410 McClellan partisans: Samuel E. Lyon to Salmon P. Chase, Jan. 6, 1863, Chase MSS.

411 "driving you": CW, 6:46.

411 "you are right": Marvel, Burnside, p. 215.

411 "sooner the better": "Extracts from the Journal of Henry J. Raymond," Scribner's Monthly 19 (18791880): 422.

412 "Beware of rashness": CW, 6:7879.

412 "in internal commerce": CW, 5:125126.

412 caused minor ripples: Jay Monaghan, Diplomat in Carpet Slippers: Abraham Lincoln Deals with Foreign Affairs (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1945), offers a spirited account of these and other personalities.

413 captured the Peterhoff: For a careful examination of the Peterhoff affair, see J. G. Randall, Lincoln the President: Midstream (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1952), pp. 334338.

414 "drive Lincoln into it": Daniel B. Carroll, Henri Mercier and the American Civil War (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971), pp. 251257; Hiram Barney to Salmon P. Chase, Jan. 16, 1863, Chase MSS; Donald, Sumner, p. 103.

414 "urge on the war": Chicago Tribune, Feb. 18, 1863.

415 "steadiness of purpose": New York Herald, Mar. 28, 1863.

415 "in any country": CW, 6:6365.

415 "of human bondage": CW, 6:8889.

415 "and civilized nations": CW, 6:176.

416 "to their rulers": The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1863 (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1871), p. 233.

416 "all future generations": New York Herald, Jan. 9, 1863.

416 "an informal, practical recognition": American Annual Cyclopaedia... 1863, pp. 265268.

417 "loss of blood": Samuel Augustus Pleasants, Fernando Wood of New York (New York: Columbia University Press, 1948), pp. 139140.

417 "anti-slavery crusade!": B. S. A. McClellan to Elihu B. Washburne, Jan. 13, 1863, Washburne MSS, LC.

417 "to their level": Thomas Ewing, Sr., to W. H. Seward, Jan. 13, 1863, Seward MSS, UR.

418 "blood and race": CW, 5:554536.

418 "cessation of hostilities": San Francisco Daily Alta California, Mar. 3, 1863.

418 "the North itself": New York Herald, Mar. 5, 1863.

418 "the revolted States": McClernand to AL, Feb. 14, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

418 without legislative authorization: On Illinois, see Arthur Charles Cole, The Era of the Civil War, 18481870 (Springfield: Illinois Centennial Commission, 1919), pp. 298300; on Indiana, Kenneth M. Stampp, Indiana Politics During the Civil War (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1949), chap. 8.