ORANGE-FLOWER WATER; AQUA AURANTII FLORIS (B. P., Ph. L.), A. FLORUM AURANTII, L. "Water distilled from the flowers of _Citrus Bigaradia_, Risso, and _Citrus Aurantium_, D. C." (Ph. L.) Orange flowers, 10 lbs.; proof spirit, 7 fl. oz. (Ph. L. 1836.)

ORANGE-PEEL WATER; AQUA CORTICIS AURANTII (L. 1746). Rind of oranges, 5 oz.

ORIGANUM WATER; AQUA ORIGANI (P. Cod.), L. Dried flowers, 3 lbs.

PEACH WATER; AQUA PERSICae (P. Cod.), L. Fresh leaves, chopped small, 12 lbs.; as CHERRY-LAUREL WATER.

PEACH-LEAF WATER; AQUA PERSICae (P. Cod.). Fresh peach leaves, cut small, 2 lbs.; water, 4 lbs. Distil gently 3 lbs.

PARSLEY-SEED WATER; AQUA PETROSELINI (P. Cod.). From parsley seed, as angelica water.

PENNYROYAL WATER; AQUA PULEGII (Ph. L. & E.), AQUA MENTHae PULEGII (Ph.

D.), L. As MINT WATER (_above_).

PEPPERMINT WATER; AQUA MENTHae PIPERITae (B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.), L. As MINT WATER (_above_).

PIMENTO WATER; AQUA PIMENTae: (B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.). L. 1. Pimento, bruised, 1 lb.; or oil, 2 fl. dr.--2. (B. P.) Pimento, bruised, 1; water, 23, nearly; distil one half.

PLANTAIN-LEAF WATER; AQUA PLANTAGINIS (P. Cod.). From fresh plantain leaves, as lettuce water.

RASPBERRY WATER. Fresh raspberries, 6 lbs.

RED-ANT WATER; AQUA FORMICARUM. Distilled from red ants with water, q. s.

RHODIUM WATER; AQUA RHODII. Rhodium wood, 1 part; water, 8; macerate, and distil 4 parts.

ROSEMARY WATER; AQUA ROSMARINI, AQUA ANTHOS. Rosemary, in flower, 1 lb.; infuse 24 hours; distil 1 gall.

ROSE WATER; AQUA ROSae (B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.), L. Damask or hundred-leaved rose, 10 lbs. (Ph. L. & E.).--Otto 40 drops. (Ph.

D.)--Fresh cabbage-rose petals, 1; water, 2; distil 1 (B. P.).

RUE WATER; AQUA RUTae. Fresh rue, 1 lb.; macerate 24 hours; distil 1 gall.

SAGE WATER; AQUA SALVIae (P. Cod.), L. As LAVENDER WATER (_above_).

Sa.s.sAFRAS WATER; AQUA LIGNI Sa.s.sAFRAS (P. Cod.), L. Sa.s.safras chips, 3 lbs.

Sa.s.sAFRAS WATER; AQUA Sa.s.sAFRAS (P. Cod.). From sa.s.safras, as melilot water.

SCURVY-GRa.s.s WATER; AQUA COCHLEARIae (P. Cod.). Fresh scurvy gra.s.s, 8 lbs.

SPEARMINT WATER. See MINT WATER.

SPIRITUOUS WATERS. Many of the distilled spirits were formerly termed waters.

SPRUCE FIR WATER; AQUA ABIRTIS (P. Cod.). Bruised buds of spruce fir, 2 lbs.

STINKING GOOSE-FOOT WATER; AQUA CHENOPODII VALVARIae. Stinking goose-foot, 1 lb.; water, 6 lbs.; distil 3 lbs.; 1 to 2 oz. in hysteria.

STRAWBERRY WATER; AQUA FRAGARIae. Strawberries, 3 lbs.; water, q. s.; distil 3 lbs.

TANSY WATER; AQUA TANACETI (P. Cod.), L. Flowering tops, 6 lbs.

THYME WATER; AQUA THYMI (P. Cod.), L. As the last.

VALERIAN WATER; AQUA VALERIANae, A. RADICIS V. (P. Cod.), L. Root bruised, 3 lbs.

VANILLA WATER; AQUA VANILLae, L. Vanilla, coa.r.s.ely powdered, 1 lb.; salt, 5 lbs.; water 2-1/2 galls.; macerate for 24 hours in a covered vessel, then distil 1 gall.

VIOLET WATER; AQUA VIOLae. Violets, 1 part; water, 4; after 6 hours distil 2 parts.

WORMWOOD WATER; AQUA ABSINTHII (P. Cod.). Wormwood tops, 4 lbs.

_Uses, &c._ Distilled waters are mostly employed as vehicles or perfumes.

A few, as bitter-almond, cherry-laurel, and peach water, are poisonous in doses larger than a few drops. The dose of the aromatic or carminative waters, as those of dill, caraway, peppermint, pennyroyal, &c., is a wine-gla.s.sful, _ad libitum_.

_Concluding Remarks._ In the preparation of distilled waters for medical purposes the utmost care should be taken to prevent contamination from contact with either copper, lead, or zinc, since these metals are gradually oxidised and dissolved by them. In preparing them from the essential oils, silica, in impalpable powder, is the best substance that can be employed to promote the division and diffusion of the oil, as directed in the Ph. L. Magnesia and sugar, formerly used for the purpose, are objectionable; as the first not; only decomposes a portion of the oil, but the water is apt to dissolve a little of it, and is hence rendered unfit to be used as a solvent for metallic salts, more especially for corrosive sublimate and nitrate of silver; whilst the other causes the water to ferment and acetify.

In the distillation of waters intended for perfumery the utmost care is requisite to produce a highly fragrant article. The still should be furnished with a high and narrow neck, and the heat of steam, or a salt-water bath, should alone be employed. The first 2 or 3 fl. oz. of the runnings should be rejected, except when spirit is used, and the remainder collected until the proper quant.i.ty be obtained, when the whole product should be mixed together, as distilled waters progressively decrease in strength the longer the process is continued. When a very superior article is desired, the waters may be redistilled by a gentle heat, the first two thirds only being preserved. The herbaceous odour of recently distilled waters is removed by keeping them for some months, loosely covered in a cold cellar.

When distilled waters have been carefully prepared, so that none of the liquor in the still has 'spirted' over into the condensing worm, they keep well, and are not liable to change; but when the reverse is the case, they frequently become ropy and viscid. The best remedy for this is to redistil them. Waters which have acquired a burnt smell in the 'stilling' lose it by freezing. Distilled waters may be prevented from turning sour by adding a little calcined magnesia to them, and those which have begun to spoil may be recovered by adding 1 gr. each of borax and alum to the pint.

The doctoring is not, however, to be recommended, and should never be adopted for those used in medicine. A drop of solution of terchloride of gold added to these waters shows whether they contain any uncombined essential oil, by forming, in that case, a fine metallic film on the surface. After distilled waters have acquired their full odour, they should be carefully preserved in well-stopped bottles. Such houses keep a separate still for each of the more delicate perfumed waters, as it is extremely difficult to remove any odour that adheres to the body of the still and worm. The addition of the small quant.i.ty of spirit ordered in the Ph. E. and Ph. L. 1836, in the preparation of their waters, in no way tends to promote their preservation.

In general, the druggist draws off 2 galls., or more, of water from the quant.i.ties of the herbs, barks, seeds, or flowers, ordered in the Pharmacopias; hence the inferior quality of the waters of the shops. They do, however, very well for vehicles. The perfumers, on the contrary, use an excess of flowers, or at least reserve only the first and stronger portion of the water that distils over, the remainder being collected and used for a second distillation of fresh flowers.

The most beautiful distilled waters are those prepared in the south of France, and which are imported into England under the French names. Thus eau de rose, eau de fleurs d'oranges, &c., are immensely superior to the best English rose or orange-flower water, &c. The water that distils over in the preparation of the essential oils is usually of the strongest and finest cla.s.s. See ESSENCE, OILS (Volatile), SPIRITS (Perfumed), VEGETABLES, &c.

=WATERS (Eye).= _Syn._ COLLYRIA, L. _Prep._ 1. From distilled vinegar, 1 fl. oz.; distilled water 1/2 pint. Half a fl. oz. of rectified spirit, or 1 fl. oz. of brandy, is often added. In simple chronic ophthalmia, blear eyes, &c., also to remove particles of lime from the eyes.

2. Sugar of lead, 10 gr.; pure vinegar, 1/2 teaspoonful; distilled water, 1/2 pint. In ophthalmia, as soon as active inflammation ceases; also as the last.

3. Wine of opium, 2 fl. dr.; sulphate of zinc, 20 gr.; distilled water, 1/2 pint. Astringent and anodyne; in painful ophthalmia and extreme irritability.

4. Opium, 15 gr.; boiling water, 8 fl. oz.; when cold, add of solution of acetate of ammonia, 2-1/2 fl. oz., and filter. As the last.

5. Sulphate of zinc, 20 gr.; distilled water, 1/2 pint; dissolve. Au excellent astringent water in chronic ophthalmia, weak and irritable, eyes, &c.

6. Sulphate of copper, 10 gr.; camphor mixture (julep), 1/2 pint; dissolve. In the purulent ophthalmia of infants.

I. TABLE _exhibiting the Composition of several of the more celebrated_ MINERAL WATERS.

16 fl. oz. in the following Ingredients:--

+---------------+--------+---------+-------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------

Nitrogen

Carbonic

Sulphuretted

Carbonate

Carbonate

Carbonate

Sulphate

Sulphate

in cubic

anhydride

hydrogen in

of

of

of

of

of mag-

WATERS.

inches.

in

cubic inches.

sodium

magnesium

calcium

sodium

nesium in

cubic

in

in

in

in

grains.

inches.

grains.

grains.

grains.

grains.

+---------------+--------+---------+-------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------

CARBONATED.

Seltzer

17

4

5

3

Pyrmont

26

10

45

55

Spa

13

15

45

15

Carlsbad

5

5

15

85

Pouges

30

10

12

12

Saint Parize

22

05

115

+---------------+--------+---------+-------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------

CHALYBEATE.

Tunbridge

059

1

{trace }

003

Cheltenham

{ of }

Chalybeate

25

{oxygen}

05

227

6

Brighton

22

+---------------+--------+---------+-------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------

SALINE.

Seidlitz

25

08

180

Cheltenham

15

11

Pure Saline

Bristol

35

15

15

Buxton

02

13

Bath

12

08

15

Scarborough

a trace

20

Bareges

uncertain

25

ditto

Plombieres

22

03

23

Kilburn

35

854?

05

1

12

37

Leamington

New Bath

04

a trace

a trace

19

Leamington

Old Bath

03

ditto

75

7 +---------------+--------+---------+-------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------

SULPHUROUS.

Harrogate

08

1

23

07

25

13

Moffat

05

06

12

Aix-la-Chapelle

55

12

42

Cheltenham

Sulph. Spring

15

235

5 +---------------+--------+---------+-------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------

---------------+--------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+------------+

Sulphate

Chloride

Chloride

Chloride

Ferric

Silica.

Temper-

Total of

AUTHORITY.

of

of

of magne-

of calcium

Oxide.

ature.

saline

WATERS.

calcium

sodium

sium in

in

contents.

(Repeated.)

in

in

grains.

grains.

grains.

grains.

---------------+--------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+------------+

CARBONATED.

Seltzer

17

Cold

29

Bergman.

Pyrmont

85

15

06

ditto

306

Ditto.

Spa

02

06

ditto

83

Ditto.

Carlsbad

45

a trace

03

165

198

Klaproth.

Pouges

22

25

05

Cold

284

Ha.s.sentratz.

Saint Parize

135

ditto

25

Ditto.

---------------+--------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+------------+

CHALYBEATE.

Tunbridge

017

030

003

005

028

ditto

086

Scudamore.

Cheltenham

Parkes

Chalybeate

25

413

08

ditto

738

& Brande.

Brighton

4

3

075

14

014

ditto

929

Marcet.

---------------+--------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+------------+

SALINE.

Seidlitz

5

45

ditto

1928

Bergman.

Cheltenham

45

50

Parkes

Pure Saline

ditto

805

& Brande.

Bristol

15

05

1

74

6

Carrick.

Buxton

03

02

003

82

183

Pearson.

Bath

9

33

a trace

02

116

148

Phillips.

Scarborough

9

ditto

Cold

29

Saunders.

Bareges

a trace

05

120

3

Ditto.

Plombieres

15

03

?

66

Vanquelin.

Kilburn

55

25

55

02

a trace

Cold

642

Schmeisser.

Leamington

New Bath

14

53

15

08

ditto

883

Lambe.

Leamington

Old Bath

18

41

ditto

735

Ditto.

---------------+--------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+------------+

SULPHUROUS.

Harrogate

77

11

15

ditto

94

Garnet.

Moffat

45

ditto

45

Ditto.

Aix-la-Chapelle

5

143

212

Bergman.

Cheltenham

Parkes

Sulph. Spring

12

35

03

Cold

65

& Brande.

---------------+--------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+------------+

II. TABLE _exhibiting the Composition of the princ.i.p.al_ MINERAL WATERS of GERMANY, _and of the_ SARATOGA CONGRESS SPRING _of_ AMERICA, _re-arranged expressly for this work._