Buckle, Thomas, his remarks on morals, i. 74, _note_.

On the difference between mental and physical pleasures, 90, _note_.

His views of the comparative influence of intellectual and moral agencies in civilisation, 103, _note_

Bull-baiting in England, ii. 175, _note_

Bulgarians, their conversion to Christianity, ii. 180

Butler, Bishop, maintains the reality of the existence of benevolence in our nature, i. 20, 21, _note_.

On the pleasure derived from virtue, 32, _note_.

His a.n.a.lysis of moral judgments, 76.

His definition of conscience, 83

Byzantine Empire, general sketch of the moral condition of the, ii. 13, 14.

Moral condition of the empire during the Christian period, 147

Caedmon, story of the origin of his "Creation of the World," ii. 204

Caesar, Julius, denies the immortality of the soul, i. 182.

His condemnation of suicide, 213.

His colonial policy, 233.

His multiplication of gladiatorial shows, 273

Caligula, his intoxication with his imperial dignity, i. 259.

His superst.i.tious fears, 367

Calvinists: tendency of the Supralapsarian to deny the existence of a moral sense, i. 17, _note_

Camma, conjugal fidelity of, ii. 341

Capital punishment, aversion to, ii. 39

Carlyle, Thomas, on self-sacrifice, i. 57, _note_.

The influence of conscience on the happiness of men, 62

Carneades, his expulsion from Rome proposed by Cato, i. 399

Carpocrates, licentiousness of the followers of, i. 417

Carthage, effect of the destruction of, on the decadence of Rome, i. 169.

The Decian persecution at, 452

Carthaginians, the, amongst the most prominent of Latin writers, i. 235

Ca.s.sius, the tyrannicide, his suicide, i. 215

Castellio, his exposure of the forgeries of the Sibylline books, i. 377

Catacombs, the, i. 453, 455

Catholicism, Roman, the system of education adopted by, contrasted with that of the English public schools, i. 114.

Conflict of the priests with political economists on the subject of early marriages, 114, 115.

The teaching of, on many points the extreme ant.i.thesis of that of the pagan philosophers, 208.

Its view of death, 208, 210.

Little done by it for humanity to animals, ii. 173, 177, 188.

Influence on despotism, 186.

Its total destruction of religious liberty, 194-199.

Causes of the indifference to truth manifested in its literature, 241.

Protestantism contrasted with it, 368

Cato, his refusal to consult the oracles, i. 165, _note_.

His stoicism, 185.

His inhumanity to his slaves, 193.

His study of the "Phaedon" the night he committed suicide, 212.

His opposition to Greek philosophy, 231.

His view of pre-nuptial chast.i.ty, ii. 314

Cattle plague, theological notions respecting the, i. 356

Catullus, on the death of a sparrow, ii. 165, _note_

Cautinus, Bishop, his drunkenness, ii. 236

Celibacy among the ancients, i. 106.

The Catholic monastic system, 107.

How discouraged by Augustus, 232.

Celibacy the primal virtue of the Christians of the fourth and fifth centuries, ii. 122.

Effect of this upon moral teaching, 122, 123.

History of the celibacy of the clergy, 328, 336

Celsus calls the Christians Sibyllists, i. 376.

And jugglers, 384

Celts, Spanish, their worship of death, i. 206, 207.

Causes of their pa.s.sion for suicide, 207, _note_.

Their lamentations on the birth of men, 207, _note_

Censors, Roman, minute supervision of the, i. 168

Character, influence of, on opinion, i. 172.

Governed in a great measure by national circ.u.mstances, 172

Chariot races, pa.s.sion for, at Constantinople, ii. 37

Charity, a form of self-love, according to the Utilitarians, i. 9, and _note_.

Impossibility of charity becoming a pleasure if practised only with a view to that end, 36.

Charity of the Stoics, 191.

Cicero's emphatic a.s.sertion of the duty, 240.

Exertions of the Christians in the cause of charity, ii. 75, 79.

Inadequate place given to this movement in history, 84, 85.