419 "man I know of": Sandburg, 2:244.

419 "a thousand ways": CW, 6:87.

419 to the Republican party: Wood Gray, The Hidden Civil War: The Story of the Copperheads (New York: Viking Press, 1942), gives considerable credence to these reports of conspiracies. Frank L. Klement, The Copperheads in the Middle West (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), argues more convincingly that they were largely political protests.

419 "our military chances": Sumner to Francis Lieber, Jan. 17,1863, Sumner MSS, Houghton Library, Harvard.

419 "for the enemy": American Annual Cyclopaedia... 1863, p. 473.

420 duration of the war: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, ser. 2, vol. 5, pp. 633646; Frank L. Klement, The Limits of Dissent: Clement L. Vallandigham and the Civil War (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1970), chap. 11.

420 "kind a.s.surance of support": The quotation is from Burnside to AL, May 8, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC. Lincoln's letter has not been found.

420 "part of Burnside": Welles, Diary, 1:306.

420 such military tribunals: David Davis, statement to WHH, Sept. 19, 1866, HWC.

420 "little as possible": Official Records, ser. 2, vol. 5, pp. 664665. Halleck told Burnside he had just come from a conference with the President, and "No objections were made to your action in this matter...."

421 "in b.l.o.o.d.y anarchy": New York Herald, May 19, 26, June 2, 1863.

421 than its publication: Robert S. Harper, Lincoln and the Press (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1951), pp. 258261.

421 and military despotism: Stewart Mitch.e.l.l, Horatio Seymour of New York (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Harvard University Press, 1938), p. 293.

421 cunning for wisdom: Bates, Diary, pp. 290291.

422 "new organization for 1864": Abraham Oakey Hall to William H. Seward, Jan. 21,1863, Seward MSS, UR.

422 "unfortunate" and "pernicious": Browning, Diary, 1:612613.

422 "has ever known": Strong, Diary, p. 292.

422 "Union and Government": Weed to AL, Feb. 1,1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

422 joining the Democrats: Hamlin to Ellen Hamlin, Jan. 25,1863, Hamlin MSS, microfilm. Columbia University.

422 "all the patriotism": Mitch.e.l.l, Seymour, pp. 276277.

422 "their const.i.tutional powers": CW, 6:145146.

423 "our next President": Thurlow Weed Barnes, Memoir of Thurlow Weed (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1884), p. 428; Mitch.e.l.l, Seymour, pp. 273274.

423 "to destroy himself": Gray, The Hidden Civil War, p. 130.

424 a conquered province: American Annual Cyclopaedia... 1863, p. 309.

424 National Banking Act: For Lincoln's public and private exertions in behalf of the banking act, see G. S. Boritt, Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream (Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1978), pp. 200202.