=In sheets.= A book is said to be in sheets before it has been bound, whether the sheets are folded or not.

=Inside margin.= The border made by the turned-in leather on the inside face of the boards.

=Inside tins.= Sheets of tin sometimes placed in books which are to receive heavy pressure.

=Jansen style.= A style of decoration in which the book is absolutely plain on the outside except for lettering. The inside covers, however, may be elaborately decorated.

=Joints.= The part of the book which bends when the book is opened. See also Grooves; French joint.

=Kettlest.i.tch.= The st.i.tch made at the head and tail of the book fastening a signature at these points to the preceding signature.

=Keys.= Small metal objects which fasten the bands to the under side of the sewing bench.

=Kip calf.= Made from the skin of a heifer. Stronger than calfskin.

=Knocking-down iron.= Iron plate on which books are placed when it is necessary to hammer down the ends of laced-in bands to prevent them from showing.

=Label.= A piece of paper or leather affixed to the back of a book on which to letter information.

=Lacing-in.= Process of attaching the ends of bands to boards through holes made with an awl. See page 42.

=Large-paper edition.= Copies of a book printed on paper with wide margins.

=Laying press.= See Lying press.

=Law sheep.= Uncolored sheepskin. So-called because at one time it was generally used on law books. See page 65.

=Lay cords.= The bands when stretched on the sewing bench ready for the signatures.

=Leatherette.= Imitation leather, generally made of cloth.

=Lettering block.= A dummy book made of wood on which leather labels that are to be lettered are placed for greater ease in gilding.

=Lettering box.= That part of the pallet in which type is screwed up before lettering.

=Limp leather.= Books bound in full leather without stiff boards are said to be bound in limp leather.

=Lining papers.= See End papers.

=Loose back.= Books are loose backed when the covering material is not glued to the back, but springs out when the book is opened. Called "hollow back" in England.

=Lying press.= The under side of the cutting press used in backing.

Sometimes called laying press.

=Magazine binder.= See Binder.

=Maioli style.= Decoration formed of shields or medallions with scroll work running through them.

=Marbled calf.= Calfskin treated with acid so that it resembles marble.

=Marbling.= Process of staining the paper or the edges of books with colors irregularly combined, similar to the irregular colorings and markings in marble.

=Marker.= Piece of ribbon fastened to the headband and used as a book mark. Also called Register.

=Marking-up.= Marking the position of the cords on the back.

=Millboard.= See Boards.

=Millboard machine.= Used for cutting and squaring boards.

=Mitred.= Term indicating that lines in finishing meeting each other at right angles, continue but do not overrun each other.

=Mosaic binding.= A leather binding ornamented by designs made of inlaid pieces of leather or other material of different colors.

=Mottled calf.= Light brown calf treated with acid to give it a mottled appearance.

=Mull.= See Super.

=Octavo.= Book printed on paper folded into eight leaves. Usually written 8vo. Loosely used to indicate that the size of a book is between eight and ten inches in height.

=Off and on.= Term used in machine sewing, meaning that certain st.i.tches in each signature are skipped.

=Off-set.= Marks made on opposite page because the printer's ink had not become thoroughly dry. In case of ill.u.s.trations tissue paper is frequently inserted to prevent this. Also called set-off.

=Opened edges.= See Edges opened.

=Out of boards.= A book trimmed before the boards have been fastened to it.

=Out of print.= Not obtainable from the publishers.

=Overcasting.= Process of sewing single leaves over and over. Also called whipst.i.tching. See page 23.

=Pallet.= A tool used in lettering having an adjustable box for holding type securely, with a handle attached.

=Panel.= 1. s.p.a.ce between raised bands, or between stamped lines on the back. 2. A square or rectangular s.p.a.ce on the side of a book, whether sunken or enclosed by beveled edges or gilded lines.

=Papering-up.= Covering the leaves of a book, especially if it has gilded edges, to protect it during further processes.

=Parchment.= A material similar to vellum, but not so thick.

=Paring.= Process of thinning the edges of leather with a sharp knife, so that there will not be a rough edge when it is on the book. Sometimes called skiving.

=Pastewash.= Paste diluted with water.

=Pasting-down.= Operation of pasting end papers to the boards.

=Payne, Roger.= Style of decoration distinguished by gold-tooled corner pieces and by the grace and freedom of ornamentation.