=Pebble-grained.= Covering material grained in an irregular manner.

=Pegamoid.= An imitation leather made in England.

=Perforating machine.= A machine which punches holes in sections so that they can be more easily overcast.

=Pet.i.ts fers.= Small hand tools used in finishing, as distinguished from the stamps or blocks used in a press.

=Pieced.= Any s.p.a.ce on the cover of a book which has a piece of another material attached to it. Most often used to mean leather which is used as labels for t.i.tles; also called t.i.tled.

=Plate.= 1. Ill.u.s.tration printed from a plate. The term is often used incorrectly for wood cuts. 2. In library usage any full-page ill.u.s.tration not paged-in.

=Plough.= A tool used for tr.i.m.m.i.n.g books.

=Pluviusin.= An imitation leather made in England.

=Pocket.= An envelope made of paper or cardboard generally attached to the inside of the back cover and used to hold loose maps or plates. See also Book pocket.

=Pointille style.= A form of decoration in which the design is marked with small dots or points.

=Points.= Holes made in sheets during the process of printing which serve as guides in registering and folding.

=Polisher.= A steel tool used to give a gloss to leather after finishing.

=Portfolio.= A case made for holding loose plates or maps.

=Powder, Seme.= A form of decoration in which a small figure is repeated regularly.

=Preliminary matter.= Half t.i.tle, t.i.tle, table of contents and preface, and all other matter preceding the main part of the book.

=Press pin.= An iron bar used to turn the screws of standing presses.

=Presses.= For various kinds see Lying press; Cutting press; Finishing press; Blocking press.

=Pressing boards.= Wooden boards placed between books in the standing press. Bra.s.s strips which project over the edges of the board fit into the grooves of the joint.

=Pressing plates.= j.a.panned or nickeled plates, which, when placed next to leather bindings under heavy pressure give them a finish.

=Pulled.= A book taken from its cover and the signatures separated is said to be pulled.

=Puppy.= The specially prepared rubber used to remove superfluous gold leaf from a book is sometimes called the puppy.

=Quarto.= A book printed on paper folded into four leaves (eight pages).

Generally written 4to. Loosely applied to books between ten and fifteen inches high.

=Quire.= Twenty-four sheets.

=Raised bands.= See Bands.

=Recasing.= Replacing a book in its original cover, either with or without resewing.

=Recto.= Right hand page of an open book.

=Register.= 1. Ribbon attached to a book to be used as a book mark. 2.

Term indicating that the print on the verso falls exactly over that on the recto.

=Rexine.= An imitation leather made in England.

=Roll.= Finishing tool with bra.s.s wheel having a design on the circ.u.mference. Used in decorating leather bound books.

=Rolled edges.= See Edges rolled.

=Rolling machine.= Used in publisher's binding to press the leaves firmly together.

=Roulette border.= Border design made with a roll.

=Rounding hammer.= Heavy hammer used in rounding.

=Roundlet.= Small circle in gold used in decorating books.

=Roxburgh binding.= Plain leather backed book, lettering near the top enclosed in gold lines, gilt top, and cloth or paper sides.

=Rub-off=, or =Rubbing=. A copy of the back of a book showing exact lettering. Made by placing a sheet of thin strong paper on the back and rubbing it with a piece of heel-ball until all lettering is fully outlined.

=Run-up.= The back of a book with a fillet from head to tail not mitred at the bands is said to be run-up.

=Running t.i.tle.= Short t.i.tle of a book or chapter appearing at the head of the page throughout the book or chapter.

=Saddle st.i.tching.= A machine process which either sews or staples pamphlets of one signature.

=Sawing-in.= Sawing the back of a book to make grooves in which the bands will rest when the book is sewed.

=Section.= See Signature.

=Seme.= See Powder.

=Set-off.= See Off-set.

=Setting the headband.= Adjusting the leather so that it covers the headband with a kind of cap.

=Sewer.= The person who sews the signatures together on a sewing bench to form a book.

=Sewing bench.= A board about two feet long having at each end on the front edge an upright. These are connected by a bar which is adjustable in height and between which and the board are stretched the bands or tapes on which the book is sewed.

=s.e.xtodecimo.= See Sixteenmo.

=Shears.= See Board shears.

=Sheets in.= See In sheets.