzalez, "Youthful Foes Go Toe to Toe with Nike," David Gonzalez, "Youthful Foes Go Toe to Toe with Nike," New York Times New York Times, 27 September 1997, B1.

13. Personal interview. Personal interview.

14. Minutes from 10 September meeting between Nike executives and the Edenwald-Gun Hill Neighborhood Center. Minutes from 10 September meeting between Nike executives and the Edenwald-Gun Hill Neighborhood Center.

15. Personal interview. Personal interview.

16. "Wages and Living Expense for Nike Workers in Indonesia," report released by Global Exchange, 23 September 1998. "Wages and Living Expense for Nike Workers in Indonesia," report released by Global Exchange, 23 September 1998.

17. "Nike Raises Wages for Indonesian Workers," "Nike Raises Wages for Indonesian Workers," Oregonian Oregonian, 16 October 1998.

18. "Nike to Improve Minimum Monthly Wage Package for Indonesian Workers," Nike press release, 19 March 1999. "Nike to Improve Minimum Monthly Wage Package for Indonesian Workers," Nike press release, 19 March 1999.

19. Steven Greenhouse, "Nike Critic Praises Gains in Air Quality at Vietnam Factory," Steven Greenhouse, "Nike Critic Praises Gains in Air Quality at Vietnam Factory," New York Times New York Times, 12 March 1999.

20. Shanthi Kalathil, "Being Tied to Nike Affects Share Price of Yue Yuen," Shanthi Kalathil, "Being Tied to Nike Affects Share Price of Yue Yuen," Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, 25 March 1998.

21. "Third quarter brings 70 percent increase in net income for sneaker giant," a.s.sociated Press, 19 March 1999. "Third quarter brings 70 percent increase in net income for sneaker giant," a.s.sociated Press, 19 March 1999.

22. "Cole Haan Joins Ranks of Shoe Companies Leaving Maine," a.s.sociated Press, 23 April 1999. "Cole Haan Joins Ranks of Shoe Companies Leaving Maine," a.s.sociated Press, 23 April 1999.

23. Zusman, "Editor's Notebook." Zusman, "Editor's Notebook."

24. Robin Grove-White, "Brent Spar Rewrote the Rules," Robin Grove-White, "Brent Spar Rewrote the Rules," New Statesman New Statesman, 20 June 1997, 1719.

25. "Battle of Giants, Big and Small," "Battle of Giants, Big and Small," Guardian Guardian, 22 June 1995, 4.

26. "Giant Outsmarted: How Greenpeace Sank Sh.e.l.l's Plan to Dump Big Oil Rig in Atlantic," "Giant Outsmarted: How Greenpeace Sank Sh.e.l.l's Plan to Dump Big Oil Rig in Atlantic," Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, 7 July 1995.

27. Grove-White, "Brent Spar Rewrote the Rules." Grove-White, "Brent Spar Rewrote the Rules."

28. "Battle of Giants," "Battle of Giants," Guardian Guardian.

29. Suzanne Moore, "Sea Changes in Political Talk," Suzanne Moore, "Sea Changes in Political Talk," Guardian Guardian, 22 June 1995.

30. Megan Tresidder, "Slick Answers in Oily Waters," Megan Tresidder, "Slick Answers in Oily Waters," Guardian Guardian, 24 June 1995, 27.

31. "Giant Outsmarted," "Giant Outsmarted," Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal.

32. Memo written by Major Paul Okuntimo, dated 5 May 1994, reprinted in Memo written by Major Paul Okuntimo, dated 5 May 1994, reprinted in Harper's Harper's, June 1996.

33. Andrew Rowell and Stephen Kretzmann, "The Ogoni Struggle," a report by Project Underground, Berkeley, 1996. Andrew Rowell and Stephen Kretzmann, "The Ogoni Struggle," a report by Project Underground, Berkeley, 1996.

34. Nadine Gordimer, "In Nigeria, the Price for Oil Is Blood," Nadine Gordimer, "In Nigeria, the Price for Oil Is Blood," New York Times New York Times, 25 May 1997.

35. Letter posted on the sh.e.l.l-nigeria-action list dated 2 June 1998. Letter posted on the sh.e.l.l-nigeria-action list dated 2 June 1998.

36. From a personal letter from R.B. Blakely to the author, 6 June 1997. From a personal letter from R.B. Blakely to the author, 6 June 1997.

37. Janet Guyon, "Why Is the Most Profitable Company Turning Itself Inside Out?" Janet Guyon, "Why Is the Most Profitable Company Turning Itself Inside Out?" Fortune Fortune, 4 August 1997, 120.

38. Jonathan Schorr, "Board Holds Off on Sh.e.l.l Decision," Jonathan Schorr, "Board Holds Off on Sh.e.l.l Decision," Oakland Tribune Oakland Tribune, 8 August 1997.

39. Victor Dania, a Sh.e.l.l spokesman said "We're working on healing the wounds," quoted in "Sh.e.l.l Cleaning Up Act for Ogoniland Return," Victor Dania, a Sh.e.l.l spokesman said "We're working on healing the wounds," quoted in "Sh.e.l.l Cleaning Up Act for Ogoniland Return," Times Times (London), 11 July 1997. (London), 11 July 1997.

40. Matthew Tostevin, "Attacks Cut Nigerian Oil Output by One Fifth," Reuters, 7 October 1998. Matthew Tostevin, "Attacks Cut Nigerian Oil Output by One Fifth," Reuters, 7 October 1998.

41. "Nigerian Protesters Seize Sh.e.l.l Helicopters," BBC, 8 October 1999, and "Nigerians Seize Sh.e.l.l Oil Stations," a.s.sociated Press, 7 October 1998. "Nigerian Protesters Seize Sh.e.l.l Helicopters," BBC, 8 October 1999, and "Nigerians Seize Sh.e.l.l Oil Stations," a.s.sociated Press, 7 October 1998.

42. Franny Armstrong, "Why Won't British TV Show a Film about McLibel?" Franny Armstrong, "Why Won't British TV Show a Film about McLibel?" Guardian Guardian, 19 June 1998.

43. Ibid. Ibid.

44. "McLibel in London," "McLibel in London," Fortune Fortune, 20 March 1995.

45. "Anti-McDonald's Activists Take Message Online," a.s.sociated Press, 27 March 1996. "Anti-McDonald's Activists Take Message Online," a.s.sociated Press, 27 March 1996.

46. "Activists Win Partial Victory in Appeal Over McDonald's Libel Case," a.s.sociated Press, 31 March 1999. "Activists Win Partial Victory in Appeal Over McDonald's Libel Case," a.s.sociated Press, 31 March 1999.

47. "Few Nuggets and Very Small Fries," "Few Nuggets and Very Small Fries," Guardian Guardian, 20 June 1997, 22.

48. "Guess Who's Still in Trouble?" Campaign for Labor Rights, Newsletter #9, October 1997, 4. "Guess Who's Still in Trouble?" Campaign for Labor Rights, Newsletter #9, October 1997, 4.

49. John Vidal, John Vidal, McLibel McLibel (London: Macmillan, 1997), 31415; quotation taken from the afterword written by Steel and Morris. (London: Macmillan, 1997), 31415; quotation taken from the afterword written by Steel and Morris.

50. "Asian Workers Sue Retailers in U.S., Apparel Firms," "Asian Workers Sue Retailers in U.S., Apparel Firms," Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, 14 January 1999.

51. David A. Love, "A New Leaf for Nigeria?" David A. Love, "A New Leaf for Nigeria?" Washington Post Washington Post, 22 August 1998, A17. Jenny Green quote: "Sh.e.l.l Faces Saro-Wiwa Legal Action," Independent Independent, 21 May 1999.

52. "Sites for Sore Consumers," "Sites for Sore Consumers," Washington Post Washington Post, 29 March 1998.