22. Reg. of Deb., Reg. of Deb., 23 Cong., 1 sess., 82630, 834; Benton, 23 Cong., 1 sess., 82630, 834; Benton, Thirty Years, Thirty Years, 1:420; Wilson, 1:420; Wilson, Presidency of Van Buren, Presidency of Van Buren, 35. 35.

23. Clay to Brooke, March 23, 1834, Clay to Brooke, March 23, 1834, HCP HCP 8:706. 8:706.

24. Comment, March 25, 1834, Comment, March 25, 1834, HCP HCP 8:707; 8:707; Reg. of Deb., Reg. of Deb., 23 Cong., 1 sess., 1187. 23 Cong., 1 sess., 1187.

25. Speech, April 14, 1834, Speech, April 14, 1834, HCP HCP 8:714. 8:714.

26. Holt, Holt, American Whig Party, American Whig Party, 2729; Van Deusen, 2729; Van Deusen, Clay, Clay, 277; Clay to Brooke, June 27, 1835, 277; Clay to Brooke, June 27, 1835, HCP HCP 8:775; Clay to Caldwell, June 25, 1835, Clay Papers, Duke. 8:775; Clay to Caldwell, June 25, 1835, Clay Papers, Duke.

27. Clay to Sargent, September 23, 1843, Clay to Sargent, September 23, 1843, HCP HCP 9:86162. 9:86162.

28. Speech, April 30, 1834, Clay to Caldwell, May 7, 1834, Remark, June 30, 1834, Speech, April 30, 1834, Clay to Caldwell, May 7, 1834, Remark, June 30, 1834, HCP HCP 8:722, 724, 735, 77576; Thomas Brown, "Southern Whigs and the Politics of Statesmanship, 18331841," 8:722, 724, 735, 77576; Thomas Brown, "Southern Whigs and the Politics of Statesmanship, 18331841," Journal of Southern History Journal of Southern History 46 (August 1980): 364. 46 (August 1980): 364.

29. Speech, June 27, 1834, Speech, June 27, 1834, HCP HCP 8:734; Parks, 8:734; Parks, Grundy, Grundy, 256; Richard Arden Wire, "John M. Clayton and Whig Politics During the Second Jackson Administration," 256; Richard Arden Wire, "John M. Clayton and Whig Politics During the Second Jackson Administration," Delaware History Delaware History 18 (1978): 7. 18 (1978): 7.

30. Clay to Clay, March 10, 1834, Clay to Caldwell, May 7, 1834, Clay to Brown, August 2, 1834, Clay to Clay, March 10, 1834, Clay to Caldwell, May 7, 1834, Clay to Brown, August 2, 1834, HCP HCP 8:704, 724, 738. 8:704, 724, 738.

31. Clay to Caldwell, August 8, 1834, Clay to Chauncey, October 18, 1834, Clay to Lieber, December 3, 1834, Wines to Clay, April 30, 1836, ibid., 8:740, 749, 752, 847. Clay to Caldwell, August 8, 1834, Clay to Chauncey, October 18, 1834, Clay to Lieber, December 3, 1834, Wines to Clay, April 30, 1836, ibid., 8:740, 749, 752, 847.

32. Jackson to Van Buren, August 8, 1834, Bassett, Jackson to Van Buren, August 8, 1834, Bassett, Correspondence, Correspondence, 5:28182; Clay to Gales, August 8, 1834, Clay to Speed, November 1, 1834, 5:28182; Clay to Gales, August 8, 1834, Clay to Speed, November 1, 1834, HCP HCP 8:740, 750; Van Buren to Brown, September 7, 1834, Bedford Brown Papers, Duke; Clay to Leigh, October 22, 1834, Leigh Letters, UVA; Tucker to Cabell, September 5, 1834, Cabell Papers. 8:740, 750; Van Buren to Brown, September 7, 1834, Bedford Brown Papers, Duke; Clay to Leigh, October 22, 1834, Leigh Letters, UVA; Tucker to Cabell, September 5, 1834, Cabell Papers.

33. Wire, "John M. Clayton," 7; Clay to Clay, December 1834, Clay to Brooke, January 16, 1835, Wire, "John M. Clayton," 7; Clay to Clay, December 1834, Clay to Brooke, January 16, 1835, HCP HCP 8:751, 756. 8:751, 756.

34. Remarks, January 6, 1835, Remarks, January 6, 1835, HCP HCP 8:754. 8:754.

35. Jackson Annual Message, December 1, 1834, Richardson, editor, Jackson Annual Message, December 1, 1834, Richardson, editor, Messages and Papers, Messages and Papers, 3:1047; Clay to Clay, December 1834, Remark, March 3, 1835, 3:1047; Clay to Clay, December 1834, Remark, March 3, 1835, HCP HCP 8:75152, 766. 8:75152, 766.

36. John M. Belohlavek, John M. Belohlavek, "Let the Eagle Soar!": The Foreign Policy of Andrew Jackson "Let the Eagle Soar!": The Foreign Policy of Andrew Jackson (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983), 116. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983), 116.

37. Speech, January 14, 1835, Remark, March 3, 1835, Speech, January 14, 1835, Remark, March 3, 1835, HCP HCP 8:75556, 766; Francis D. Wormuth and Edwin B. Firmage, 8:75556, 766; Francis D. Wormuth and Edwin B. Firmage, To Chain the Dog of War: The War Power of Congress in History and Law To Chain the Dog of War: The War Power of Congress in History and Law (Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press, 1986), 37; (Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press, 1986), 37; Niles' Weekly Register, Niles' Weekly Register, March 14, 1835; Belohlavek, March 14, 1835; Belohlavek, Foreign Policy of Jackson, Foreign Policy of Jackson, 11819. 11819.

38. Clay to Biddle, March 4, 1835, Clay to Biddle, March 4, 1835, HCP HCP 8:767. 8:767.

39. Clay to Brooke, June 27, 1835, ibid., 8:776. Clay to Brooke, June 27, 1835, ibid., 8:776.

40. Clay to Clay, November 19, 1835, ibid., 8:803. Clay to Clay, November 19, 1835, ibid., 8:803.

41. Clay to Clay, December 3, 1835, December 9, 1835, Clay to Erwin, December 10, 1835, Smith to Clay, December 10, 1835, ibid., 8:804, 805, 806; Lexington Clay to Clay, December 3, 1835, December 9, 1835, Clay to Erwin, December 10, 1835, Smith to Clay, December 10, 1835, ibid., 8:804, 805, 806; Lexington Intelligencer, Intelligencer, quoted in New York quoted in New York Spectator, Spectator, December 28, 1835. December 28, 1835.

42. Smith, Smith, Forty Years, Forty Years, 375; Colton, 375; Colton, Clay, Clay, 1:32; Clay to Clay, December 19, 1835, 1:32; Clay to Clay, December 19, 1835, HCP HCP 8:808. 8:808.

43. Clay to Clay, December 19, 1835, Clay to Clay, December 19, 1835, HCP HCP 8:8089. 8:8089.

44. Erwin to Clay, December 15, 1835, Clay to Brooke, January 1, 1836, ibid., 8:8078, 814; Clay to Clay, n.d., Clay to Clay, January 30, 1836, Clay-Russell Papers; Clay to Clay, April 15, 1835, Clay to Russell, January 1, 1836, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers. Erwin to Clay, December 15, 1835, Clay to Brooke, January 1, 1836, ibid., 8:8078, 814; Clay to Clay, n.d., Clay to Clay, January 30, 1836, Clay-Russell Papers; Clay to Clay, April 15, 1835, Clay to Russell, January 1, 1836, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers.

45. Speech, December 29, 1835, Clay to Clay, January 23, 1836, Clay to Clay, January 25, 1836, Speech, December 29, 1835, Clay to Clay, January 23, 1836, Clay to Clay, January 25, 1836, HCP HCP 8:812, 820, 821, 822. 8:812, 820, 821, 822.

46. Comment, March 28, 1832, Clay to Berry, June 15, 1833, Comment, March 9, 1836, ibid., 8:48283, 650, 833; Betty L. Fladeland, "Compensated Emancipation: A Rejected Alternative," Comment, March 28, 1832, Clay to Berry, June 15, 1833, Comment, March 9, 1836, ibid., 8:48283, 650, 833; Betty L. Fladeland, "Compensated Emancipation: A Rejected Alternative," Journal of Southern History Journal of Southern History 42 (May 1976): 18082. 42 (May 1976): 18082.

47. Clay to Speed, August 23, 1831, Speech, June 18, 1836, Clay to Gurley, December 22, 1836, Clay to Huey, May 30, 1837, Clay to Speed, August 23, 1831, Speech, June 18, 1836, Clay to Gurley, December 22, 1836, Clay to Huey, May 30, 1837, HCP HCP 8:390, 853, 874, 9:47; Knupfer, 8:390, 853, 874, 9:47; Knupfer, Union as It Is, Union as It Is, 150; Lonnie Edward Maness, "Henry Clay and the Problem of Slavery," Ph.D. dissertation, Memphis State University, 1980, 103, 111, 12122, 12627; Seager, "Politics of Compromise," 17; Howe, 150; Lonnie Edward Maness, "Henry Clay and the Problem of Slavery," Ph.D. dissertation, Memphis State University, 1980, 103, 111, 12122, 12627; Seager, "Politics of Compromise," 17; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, What Hath God Wrought, 429, 513; William L. Van Deburg, "Henry Clay, the Right of Petition, and Slavery in the Nation's Capital," 429, 513; William L. Van Deburg, "Henry Clay, the Right of Petition, and Slavery in the Nation's Capital," Register of the Kentucky Historical Society Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 68 (1970): 13334; Remarks, January 27, 1837, Calhoun, 68 (1970): 13334; Remarks, January 27, 1837, Calhoun, Papers, Papers, 13:37071. 13:37071.

48. Wilson, Wilson, Presidency of Van Buren, Presidency of Van Buren, 148. 148.

49. Speech, June 18, 1836, Speech, June 18, 1836, HCP HCP 8:855. 8:855.

50. Clay to Whittier, July 22, 1837, ibid., 9:64; Belohlavek, Clay to Whittier, July 22, 1837, ibid., 9:64; Belohlavek, Foreign Policy of Jackson, Foreign Policy of Jackson, 237. 237.

51. Howe, Howe, What Hath God Wrought, What Hath God Wrought, 54546; Wilson, 54546; Wilson, Presidency of Van Buren, Presidency of Van Buren, 16. 16.

52. Clay to Mangum, August 26, 1834, Willie P. Mangum Papers, Duke. Clay to Mangum, August 26, 1834, Willie P. Mangum Papers, Duke.

53. Holt, Holt, American Whig Party, American Whig Party, 38; Clay to Brooke, July 20, 1835, 38; Clay to Brooke, July 20, 1835, HCP HCP 8:79192; Brown to Ewing, December 15, 1835, Ewing Family Papers; Powell Moore, "The Revolt Against Jackson in Tennessee, 18351836," 8:79192; Brown to Ewing, December 15, 1835, Ewing Family Papers; Powell Moore, "The Revolt Against Jackson in Tennessee, 18351836," Journal of Southern History Journal of Southern History 2 (August 1936): 345, 34748, 355; Jonathan M. Atkins, "The Presidential Candidacy of Hugh Lawson White in Tennessee, 18321836," 2 (August 1936): 345, 34748, 355; Jonathan M. Atkins, "The Presidential Candidacy of Hugh Lawson White in Tennessee, 18321836," Journal of Southern History Journal of Southern History 58 (February 1992): 3440. 58 (February 1992): 3440.

54. Clay to Brooke, June 27, 1835, Clay to Bailhache, July 14, 1835, Clay to Southard, July 31, 1835, Clay to Brooke, June 27, 1835, Clay to Bailhache, July 14, 1835, Clay to Southard, July 31, 1835, HCP HCP 8:77576, 78284, 795; Clay to Barbour, July 18, 1835, Barbour Family Papers, VHS; Vance to Este, February 14, 1835, Bruce Papers. 8:77576, 78284, 795; Clay to Barbour, July 18, 1835, Barbour Family Papers, VHS; Vance to Este, February 14, 1835, Bruce Papers.

55. Clay to Southard, July 31, 1835, Clay to Hughes, August 25, 1835, Brooke to Clay, August 31, 1835, Clay to Southard, July 31, 1835, Clay to Hughes, August 25, 1835, Brooke to Clay, August 31, 1835, HCP HCP 8:795, 79798. 8:795, 79798.

56. Clay to Wines, April 30, 1836, Clay to Smith, May 14, 1836, Clay to Clay, May 12, 1836, May 19, 1836, Clay to Southard, September 27, 1836, ibid., 8:847, 850, 866. Clay to Wines, April 30, 1836, Clay to Smith, May 14, 1836, Clay to Clay, May 12, 1836, May 19, 1836, Clay to Southard, September 27, 1836, ibid., 8:847, 850, 866.

57. Clay to Gilmer, January 1836, Remark, January 18, 1836, Speech, February 22, 1836, Clay to Patton et al., April 7, 1836, ibid., 8:819, 820, 829, 840; Clay to Brooke, January 25, 1836, Clay Papers, Duke; Peterson, Clay to Gilmer, January 1836, Remark, January 18, 1836, Speech, February 22, 1836, Clay to Patton et al., April 7, 1836, ibid., 8:819, 820, 829, 840; Clay to Brooke, January 25, 1836, Clay Papers, Duke; Peterson, Compromise of 1833 Compromise of 1833, 103; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, What Hath God Wrought, 363. 363.

58. Remark, March 31, 1836, Remark, March 31, 1836, HCP HCP 8:839. 8:839.

59. Peterson, Peterson, Compromise of 1833 Compromise of 1833, 103; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, What Hath God Wrought, 499. 499.

60. Howe, Howe, What Hath God Wrought, What Hath God Wrought, 500; Peter L. Rousseau, "Jacksonian Monetary Policy, Specie Flows, and the Panic of 1837," 500; Peter L. Rousseau, "Jacksonian Monetary Policy, Specie Flows, and the Panic of 1837," Journal of Economic History Journal of Economic History 62 (June 2002): 45758, 461; Richard H. Timberlake, Jr., "The Specie Circular and Distribution of the Surplus," 62 (June 2002): 45758, 461; Richard H. Timberlake, Jr., "The Specie Circular and Distribution of the Surplus," Journal of Political Economy Journal of Political Economy 68 (April 1960): 11011, 117. Economic historian Richard Timberlake tried to demonstrate that the Specie Circular had little to do with the drain of specie from major banks, but Peter Rousseau, cited above, clearly demonstrated that it was a significant contributing factor. 68 (April 1960): 11011, 117. Economic historian Richard Timberlake tried to demonstrate that the Specie Circular had little to do with the drain of specie from major banks, but Peter Rousseau, cited above, clearly demonstrated that it was a significant contributing factor.

61. Speech, July 26, 1836, Speech, January 11, 1837, Speech, July 26, 1836, Speech, January 11, 1837, HCP HCP 8:86061, 9:36; Howe, 8:86061, 9:36; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, What Hath God Wrought, 500. 500.

62. Clay to Fendall, November 5, 1836, Clay to Clay, December 16, 1836, Clay to Fendall, November 5, 1836, Clay to Clay, December 16, 1836, HCP HCP 8:868, 872; Jackson to Polk, September 15, 1835, Jackson to Armstrong, September 15, 1835, Bassett, 8:868, 872; Jackson to Polk, September 15, 1835, Jackson to Armstrong, September 15, 1835, Bassett, Correspondence, Correspondence, 5:365, 366; Brown, "Southern Whigs," 364. 5:365, 366; Brown, "Southern Whigs," 364.

63. Clay to Brooke, February 26, 1836, Clay to Brooke, February 26, 1836, HCP HCP 8:831; Clement Eaton, "Southern Senators and the Right of Instruction, 17891860," 8:831; Clement Eaton, "Southern Senators and the Right of Instruction, 17891860," Journal of Southern History Journal of Southern History 18 (August 1952): 31215. 18 (August 1952): 31215.

64. Reg. of Deb., Reg. of Deb., 24 Cong., 2 sess., 429. 24 Cong., 2 sess., 429.

65. Speech, January 16, 1837, Speech, January 16, 1837, HCP HCP 9:1214. 9:1214.

66. Reg. of Deb., Reg. of Deb., 24 Cong., 2 sess., 505; Jackson to Benton, January 17, 1837, Bassett, 24 Cong., 2 sess., 505; Jackson to Benton, January 17, 1837, Bassett, Correspondence, Correspondence, 5:45051; Jon Meacham, 5:45051; Jon Meacham, American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House (New York: Random House, 2008), 337. (New York: Random House, 2008), 337.

67. Clay to Clay, January 28, 1837, February 22, 1837, Clay to Clay, January 28, 1837, February 22, 1837, HCP HCP 9:20, 31. 9:20, 31.

68. Clay to Brooke, February 10, 1837, Clay to Hughes, June 18, 1837, ibid., 9:27, 50. Clay to Brooke, February 10, 1837, Clay to Hughes, June 18, 1837, ibid., 9:27, 50.

69. Thomas Ritchie, Thomas Ritchie, Thomas Ritchie's Letter, Containing Reminiscences of Henry Clay and the Compromise Thomas Ritchie's Letter, Containing Reminiscences of Henry Clay and the Compromise (Richmond: n.p., 1952), 29. (Richmond: n.p., 1952), 29.

70. Clay to Brooke, March 7, 1837, Clay to Brooke, March 7, 1837, HCP HCP 9:39. 9:39.

71. Richardson, Richardson, Messages and Papers, Messages and Papers, 3:31320. 3:31320.

72. Howe, Howe, What Hath God Wrought, What Hath God Wrought, 5023; Temin, "Economic Consequences of Bank War," 270; Rousseau, "Jacksonian Monetary Policy," 45758. 5023; Temin, "Economic Consequences of Bank War," 270; Rousseau, "Jacksonian Monetary Policy," 45758.

73. Jackson to Van Buren, May 12, 1837, Bassett, Jackson to Van Buren, May 12, 1837, Bassett, Correspondence, Correspondence, 5:482; Wilson, 5:482; Wilson, Presidency of Van Buren, Presidency of Van Buren, 67, 75; Howe, 67, 75; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, What Hath God Wrought, 5067; David J. Russo, "The Major Political Issues of the Jacksonian Period and the Development of Party Loyalty in Congress, 18301840," 5067; David J. Russo, "The Major Political Issues of the Jacksonian Period and the Development of Party Loyalty in Congress, 18301840," Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 62 (1972): 37. 62 (1972): 37.

74. Clay to Stow, April 26, 1837, Clay to Clay, May 26, 1837, Clay to Hamilton, May 26, 1837, Clay to Hughes, June 18, 1837, Clay to Noble, June 20, 1837, Clay to Davis, July 3, 1837, Clay to Thompson, July 8, 1837, Clay to Wheatley, August 18, 1837, Clay to Stow, April 26, 1837, Clay to Clay, May 26, 1837, Clay to Hamilton, May 26, 1837, Clay to Hughes, June 18, 1837, Clay to Noble, June 20, 1837, Clay to Davis, July 3, 1837, Clay to Thompson, July 8, 1837, Clay to Wheatley, August 18, 1837, HCP HCP 9:43, 45, 46, 49, 5051, 55, 58. 9:43, 45, 46, 49, 5051, 55, 58.

75. Brown, "Southern Whigs," 37072. Brown, "Southern Whigs," 37072.

76. Speech, September 25, 1837, Remark, October 10, 1837, Speech, September 25, 1837, Remark, October 10, 1837, HCP HCP 9:76, 85; Wilson, 9:76, 85; Wilson, Presidency of Van Buren, Presidency of Van Buren, 61, 7677. 61, 7677.

77. Clay to Hughes, June 18, 1837, Clay to Clay, August 27, 1837, September 8, 1837, Clay to Clay, October 8, 1837, Clay to Hughes, June 18, 1837, Clay to Clay, August 27, 1837, September 8, 1837, Clay to Clay, October 8, 1837, HCP HCP 9:50, 72, 73, 84. 9:50, 72, 73, 84.

78. Duralde to Clay, December 24, 1837, Clay to Clay, January 6, 1838, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers. Duralde to Clay, December 24, 1837, Clay to Clay, January 6, 1838, Thomas J. Clay Collection, Henry Clay Papers.

79. Duralde to Clay, December 24, 1837, ibid. Duralde to Clay, December 24, 1837, ibid.

80. Clay to Clay, November 19, 1837, Clay to Clay, November 19, 1837, HCP HCP 8:803. 8:803.

81. Clay to Mangum, November 17, 1837, ibid., 9:92. Clay to Mangum, November 17, 1837, ibid., 9:92.

CHAPTER TEN.

"I Had Rather Be Right than Be President"

1. Clay to Swartwout, August 10, 1838, Clay to Swartwout, August 10, 1838, HCP HCP 9:216. 9:216.

2. Clay to Sargent, August 11, 1838, Clay Papers, UVA; Clay to Wilde, June 24, 1839, Clay to Sargent, August 11, 1838, Clay Papers, UVA; Clay to Wilde, June 24, 1839, HCP HCP 9:329. 9:329.

3. Clay to Prentice, August 14, 1837, Clay to Prentice, August 14, 1837, HCP HCP 9:6970. 9:6970.

4. See, for example, Biddle to Webster, June 1, 1838, Webster, See, for example, Biddle to Webster, June 1, 1838, Webster, Papers, Papers, 4:303; Robert Gray Gunderson, 4:303; Robert Gray Gunderson, The Log-Cabin Campaign The Log-Cabin Campaign (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1957), 2324. (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1957), 2324.

5. Bryan to Clay, July 14, 1837, Bryan to Clay, July 14, 1837, HCP HCP 9:6162; Sydney Nathans, 9:6162; Sydney Nathans, Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973), 108. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973), 108.

6. Clay to Hamilton, May 26, 1837, Clay to Letcher, May 30, 1837, Clay to Davis, July 3, 1837, Clay to Thompson, Jr., July 8, 1837, Clay to Hamilton, May 26, 1837, Clay to Letcher, May 30, 1837, Clay to Davis, July 3, 1837, Clay to Thompson, Jr., July 8, 1837, HCP HCP 9:46, 48, 5455, 58. Some of her contemporaries and Webster's recent biographer describe Caroline LeRoy Webster as unattractive, but the portrait by John Wesley Jarvis shows her to have had regular features pleasantly arranged. Possibly that likeness resulted from benevolent artistic license, but it seems unfair to find fault with her looks based on a few critical descriptions from people like Edward Everett. See Robert V. Remini, 9:46, 48, 5455, 58. Some of her contemporaries and Webster's recent biographer describe Caroline LeRoy Webster as unattractive, but the portrait by John Wesley Jarvis shows her to have had regular features pleasantly arranged. Possibly that likeness resulted from benevolent artistic license, but it seems unfair to find fault with her looks based on a few critical descriptions from people like Edward Everett. See Robert V. Remini, Daniel Webster: The Man and His Time Daniel Webster: The Man and His Time (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), 310. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), 310.

7. Clay to Porter, June 3, 1838, Clay to Porter, June 3, 1838, HCP HCP 9:198; Webster to Biddle, May 31, 1838, Webster, 9:198; Webster to Biddle, May 31, 1838, Webster, Papers, Papers, 4:302; Cole, 4:302; Cole, Van Buren, Van Buren, 33435. 33435.

8. Gunderson, Gunderson, Log-Cabin Campaign, Log-Cabin Campaign, 42; Holt, 42; Holt, American Whig Party, American Whig Party, 92. 92.

9. Clay to the Committee of New York Whigs, August 8, 1837, Clay to the Committee of New York Whigs, August 8, 1837, HCP HCP 9:67. 9:67.

10. Clay to Swartwout, April 2, 1838, ibid., 9:16768. Clay to Swartwout, April 2, 1838, ibid., 9:16768.

11. Henry A. Wise, Henry A. Wise, Seven Decades of the Union Seven Decades of the Union (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1872), 16269; Clay to Porter, January 5, 1838. (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1872), 16269; Clay to Porter, January 5, 1838. HCP HCP 9:120; McCormick, 9:120; McCormick, Presidential Game, Presidential Game, 120. 120.

12. Holt, Holt, American Whig Party, American Whig Party, 9293; McCormick, 9293; McCormick, Presidential Game, Presidential Game, 175. 175.

13. Clay to Clayton, June 14, 1838, Clay to Mangum, May 31, 1838, Clay to Clayton, June 14, 1838, Clay to Mangum, May 31, 1838, HCP HCP 9:204, 194. 9:204, 194.

14. Clay to Porter, February 5, 1839, ibid., 9:276. Clay to Porter, February 5, 1839, ibid., 9:276.

15. Webster to Curtis, June 12, 1839, Webster to Healy, June 12, 1838, "To the People of Massachusetts," Webster, Webster to Curtis, June 12, 1839, Webster to Healy, June 12, 1838, "To the People of Massachusetts," Webster, Papers, Papers, 4:36870. 4:36870.

16. Clay to Prentice, August 14, 1837, Clay to Prentice, August 14, 1837, HCP HCP 9:69. 9:69.

17. Webb to Clay, December 15, 1837, ibid., 9:106. Webb to Clay, December 15, 1837, ibid., 9:106.

18. Preston to Mangum, October 4, 1838, Mangum, Preston to Mangum, October 4, 1838, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 2:510. 2:510.

19. Bell to Clay, May 21, 1839, Bell to Clay, May 21, 1839, HCP HCP 9:317; Jones to Mangum, December 22, 1837, Mangum, 9:317; Jones to Mangum, December 22, 1837, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 2:513. 2:513.

20. Clay to Curtis, October 25, 1837, Clay to Lyman, November 22, 1837, Clay to Tallmadge, January 1838, Clay to Brooke, January 13, 1838, Clay to Curtis, October 25, 1837, Clay to Lyman, November 22, 1837, Clay to Tallmadge, January 1838, Clay to Brooke, January 13, 1838, HCP HCP 9:88, 93, 117, 130; Crittenden to Beatty, January 20, 1838, John Jordan Crittenden Papers, Filson. 9:88, 93, 117, 130; Crittenden to Beatty, January 20, 1838, John Jordan Crittenden Papers, Filson.

21. Calhoun to Burt, December 24, 1838, Calhoun, Calhoun to Burt, December 24, 1838, Calhoun, Papers, Papers, 9:498. 9:498.

22. Clay to Brooke, October 9, 1838, Clay to Rayner, June 2, 1839, Clay to Brooke, October 9, 1838, Clay to Rayner, June 2, 1839, HCP HCP 9:239, 323; Clay to Tucker, October 10, 1839, Lyon Tyler, 9:239, 323; Clay to Tucker, October 10, 1839, Lyon Tyler, The Letters and Times of the Tylers, The Letters and Times of the Tylers, 3 volumes (Richmond, VA: Whittet & Shepperson, 1884), 1:6012; Everett to Webster, July 26, 1839, Webster, 3 volumes (Richmond, VA: Whittet & Shepperson, 1884), 1:6012; Everett to Webster, July 26, 1839, Webster, Papers, Papers, 4:382. 4:382.

23. Edgefield Edgefield Advertiser, Advertiser, November 16, 1837; Holt, November 16, 1837; Holt, American Whig Party, American Whig Party, 93. 93.

24. Cong. Globe, Cong. Globe, 25 Cong., 2 sess., 55; Charles M. Wiltse, 25 Cong., 2 sess., 55; Charles M. Wiltse, John C. Calhoun: Nullifier, John C. Calhoun: Nullifier, 18291839 (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1949), 37273. 18291839 (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1949), 37273.

25. Clay to Brooke, January 13, 1838, Clay to Brooke, January 13, 1838, HCP HCP 9:129; Preston to Tyler, December 30, 1837, Tyler, 9:129; Preston to Tyler, December 30, 1837, Tyler, Letters and Times of the Tylers, Letters and Times of the Tylers, 1:586. 1:586.

26. Henry B. Stanton, Henry B. Stanton, Random Recollections Random Recollections (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1887), 152. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1887), 152.

27. Cong. Globe, Cong. Globe, 25 Cong., 2 sess., Appendix, 60. 25 Cong., 2 sess., Appendix, 60.

28. Cong. Globe, Cong. Globe, 25 Cong., 2 sess., 34; see also Van Deburg, "Henry Clay, the Right of Petition," 13941; see Calhoun's remarks on May 6, 1812, regarding the right to petition, 25 Cong., 2 sess., 34; see also Van Deburg, "Henry Clay, the Right of Petition," 13941; see Calhoun's remarks on May 6, 1812, regarding the right to petition, AC, AC, 12 Cong., 1 sess., 1395. 12 Cong., 1 sess., 1395.

29. Cong. Globe, Cong. Globe, 25 Cong., 2 sess., Appendix, 61419; Clay to Clay, February 23, 1838, 25 Cong., 2 sess., Appendix, 61419; Clay to Clay, February 23, 1838, HCP HCP 9:150; Preston to Mangum, March 28, 1838, Mangum, 9:150; Preston to Mangum, March 28, 1838, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 2:517. 2:517.

30. Nathan Sargent, Nathan Sargent, Public Men and Events from the Commencement of Mr. Monroe's Administration, in 1817, to the Close of Mr. Fillmore's Administration, in 1833 Public Men and Events from the Commencement of Mr. Monroe's Administration, in 1817, to the Close of Mr. Fillmore's Administration, in 1833, 2 volumes (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1875), 2:39; see Cong. Globe, Cong. Globe, 25 Cong., 2 sess., 17681, for all of Calhoun's remarks. 25 Cong., 2 sess., 17681, for all of Calhoun's remarks.

31. Cong. Globe, Cong. Globe, 25 Cong., 2 sess., Appendix, 24360; Preston to Mangum, March 28, 1838, Mangum, 25 Cong., 2 sess., Appendix, 24360; Preston to Mangum, March 28, 1838, Mangum, Papers, Papers, 2:517; see also Benton, 2:517; see also Benton, Thirty Years' View, Thirty Years' View, 2:98. 2:98.

32. Clay to Biddle, February 20, 1838, Clay to Biddle, February 20, 1838, HCP HCP 9:149; Cole, 9:149; Cole, Van Buren, Van Buren, 333; Remini, 333; Remini, Clay, Clay, 517; Bartlett, 517; Bartlett, Calhoun, Calhoun, 248. 248.

33. Clay to Otis, June 26, 1838, Clay to Otis, June 26, 1838, HCP HCP 9:208. 9:208.

34. Seager, "Politics of Compromise," 2. Seager, "Politics of Compromise," 2.

35. Clay to Erwin, April 26, 1837, Account and Receipts, Clay to Clay, May 21, 1838, Clay to Erwin, April 26, 1837, Account and Receipts, Clay to Clay, May 21, 1838, HCP, HCP, 9:42, 52, 187. 9:42, 52, 187.