16. Dufferin to Reay, 17 May 1885, DP, Vol.47, Reel no. 528.

17. Dufferin to Colvin, 9 October 1888, DP, Vol. 54, Reel no. 534.

18. Dufferin to Reay, 17 May 1885, DP, Vol. 47, Reel no.528.

19. Reay to Dufferin, 24 May 1885, and 4 June 1885, DP, Vol. 47, Reel no. 528.

20. Dufferin to Secretary of State, 3 February 1885, and 7 August 1885, DP, Volume 18, Reel no.517.

21. Dufferin to Northbrook, 23 June 1886; and Dufferin to Henry S. Maine, 9 May 1886, DP, Vol. 37, Reel no. 525.

5. Foundation of the Indian National Congress: The Reality 1. Indian National Congress, containing full texts of all Presidential Addresses, reprint of all the Congress Resolutions, etc., Madras, no date, Part I, p.386.

2. Ibid., p.3.

3. I.P. Minayeff, Trends in and Diaries of India and Burma, Calcutta, no date, p. 120.

4. S.R. Mehrotra, Emergence of the Indian National Congress, Delhi, 1971, p.418.

5. Indian National Congress, op. cit., Part III, p.16.

6. Ibid., Part III, pp. 17-8.

7. Ibid., Part I, pp.11-2 8. G.K. Gokhale, Speeches of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Madras, 1916, second edition, p.929.

9. R.G. Pradhan, India's Struggle for Swaraj, Madras, 1930. p.20.

10. Indian National Congress, Part I, op.cit., p.3.

11. R.P. Masani, Dadabhai Naoroji: The Grand Old Man of India, London, 1939, p.441.

12. Gokhale, Speeches, p. 1113.

13. W. Wedderb.u.m. Allan Octavian Hume, pp.63-4.

6. Socio-Religious Reforms and the National Awakening 1. Sophia Dobson Collet, Life and Letters of Rammohan Roy, Calcutta, 1913, p. 124.

2. Life and Work of Brahmananda Keshav, edited by P.S. Basu, Calcutta, 1940, p.63.

3. J.C. Ghose, editor, English Works of Rammohan Roy, Allahabad, 1906, p.312.

4. Mahadev Govind Ranade, The Miscellaneous Writings, Bombay, 1915, p.191.

5. P.S. Basu, op.cit., p.147.

6. Writings and Speeches of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, edited by Shan Mohammad, Meerut, 1972, p.117.

7. Dayanand Saraswati, Satyartha Prakash, English translation by Durga Prasad, New Delhi, 1972, p.83.

8. M.K. Sanoo, Narayana Guru Swami, in Malayalam, Irininjalakuda, 1976, p.441.

9. P.J. Thomas, The Growth of Higher Education in Southern India, Madras, no date, p.5.

7. An Economic Critique of Colonialism 1. For a short treatment of the subject, see Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, New Delhi, 1966, Chapter I. For details, see Dadabhai Naoroji, Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, London, 1901, and Speeches and Writings, Madras, no date.

2. R.C. Dutt, Economic History of India in the Victorian Age, London, sixth edition, first published in 1903, p.XVI.

3. G.V. Joshi, Writings and Speeches, Poona, 1912, p.616.

4. M.G.Ranade, Essays on Indian Economics, Bombay, 1898, p.96.

5. For a detailed treatment, see Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, Chapter III, Section I; and his 'British and Indian Ideas on Indian Economic Development, 1858-1905' in Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, New Delhi, 1987 reprint.

6. Curzon, Speeches, Vol.I, Calcutta, 1900, p.34.

7. Naoroji, Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, pp.34, 568-9, Speeches, p.169.

8. February 1903, p.193.

9. New India, 12 August 1901.

10. G.V. Joshi, op.cit., pp.687-8.

11. Ram Gopal, Lokamanya Tilak, Bombay. 1965 reprint, p. 148.

12. For details, see Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, Chapter XIII.

13. Naoroji, Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, p.216.

14. R.C. Dutt, Economic History of India Under Early British Rule, London, 1956, 8th impression, pp.xi and 420.

15. Abstract of the Proceedings of the Council of the Governor-General of India, 1896, Vol.x.x.xV, p.85.

16. Naoroji, Speeches, pp.328, 329.

17. Naoroji, Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, pp.224-5.

18. Naoroji, Speeches, p.389.

19. India, London, 2 September 1904.

20. Naoroji, Speeches, p.671.

21. Ibid., p.73.

8. The Fight to Secure Press Freedom 1. J. Natrajan, History of Indian Journalism - Part II of the Report of the Press Commission, New Delhi, 1955, p.15.

2. Dufferin to Secretary of State, 21 March and 17 May 1886, Dufferin Papers.

3. Lord Curzon, Speeches, Vol. IV, Calcutta, 1906, p.75.

4. J. Natrajan, op.cit., p. 135.

5. D.V. Tahmankar, Lokamanya Tilak, London, 1956, p.73; and Ram Gopal, Lokamanya Tilak, p. 133.

6. R.G. Pradhan and A.K. Bhagwat, Lokamanya Tilak - A Biography, Bombay, 1958, p.111.

7. D. Keer, Lokamanya Tilak, Bombay, 1969, p.141.

8. Pradhan and Bhagwat, op.cit., pp.117-8.

9. Ibid., pp.219-21.

10. Ibid., p.222.

11. Ibid., p.228.

12. V.I. Lenin, Collected Works, Moscow, 1963, Vol.15, p.184.

13. Gandhi, CW, Vol. 23, p.120.

9. Propaganda in the Legislatures 1. R.C. Majumdar, editor, British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance, Part I, p.759.

2. Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, p.534 f.n.

3. Ibid., p.553 f.n.

4. Madan Mohan Malaviya, Speeches, Madras, no date, pp.26-7, 30-1.

5. Pherozeshah M. Mehta, Speeches and Writings, edited by C.Y. Chintamani, Allahabad 1905, pp.405-6.

6. Homi Mody, Sir Pherozeshah Mehta, A Political Biography, Bombay, 1963 edition, pp. 185-6.

7. Ibid., p.188.

8. Speeches and Writings op.cit., pp.334, 348.

9. Ibid., p.350.

10. Ibid., p.663.

11. Ibid., p.564.

12. Gokhale, Speeches, pp. 1-29.

13. B.R. Nanda, Gokhale, The Indian Moderates and the Raj, Delhi, 1977, p. 138.

14. Ibid.

15. Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, p.4 f.n.

16. Abstract of the Proceedings of the Council of the Governor-General of India, a.s.sembled for the purpose of making Laws and Regulations, 1904, Vol.XLIII, p.542.

17. Nanda, Gokhale, pp.358-9.

18. Pradhan and Bhagwat, Lokamanya Tilak, p.259.

10. The Swadeshi Movement - 1903-1908 1. B.L. Grover, A Doc.u.mentary Study of British Policy Towards Indian Nationalism, 1885-1909, Delhi, pp.224-5.

2. S. Gopal, British Policy in India, 1858-1905, Cambridge, 1965, p.270.

3. Ibid., pp.270-1.

4. Ibid.

5. Sumit Sarkar, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, 1903-8, New Delhi, 1973, p.20.

6. Haridas and Uma Mukherjee, India's Fight in Freedom or the Swadeshi Movement, 1905-06, Calcutta, 1958, p.162.

7. Sumit Sarkar, op.cit., p.65.

8. Indian National Congress, containing full texts of all Presidential Addresses, etc., Part I, p.863.

9. Bipan Chandra, Modern India, New Delhi, 1969, p.244.

10. Sandhya, 21 November 1906, in Sumit Sarkar, op.cit., p.69.

11. Haridas and Uma Mukherjee, op.cit., p. 109.

11. The Split in the Congress and the Rise of Revolutionary Terrorism 1. Grover, British Policy Towards Indian Nationalism, p. 183.

2. R.C.Majumdar, History of Freedom Movement in India,. Vol.I,Calcutta, 1962, p.413.

3. Nanda, Gokhale, p. 376.

4. Quoted in R.P. Masani, Dadabhai Naoroji: The Grand Old Man of India, p.459.

5. C.H. Philips, editor, The Evolution of India and Pakistan 1858-1947 Select Doc.u.ments, London, 1965 edition, p.151.

6. Nanda, Gokhale, p.182.

7. Speeches and Writings of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, edited by D.G. Karve and D.V. Ambekar, Bombay, 1966, Vol. Two, p.243.

8. Nanda Gokhale, p.283.

9. Ibid., p.293.

10. Ibid.