Reference to Phoebus Apollo, G.o.d of the sun in Greek mythology.

35.

In this case, the reference is to Apollo as a G.o.d a.s.sociated with such civilized arts as poetry and music.

36.

That is, "scorned," but also literally "horned": traditionally, the cuckolded husband grows horns.

37.

Isaac de Benserade (1613-1691), a precious poet.

38.

Antoine Girard, sieur de Saint-Amant (1594-1661), a poet and satirist. Jean Chapelain (1595-1674), literary critic and poet.

39.

Honore d'Urfe (1567-1625) was author of the pastoral novel L'Astree, L'Astree, in which the heroes are handsome and n.o.ble shepherds; he was the object of an early essay by Rostand. in which the heroes are handsome and n.o.ble shepherds; he was the object of an early essay by Rostand.

40.

"Sandious," along with such terms as "Mille dious!" "Mille dious!" and and "Capdedious!" "Capdedious!" and and "Pocapdedious!," "Pocapdedious!," just below, are attempts to render the colorfully emotive language of the Gascons. just below, are attempts to render the colorfully emotive language of the Gascons.

41.

District of central Paris.

42.

In addition to being physician to the king, Theophraste Renaudot (1586-1653) founded the Gazette, Gazette, one of the first newspapers. one of the first newspapers.

43.

Cyrano de Bergerac in fact wrote a tragedy, La Mort d'Agrippine (The Death of Agrippine), La Mort d'Agrippine (The Death of Agrippine), performed in 1654 at the Hotel de Bourgogne. performed in 1654 at the Hotel de Bourgogne.

44.

Literally, the hide of an enemy general killed by the opposing general (Latin); figuratively, rich booty or spoils gained in battle.

45.

Hero of the novel of the same name by Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616). Don Quixote is an idealist who, among other exploits, fights windmills, believing them to be his enemies.

46.

Leguminous herb, used medicinally.

47.

A humorous reference, since Sercy was Cyrano de Bergerac's editor.

48.

The reference is to the Mercure francais, Mercure francais, a literary review founded in 1611 that molded French aesthetic taste. a literary review founded in 1611 that molded French aesthetic taste.

49.

A precieuse, someone who is extremely refined and follows the behavior known as preciosity; see note on p. 12 and discussion in the Introduction.

50.

The reference is to the Carte du Tendre (Map of Tenderness) , Carte du Tendre (Map of Tenderness) , a map that plotted in allegorical fashion the stations of love and the torturous path leading to it. a map that plotted in allegorical fashion the stations of love and the torturous path leading to it.

51.

Large, double-necked lutes. Pierre Ga.s.sendi (1592-1655) was a philosopher and libertine, under whom Cyrano de Bergerac studied.

52.

Informal, endearing name for de Guiche, whose full name was Antoine de Gramont, duc de Guiche.

53.

Diogenes the Cynic (413-323 B.C.), a Greek philosopher, was seen in broad daylight in the marketplace in Athens, carrying a lantern; "I am looking for an honest man," he said, when questioned.

54.