52. Cong. Globe, Cong. Globe, 27 Cong., 1 sess., 430, 433. 27 Cong., 1 sess., 430, 433.

53. Philadelphia Philadelphia Whig Banner Melodist, Whig Banner Melodist, September 1844, vol. 1, no. 1. September 1844, vol. 1, no. 1.

54. Quoted in the Boston Quoted in the Boston Daily Atlas, Daily Atlas, July 14, 1842. July 14, 1842.

55. Clay to Crook, July 25, 1842, Clay to Crook, July 25, 1842, HCP HCP 9:744. 9:744.

56. Sargent to Clay, August 6, 1842, Sargent to Clay, August 6, 1842, HCP HCP 9:752; Cleveland 9:752; Cleveland Daily Herald, Daily Herald, October 7, 1842. October 7, 1842.

57. Clay to Sargent, July 16, 1842, Clay to Sargent, July 16, 1842, HCP HCP 9:736. 9:736.

58. Clay to Littell, August 17, 1842, Clay to Colton, November 9, 1843, ibid., 9:757, 886. Clay to Littell, August 17, 1842, Clay to Colton, November 9, 1843, ibid., 9:757, 886.

59. New York New York Herald, Herald, September 30, 1842; Clay to Stratton, September 13, 1842, Speeches at Dayton, September 29, 1842, at Indianapolis, October 5, 1842, September 30, 1842; Clay to Stratton, September 13, 1842, Speeches at Dayton, September 29, 1842, at Indianapolis, October 5, 1842, HCP HCP 9:767, 77377, 78284; 9:767, 77377, 78284; Pennsylvania Inquirer and National Gazette, Pennsylvania Inquirer and National Gazette, October 5, 1842, Cleveland October 5, 1842, Cleveland Daily Herald, Daily Herald, October 7, 1842. October 7, 1842.

60. Mendenhall et al. to Clay, October 1, 1842, Speech in Richmond, Indiana, October 1, 1842, Mendenhall et al. to Clay, October 1, 1842, Speech in Richmond, Indiana, October 1, 1842, HCP HCP 9:77781; Thomas D. Hamm, 9:77781; Thomas D. Hamm, God's Government Begun: The Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform, God's Government Begun: The Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform, 18421846 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995), 5456. 18421846 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995), 5456.

61. Neagle to Sartain, November 15, 1842, Neagle Letter. Neagle to Sartain, November 15, 1842, Neagle Letter.

62. Speech in Columbus, Indiana, ca. October 69, 1842, Speech in Columbus, Indiana, ca. October 69, 1842, HCP HCP 9:785. 9:785.

63. Clay to Branham and Bledsoe, July 23, 1843, Clay to Reigart, November 25, 1843, ibid., 9:838, 89293. Clay to Branham and Bledsoe, July 23, 1843, Clay to Reigart, November 25, 1843, ibid., 9:838, 89293.

64. Clay to Webb, March 15, 1842, November 8, 1843, Clay to Leigh, June 20, 1843, Clay to Clayton, June 21, 1843, ibid., 9:680, 827, 885; Mangum to Cameron, June 26, 1841, Mangum, Clay to Webb, March 15, 1842, November 8, 1843, Clay to Leigh, June 20, 1843, Clay to Clayton, June 21, 1843, ibid., 9:680, 827, 885; Mangum to Cameron, June 26, 1841, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 3:185. 3:185.

65. Clay to Berrien, April 23, 1843, Clay to Berrien, April 23, 1843, HCP HCP 9:812; see also Clay to Clayton, August 8, 1842, June 28, 1843, ibid., 753, 831; Smith to Mangum, August 22, 1842, Leigh to Mangum, March 28, 1844, Atwell to Mangum, April 27, 1844, Mangum, 9:812; see also Clay to Clayton, August 8, 1842, June 28, 1843, ibid., 753, 831; Smith to Mangum, August 22, 1842, Leigh to Mangum, March 28, 1844, Atwell to Mangum, April 27, 1844, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 3:382, 4:79, 105. 3:382, 4:79, 105.

66. Philadelphia Philadelphia North American and Daily Advertiser, North American and Daily Advertiser, October 4, 1842; October 4, 1842; Pennsylvania Inquirer and National Gazette, Pennsylvania Inquirer and National Gazette, October 4, 1842; see also October 4, 1842; see also National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, October 4, 1842; Boston October 4, 1842; Boston Daily Atlas, Daily Atlas, October 1, 1842; New York October 1, 1842; New York Herald, Herald, October 2, 1842; Boston October 2, 1842; Boston Courier, Courier, October 6, 1842. October 6, 1842.

67. Clay to Clayton, November 2, 1842, Clay to Sargent, July 29, 1843, Clay to Webb, October 27, 1843, Clay to Clayton, November 2, 1842, Clay to Sargent, July 29, 1843, Clay to Webb, October 27, 1843, HCP HCP 9:787, 841, 876. 9:787, 841, 876.

68. Clay to Porter, October 3, 1843, Porter to Clay, October 13, 1843, Clay to Lawrence, October 5, 1843, Clay to Clayton, October 10, 1843, Clay to Berrien, October 27, 1843, Clay to Webb, October 27, 1843, ibid., 9:86466, 86869, 870, 873, 87476; Clay to Ewing, October 29, 1843, Ewing Family Papers. Clay to Porter, October 3, 1843, Porter to Clay, October 13, 1843, Clay to Lawrence, October 5, 1843, Clay to Clayton, October 10, 1843, Clay to Berrien, October 27, 1843, Clay to Webb, October 27, 1843, ibid., 9:86466, 86869, 870, 873, 87476; Clay to Ewing, October 29, 1843, Ewing Family Papers.

69. Robert Tallant, Robert Tallant, Romantic New Orleans Romantic New Orleans (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1950), 9798; Deed of Trust for Ashland, November 15, 1842, Clay to Clay, December 9, 1842, January 3, 1843, Clay to Clay, December 12, December 25, 1842, Remittances from New Orleans, 184243, (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1950), 9798; Deed of Trust for Ashland, November 15, 1842, Clay to Clay, December 9, 1842, January 3, 1843, Clay to Clay, December 12, December 25, 1842, Remittances from New Orleans, 184243, HCP HCP 9:78990, 79293, 796, 81516. 9:78990, 79293, 796, 81516.

70. Raleigh Register and North Carolina Gazette, Raleigh Register and North Carolina Gazette, February 21, 1843; Jonesborough February 21, 1843; Jonesborough Whig, Whig, February 22, 1842; Milwaukee February 22, 1842; Milwaukee Sentinel, Sentinel, March 1, 1843; Clay to Clay, February 10, 1843, Speech in Lexington, April 10, 1843, Clay to Clayton, May 27, 1843, March 1, 1843; Clay to Clay, February 10, 1843, Speech in Lexington, April 10, 1843, Clay to Clayton, May 27, 1843, HCP HCP 9:800, 810, 821. 9:800, 810, 821.

71. Clay to Clay, March 7, 1842, Clay to Clayton, April 14, 1843, Clay to Clay, March 7, 1842, Clay to Clayton, April 14, 1843, HCP HCP 9:673, 812. 9:673, 812.

72. John E. Kleber, John E. Kleber, The Encyclopedia of Louisville The Encyclopedia of Louisville (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001), 42930; Clay to Clay, March 7, 1842, Clay to Clayton, April 14, 1843, (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001), 42930; Clay to Clay, March 7, 1842, Clay to Clayton, April 14, 1843, HCP HCP 9:673, 812; Jacob to James B. Clay, August 24, 1843, Jacob to Clay, March 22, 1844, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers; Clay to Clay, November 27, 1841, Clay Family Papers, LOC. 9:673, 812; Jacob to James B. Clay, August 24, 1843, Jacob to Clay, March 22, 1844, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers; Clay to Clay, November 27, 1841, Clay Family Papers, LOC.

73. Clay to Letcher, August 15, 1843, Clay to Letcher, August 15, 1843, HCP HCP 9:84445. 9:84445.

74. Clay to Moore et al., July 10, 1843, Clay to Pitts et al., December 12, 1843, Clay to Bayard, November 10, 1843, Clay to Porter, November 8, 1843, ibid., 9:833, 901, 834, 885; Knupfer, Clay to Moore et al., July 10, 1843, Clay to Pitts et al., December 12, 1843, Clay to Bayard, November 10, 1843, Clay to Porter, November 8, 1843, ibid., 9:833, 901, 834, 885; Knupfer, Union as It Is, Union as It Is, 153. 153.

75. Clay to Mangum, July 11, 1842, Clay to Leigh, April 6, 1843, Clay to Mangum, July 11, 1842, Clay to Leigh, April 6, 1843, HCP HCP 9:732, 11:288. 9:732, 11:288.

76. Chitwood, Chitwood, Tyler, Tyler, 284; Crapol, 284; Crapol, Tyler, Tyler, 18385; Corbin to Beverley, March 5, 1843, Beverley Family Papers, VHS. 18385; Corbin to Beverley, March 5, 1843, Beverley Family Papers, VHS.

77. Clay to Berrien, March 23, 1844, Clay to Miller et al., September 9, 1844, Clay to Clayton, August 29, 1844, Clay to Crittenden, March 24, 1844, Clay to Ray, September 26, 1844, Clay to Berrien, March 23, 1844, Clay to Miller et al., September 9, 1844, Clay to Clayton, August 29, 1844, Clay to Crittenden, March 24, 1844, Clay to Ray, September 26, 1844, HCP HCP 10:13, 14, 105, 110, 127. 10:13, 14, 105, 110, 127.

78. Mitchell to Preston, November 7, 1844, Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers; Swift to Pegram, September 24, 1844, Pegram-Johnson-Macintosh Family Papers, VHS; Clay to Simpson, August 15, 1843, Milwaukee Mitchell to Preston, November 7, 1844, Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers; Swift to Pegram, September 24, 1844, Pegram-Johnson-Macintosh Family Papers, VHS; Clay to Simpson, August 15, 1843, Milwaukee Sentinel, Sentinel, December 2, 1843; Clay to Webb, October 25, 1844, December 2, 1843; Clay to Webb, October 25, 1844, HCP HCP 9:84546, 10:136. 9:84546, 10:136.

79. Michael A. Morrison, Michael A. Morrison, Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), 2122, argues that Whig opposition to expansion had little to do with slavery but rather reflected a predisposition to resist anything that distracted the country from consolidating and developing its extant territory. Yet Republicans who inherited the Whig tradition (often the same people) did not oppose expansion after slavery ceased to be an issue, as William Seward's acquisitive foreign policy proves. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), 2122, argues that Whig opposition to expansion had little to do with slavery but rather reflected a predisposition to resist anything that distracted the country from consolidating and developing its extant territory. Yet Republicans who inherited the Whig tradition (often the same people) did not oppose expansion after slavery ceased to be an issue, as William Seward's acquisitive foreign policy proves.

80. Clay to Oakley, May 30, 1843, Clay to Worthington, June 24, 1843, Clay to Oakley, May 30, 1843, Clay to Worthington, June 24, 1843, HCP HCP 9:823, 82829. 9:823, 82829.

81. Clay to Saltonstall, December 4, 1843, ibid., 9:896. Clay to Saltonstall, December 4, 1843, ibid., 9:896.

82. Ibid. Ibid.

83. Clay to Crittenden, December 5, 1843, Clay to Berrien, December 9, 1843, ibid., 9:89899, 900. Clay to Crittenden, December 5, 1843, Clay to Berrien, December 9, 1843, ibid., 9:89899, 900.

84. Kendall to Clay, August 14, 1844, Kendall to Clay, August 14, 1844, HCP HCP 10:94, was published in 10:94, was published in Kendall's Expositor, Kendall's Expositor, August 27, 1844; see also Kendall to Green, June 7, 1844, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers; Clay to Sloane, June 14, 1844, Clay to Gales and Seaton, June 15, 1844, August 27, 1844; see also Kendall to Green, June 7, 1844, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers; Clay to Sloane, June 14, 1844, Clay to Gales and Seaton, June 15, 1844, HCP HCP 10:6869; Cole, 10:6869; Cole, Kendall, Kendall, 243; Peterson, 243; Peterson, Presidencies of Harrison and Tyler, Presidencies of Harrison and Tyler, 173. 173.

85. New Orleans New Orleans Courier, Courier, January 9, 1844; Trowbridge to Smith, January 14, 1844, Trowbridge Family Correspondence, Tulane; Frederick Pollock, editor, January 9, 1844; Trowbridge to Smith, January 14, 1844, Trowbridge Family Correspondence, Tulane; Frederick Pollock, editor, Macready's Reminiscences and Selections from His Diaries and Letters, Macready's Reminiscences and Selections from His Diaries and Letters, 2 volumes (London: Macmillan, 1875), 2:239; Clay to James Brown Clay, January 22, 1844, 2 volumes (London: Macmillan, 1875), 2:239; Clay to James Brown Clay, January 22, 1844, HCP HCP 10:3. 10:3.

86. Murray, Murray, Whig Party in Georgia, Whig Party in Georgia, 106; Clay to Crittenden, March 24, 1844, 106; Clay to Crittenden, March 24, 1844, HCP HCP 10:14. 10:14.

87. Philadelphia Philadelphia Whig Banner Melodist, Whig Banner Melodist, September 1844, vol. 1, no. 1. September 1844, vol. 1, no. 1.

88. Ibid. Ibid.

89. Leigh to Mangum, April 22, 1844, Mangum, Leigh to Mangum, April 22, 1844, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 4:114; Speech in Raleigh, April 13, 1844, 4:114; Speech in Raleigh, April 13, 1844, HCP HCP 10:18. 10:18.

90. Clay to Crittenden, April 17, 1844, ibid., 10:40. Clay to Crittenden, April 17, 1844, ibid., 10:40.

91. Clay to Crittenden, April 21, 1844, ibid., 10:48; Howe, Clay to Crittenden, April 21, 1844, ibid., 10:48; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, What Hath God Wrought, 680; Knupfer, 680; Knupfer, Union as It Is, Union as It Is, 154. 154.

92. Jones, "Clay and Continental Expansion," 25960; Cole, Jones, "Clay and Continental Expansion," 25960; Cole, Van Buren, Van Buren, 39394. 39394.

93. Stephens to Thomas, May 17, 1842, quoted in Holt, Stephens to Thomas, May 17, 1842, quoted in Holt, American Whig Party, American Whig Party, 172. 172.

94. Morrison, Morrison, Slavery and the American West, Slavery and the American West, 3031. 3031.

95. Miller to Lee, May 16, 1844, Barnabas Lee Papers, Filson; Maness, "Clay and Slavery," 18586; Reyburn et al. to Clay, September 11, 1844, Clay to Kennedy, September 16, 1844, Miller to Lee, May 16, 1844, Barnabas Lee Papers, Filson; Maness, "Clay and Slavery," 18586; Reyburn et al. to Clay, September 11, 1844, Clay to Kennedy, September 16, 1844, HCP HCP 10:11617. 10:11617.

96. Clay to Weed, May 6, 1844, Clay Papers, Duke. Clay to Weed, May 6, 1844, Clay Papers, Duke.

97. Yerby to Mangum, June 29, 1844, Mangum, Yerby to Mangum, June 29, 1844, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 4:142; Clay to Green, August 24, 1844, 4:142; Clay to Green, August 24, 1844, HCP HCP 10:103; Adams, 10:103; Adams, Memoirs, Memoirs, 12:26. 12:26.

98. Philadelphia Philadelphia North American and Daily Advertiser, North American and Daily Advertiser, May 7, 1848; May 7, 1848; Emancipator and Weekly Chronicle, Emancipator and Weekly Chronicle, June 26, 1844; Boston June 26, 1844; Boston Daily Atlas, Daily Atlas, July 16, 1844; July 16, 1844; Weekly Ohio Statesman, Weekly Ohio Statesman, August 7, 1844; Holt, August 7, 1844; Holt, American Whig Party, American Whig Party, 192. 192.

99. Combs to Clayton, November 20, 1844, John M. Clayton Papers, LOC; Wendell to Clay, March 11, 1848, Combs to Clayton, November 20, 1844, John M. Clayton Papers, LOC; Wendell to Clay, March 11, 1848, HCP HCP 10:414; Wales to Mangum, June 29, 1844, Mangum, 10:414; Wales to Mangum, June 29, 1844, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 4:140; Galewood to Tazewell, June 15, 1844, Tazewell Family Papers; Peterson, 4:140; Galewood to Tazewell, June 15, 1844, Tazewell Family Papers; Peterson, Presidencies of Harrison and Tyler, Presidencies of Harrison and Tyler, 23435. 23435.

100. Clay to Miller, July 1, 1844, Clay to Miller, July 1, 1844, HCP HCP 10:7879; Maness, "Clay and Slavery," 18990. 10:7879; Maness, "Clay and Slavery," 18990.

101. Clay to Peters and Jackson, July 2, 1844, Clay to Peters and Jackson, July 2, 1844, HCP HCP 10:8991; Jones, "Clay and Continental Expansion," 26162. 10:8991; Jones, "Clay and Continental Expansion," 26162.

102. Seward to Clay, September 10, 1844, Clay to Giddings, September 11, 1844, Clay to Green and Davis, September 23, 1844, Clay to Gales and Seaton, September 23, 1844, Seward to Clay, September 10, 1844, Clay to Giddings, September 11, 1844, Clay to Green and Davis, September 23, 1844, Clay to Gales and Seaton, September 23, 1844, HCP HCP 10:112, 11415, 12224. 10:112, 11415, 12224.

103. Weaver to Crittenden, February 20, 1844, Drake to McDuffie, March 28, 1844, John J. Crittenden Papers, LOC; Clay to Wickliffe, September 2, 1844, Clay to Bond, September 10, 1844, Clay to Clay, September 11, 1844, Clay to Giddings, September 11, 1844, Weaver to Crittenden, February 20, 1844, Drake to McDuffie, March 28, 1844, John J. Crittenden Papers, LOC; Clay to Wickliffe, September 2, 1844, Clay to Bond, September 10, 1844, Clay to Clay, September 11, 1844, Clay to Giddings, September 11, 1844, HCP HCP 10:1089, 111, 112, 11415; Starkweather to Mangum, September 30, 1844, Mangum, 10:1089, 111, 112, 11415; Starkweather to Mangum, September 30, 1844, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 4:201. 4:201.

104. Boston Boston Daily Atlas, Daily Atlas, November 11, 1844; Mitchell to Preston, November 7, 1844, Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers; Allison to Bullitt, September 3, October 1844, Bullitt to Robertson, October 29, 1844, Bullitt Family Papers. November 11, 1844; Mitchell to Preston, November 7, 1844, Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers; Allison to Bullitt, September 3, October 1844, Bullitt to Robertson, October 29, 1844, Bullitt Family Papers.

105. Crittenden to Clay, November 13, 1844, Crittenden to Clay, November 13, 1844, HCP HCP 10:146; Beatty to Stevenson, December 28, 1844, Beatty-Quisenberry Family Papers, Filson. 10:146; Beatty to Stevenson, December 28, 1844, Beatty-Quisenberry Family Papers, Filson.

106. Frelinghuysen to Clay, November 9, 1844; Clay to LeVert, November 21, 1844, Frelinghuysen to Clay, November 9, 1844; Clay to LeVert, November 21, 1844, HCP HCP 10:143, 154. 10:143, 154.

107. Clay to Leakin et al., December 9, 1844, Clay to Leakin et al., December 9, 1844, HCP HCP 10:277. 10:277.

108. Ibid., 10:17677. Ibid., 10:17677.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN.

"Death, Ruthless Death"

1. Roman to Clay, December 2, 1844, Roman to Clay, December 2, 1844, HCP HCP 10:16970. 10:16970.

2. Beatty to Stevenson, December 28, 1844, Beatty-Quisenberry Family Papers; Central Clay Committee to Clay, March 4, 1845, Henry Clay Papers, LOV. Beatty to Stevenson, December 28, 1844, Beatty-Quisenberry Family Papers; Central Clay Committee to Clay, March 4, 1845, Henry Clay Papers, LOV.

3. Combs to Boardman, November 2, 1844, Combs Letters, Filson. Combs to Boardman, November 2, 1844, Combs Letters, Filson.

4. Underwood's remarks and Clay's response are in Underwood's remarks and Clay's response are in HCP HCP 10:17072. 10:17072.

5. Crittenden to Combs, December 16, 1844, John Jordan Crittenden Letters, UKY. Crittenden to Combs, December 16, 1844, John Jordan Crittenden Letters, UKY.

6. Clay to Crittenden, November 28, 1844, Clay to Crittenden, November 28, 1844, HCP HCP 10:161. 10:161.

7. See, for example, Clay to Schenck, April 8, 1847, Hampton to Clay, June 3, 1845, Clay to Grinnell and Nye, September 27, 1845, Clay to White et al., December 16, 1845, Speech to McNairy, November 12, 1846, Clay to Washington, November 13, 1846, See, for example, Clay to Schenck, April 8, 1847, Hampton to Clay, June 3, 1845, Clay to Grinnell and Nye, September 27, 1845, Clay to White et al., December 16, 1845, Speech to McNairy, November 12, 1846, Clay to Washington, November 13, 1846, HCP HCP 10:318, 228, 243, 253, 286, 288; see also the Philadelphia 10:318, 228, 243, 253, 286, 288; see also the Philadelphia North American and Daily Advertiser, North American and Daily Advertiser, January 4, 1845. January 4, 1845.

8. Tilford to Clay, February 17, 1845, Tilford to Clay, February 17, 1845, HCP HCP 10:200. 10:200.

9. See, for example, Clay to Lawrence, March 20, 1845, ibid., 10:209. See, for example, Clay to Lawrence, March 20, 1845, ibid., 10:209.

10. Clay to Tilford, February 22, 1845, ibid., 10:201. See also Clay to LeVert, May 20, 1845, ibid., 10:226. Clay to Tilford, February 22, 1845, ibid., 10:201. See also Clay to LeVert, May 20, 1845, ibid., 10:226.

11. Mercer to Clay, April 22, 1845, ibid., 10:217. Mercer to Clay, April 22, 1845, ibid., 10:217.

12. Clay to Tilford, August 4, 1845, ibid., 10:233. Clay to Tilford, August 4, 1845, ibid., 10:233.

13. Clay to Wedgewood, July 30, 1845, ibid., 10:275; Lexington Clay to Wedgewood, July 30, 1845, ibid., 10:275; Lexington Gazette, Gazette, April 15, 1893. April 15, 1893.

14. These accounts also named Tilford as "Littford," another discrepancy that casts doubt on the story as a whole. See the These accounts also named Tilford as "Littford," another discrepancy that casts doubt on the story as a whole. See the Scioto Scioto (Chillicothe, Ohio) (Chillicothe, Ohio) Gazette, Gazette, March 17, 1847. Clay's friends protested the publicity from the start. See the Boston March 17, 1847. Clay's friends protested the publicity from the start. See the Boston Daily Atlas, Daily Atlas, May 8, 1845. May 8, 1845.

15. Milwaukee Daily Sentinel, Milwaukee Daily Sentinel, October 12, 1845; Madeleine McDowell, "Recollections of Henry Clay," October 12, 1845; Madeleine McDowell, "Recollections of Henry Clay," Century Magazine Century Magazine 50 (September 1895): 766. 50 (September 1895): 766.

16. Neagle to Sartain, November 15, 1842, Neagle Letter; Simmons to Simmons, June 6, 1841, Simmons Papers. Neagle to Sartain, November 15, 1842, Neagle Letter; Simmons to Simmons, June 6, 1841, Simmons Papers.

17. Clay to Clay, May 6, 1845, Clay to Clay, May 6, 1845, HCP HCP 10:224; Clay Lancaster, "Major Thomas Lewinski: emigre Architect in Kentucky," 10:224; Clay Lancaster, "Major Thomas Lewinski: emigre Architect in Kentucky," Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 11 (December 1952): 14, 18. 11 (December 1952): 14, 18.

18. Clay to Clayton, April 14, 1843, ibid., 9:812. Clay to Clayton, April 14, 1843, ibid., 9:812.

19. Philadelphia Philadelphia North American and Daily Advertiser, North American and Daily Advertiser, October 14, 1845. October 14, 1845.

20. Ibid.; McDowell, "Recollections," 76566. Ibid.; McDowell, "Recollections," 76566.

21. Clay to Burnham, 1851, Clay to Burnham, 1851, HCP HCP 10:838. 10:838.

22. One such article was derived from an October 1830 speech to the Hamilton County, Ohio, Agricultural Society and appeared in that year's One such article was derived from an October 1830 speech to the Hamilton County, Ohio, Agricultural Society and appeared in that year's The Western Agriculturist and Practical Farmer's Guide. The Western Agriculturist and Practical Farmer's Guide. See See HCP HCP 8:27278, Clay to Colman, March 4, 1842, ibid., 9:67172. 8:27278, Clay to Colman, March 4, 1842, ibid., 9:67172.

23. Clay to Garrett & Sons, July 31, 1843, Clay to Sargent, July 31, 1842, Clay to Clayton, August 8, 1842, Clay to Garrett & Sons, July 31, 1843, Clay to Sargent, July 31, 1842, Clay to Clayton, August 8, 1842, HCP HCP 9:749, 754, 84142. "Why can't we furnish our navy and merchant vessels [with native hemp]?" asked a concerned patriot. "We shall never be independent till we do. And in case of war with England, we would be in a pretty box if that nation blockaded the Baltic." See Stevenson to Beatty, March 12, 1841, Beatty-Quisenberry Family Papers. 9:749, 754, 84142. "Why can't we furnish our navy and merchant vessels [with native hemp]?" asked a concerned patriot. "We shall never be independent till we do. And in case of war with England, we would be in a pretty box if that nation blockaded the Baltic." See Stevenson to Beatty, March 12, 1841, Beatty-Quisenberry Family Papers.

24. James F. Hopkins, "Henry Clay, Farmer and Stockman," James F. Hopkins, "Henry Clay, Farmer and Stockman," Journal of Southern History Journal of Southern History 15 (February 1949): 8990; Jeff Meyer, "Henry Clay's Legacy to Horse Breeding and Racing," 15 (February 1949): 8990; Jeff Meyer, "Henry Clay's Legacy to Horse Breeding and Racing," Register of the Kentucky Historical Society Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 99 (Autumn 2002): 47396. 99 (Autumn 2002): 47396.

25. Cleveland Cleveland Daily Herald, Daily Herald, January 28, 1846. January 28, 1846.

26. Clay to LeVert, June 25, 1846, Clay to LeVert, June 25, 1846, HCP HCP 10:247. 10:247.

27. Preston to Preston, July 1, 1846, WickliffePreston Family Papers. Preston to Preston, July 1, 1846, WickliffePreston Family Papers.

28. New York Times, New York Times, January 2, 1883. January 2, 1883.

29. Frankfort Frankfort Commonwealth, Commonwealth, July 7; Boston July 7; Boston Daily Atlas, Daily Atlas, July 24, 1846; Duralde to Duralde, July 29, 1846, Martin Duralde III Letterbook, Library of Virginia. July 24, 1846; Duralde to Duralde, July 29, 1846, Martin Duralde III Letterbook, Library of Virginia.

30. The article entitled "Armistead Churchill," The article entitled "Armistead Churchill," William and Mary Quarterly, William and Mary Quarterly, volume 9 (April 1901), 249, states that Alexander and Mary Bullitt had only two children, Polly and a son, Thomas. Yet the biographical article on Alexander Scott Bullitt in John E. Kleber, volume 9 (April 1901), 249, states that Alexander and Mary Bullitt had only two children, Polly and a son, Thomas. Yet the biographical article on Alexander Scott Bullitt in John E. Kleber, The Kentucky Encyclopedia The Kentucky Encyclopedia (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1992), 139, lists three children: Polly, Thomas, and James. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1992), 139, lists three children: Polly, Thomas, and James.

31. Bullitt to Bullitt, December 12, 1845, Bullitt Family Papers. Bullitt to Bullitt, December 12, 1845, Bullitt Family Papers.

32. Mary Ellen Doyle, Mary Ellen Doyle, Pioneer Spirit: Catherine Spalding, Sister of Charity of Nazareth Pioneer Spirit: Catherine Spalding, Sister of Charity of Nazareth (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2006), 166. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2006), 166.

33. Samuel D. Gross, Samuel D. Gross, Autobiography of Samuel D. Gross, M.D., Autobiography of Samuel D. Gross, M.D., 2 volumes (Philadelphia: G. Barrie, 1887), 1:122. 2 volumes (Philadelphia: G. Barrie, 1887), 1:122.

34. Ibid.; Bullitt to Bullitt, May 1849, Bullitt Family Papers; McDowell, "Recollections," 765. Ibid.; Bullitt to Bullitt, May 1849, Bullitt Family Papers; McDowell, "Recollections," 765.

35. Bullitt to Bullitt, May 8, 1849, Bullitt Family Papers. See also the Louisville Bullitt to Bullitt, May 8, 1849, Bullitt Family Papers. See also the Louisville Daily Journal, Daily Journal, April 30, May 7, 8, 9, 1849. April 30, May 7, 8, 9, 1849.

36. Clay to Sargent, January 11, 1845, Clay to Sargent, January 11, 1845, HCP HCP 10:189. 10:189.

37. Clay to Bayard, May 7, 1846, ibid., 10:267. Clay to Bayard, May 7, 1846, ibid., 10:267.

38. Clay to Clay, June 21, 1845, ibid., 10:229; Oliver Frazer said that Clay was "the worst sitter in the world." See McDowell, "Recollections," 767. See also Clay to Clay, June 21, 1845, ibid., 10:229; Oliver Frazer said that Clay was "the worst sitter in the world." See McDowell, "Recollections," 767. See also National Intelligencer, National Intelligencer, May 10, 1845; Philadelphia May 10, 1845; Philadelphia North American and Daily Advertiser, North American and Daily Advertiser, July 3, 1845. Jackson's death was not unexpected, but his cult of personality was enduring. Rumors had circulated up until he breathed his last that he might run for a third term. July 3, 1845. Jackson's death was not unexpected, but his cult of personality was enduring. Rumors had circulated up until he breathed his last that he might run for a third term. Niles' Weekly Register, Niles' Weekly Register, November 8, 1845, 47:145. November 8, 1845, 47:145.