[21] Isidorus Pelusiota, Epp., p. 138; ed. J. Billius (Paris; 1585).

[22] See Arn.o.bius, loc. cit.

[23] Sidonius Apollinaris, Epp., viii. 3. Also Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grca, pp. 549, 565 (ed. Harles). The work of Sidonius on Apollonius is unfortunately lost.

[24] _Amplissimus ille philosophus_ (xxiii. 7). See also xxi.

14; xxiii. 19.

[25] t? ?e?? te ?a? ?????p?? ?s??, meaning thereby presumably one who has reached the grade of being superior to man, but not yet equal to the G.o.ds. This was called by the Greeks the dmonian order. But the word dmon, owing to sectarian bitterness, has long been degraded from its former high estate, and the original idea is now signified in popular language by the term angel. Compare Plato, Symposium, xxiii., p?? t?

da?????? eta?? ?st? ?e?? te ?a? ???t??, all that is dmonian is between G.o.d and man.

[26] Eunapius, Vit Philosophorum, Promium, vi.; ed.

Boissonade (Amsterdam; 1822), p. 3.

[27] Rville, Apollonius of Tyana (tr. from the French), p. 56 (London; 1866). I have, however, not been able to discover on what authority this statement is made.

[28] _Insignis philosophus_; see his Chronicon, written down to the year 519.

[29] In his Chronographia. See Legrand dAussy, op. cit., p.

313.

[30] Chiliades, ii. 60.

[31] Cited by Legrand dAussy, op. cit., p. 286.

[32] f???s?f?? ???a???e??? st???e??at????--Cedrenus, Compendium Historiarium, i. 346; ed. Bekker. The word which I have rendered by adept signifies one who has power over the elements.

[33] Legrand dAussy, op. cit., p. 308.

[34] If we except the disputed Letters and a few quotations from one of Apollonius lost writings.

[35] Philostratus de Vita Apollonii Tyanei Libri Octo, tr. by A. Rinuccinus, and Eusebius contra Hieroclem, tr. by Z.

Acciolus (Venice; 1501-04, fol.). Rinuccis translation was improved by Beroaldus and printed at Lyons (1504?), and again at Cologne, 1534.

[36] F. Baldelli, Filostrato Lemnio della Vita di Apollonio Tianeo (Florence; 1549, 8vo).

[37] B. de Vignre, Philostrate de la Vie dApollonius (Paris; 1596, 1599, 1611). Blaise de Vignres translation was subsequently corrected by Frdric Morel and later by Thomas Artus, Sieur dEmbry, with bombastic notes in which he bitterly attacks the wonder-workings of Apollonius. A French translation was also made by Th. Sibilet about 1560, but never published; the MS. was in the Bibliothque Imperiale. See Miller, Journal des Savants, 1849, p. 625, quoted by Cha.s.sang, op. infr. cit., p. iv.

[38] F. Morellus, Philostrati Lemnii Opera, Gr. and Lat.

(Paris; 1608).

[39] G. Olearius, Philostratorum qu supersunt Omnia, Gr. and Lat. (Leipzig; 1709).

[40] C. L. Kayser, Flavii Philostrati qu supersunt, etc.

(Zurich; 1844, 4to). In 1849 A. Westermann also edited a text, Philostratorum et Callistrati Opera, in Didots Scriptorum Grcorum Bibliotheca (Paris; 1849, 8vo). But Kayser brought out a new edition in 1853 (?), and again a third, with additional information in the Preface, in the Bibliotheca Teubneriana (Leipzig; 1870).

[41] For a general summary of opinions prior to 1807, of writers who mention Apollonius incidentally, see Legrand dAussy, op. cit., ii. pp. 313-327.

[42] LHistoire dApollone de Tyane convaincue de Fausset et dImposture (Paris; 1705).

[43] An Account of the Life of Apollonius Tyaneus (London; 1702), tr. out of the French, from vol. ii. of Lenain de Tillemonts Histoire des Empereurs (2nd ed., Paris; 1720): to which is added Some Observations upon Apollonius. De Tillemonts view is that Apollonius was sent by the Devil to destroy the work of the Saviour.

[44] A Critical and Historical Discourse upon the Method of the Princ.i.p.al Authors who wrote for and against Christianity from its Beginning (London; 1739), tr. from the French of M. lAbb Houtteville; to which is added a Dessertation on the Life of Apollonius Tya.n.u.s, with some Observations on the Platonists of the Latter School, pp. 213-254.

[45] Anti-Hierocles oder Jesus Christus und Apollonius von Tyana in ihrer grossen Ungleichheit, dargestellt v. J. B.

Lderwald (Halle; 1793).

[46] Phileleutherus Helvetius, De Miraculis qu Pythagor, Apollonio Tyanensi, Francisco Asisio, Dominico, et Ignatio Lojol tribuuntur Libellus (Draci; 1734).

[47] See Legrand dAussy, op. cit., ii. p. 314, where the texts are given.

[48] The Two First Books of Philostratus concerning the Life of Apollonius Tyaneus (London; 1680, fol.). Blounts notes (generally ascribed to Lord Herbert) raised such an outcry that the book was condemned in 1693, and few copies are in existence. Blounts notes were, however, translated into French a century later, in the days of Encyclopdism, and appended to a French version of the Vita, under the t.i.tle, Vie dApollonius de Tyane par Philostrate avec les Commentaires donns en Anglois par Charles Blount sur les deux Premiers Livres de cet Ouvrage (Amsterdam; 1779, 4 vols., 8vo), with an ironical dedication to Pope Clement XIV., signed Philalethes.

[49] Philosophiam Practicam Apollonii Tyani in Sciagraphia, exponit M. Io. Christia.n.u.s Herzog (Leipzig; 1709); an academical oration of 20 pp.

[50] Philostratus is a difficult author to translate, nevertheless Cha.s.sang and Baltzer have succeeded very well with him; Berwick also is readable, but in most places gives us a paraphrase rather than a translation and frequently mistakes the meaning. Cha.s.sangs and Baltzers are by far the best translations.

[51] This would have at least restored Apollonius to his natural environment, and confined the question of the divinity of Jesus to its proper Judo-Christian ground.

[52] I am unable to offer any opinion on Nielsens book, from ignorance of Danish, but it has all the appearance of a careful, scholarly treatise with abundance of references.

[53] Rvilles Pagan Christ is quite a misrepresentation of the subject, and Newmans treatment of the matter renders his treatise an anachronism for the twentieth century.

[54] Consisting of eight books written in Greek under the general t.i.tle ?? ?? t?? ??a??a ?p????????.

[55] ? f???s?f??, see art. Philostratus in Smiths Dict. of Gr. and Rom. Biog. (London; 1870), iii. 327_b._

[56] The italics are Gibbons.

[57] More correctly Domna Julia; Domna being not a shortened form of Domina, but the Syrian name of the empress.

[58] She died A.D. 217.

[59] The contrary is held by other historians.

[60] Gibbons Decline and Fall, I. vi

[61] I use the 1846 and 1870 editions of Kaysers text throughout.

[62] A collection of these letters (but not all of them) had been in the possession of the Emperor Hadrian (A.D. 117-138), and had been left in his palace at Antium (viii. 20). This proves the great fame that Apollonius enjoyed shortly after his disappearance from history, and while he was still a living memory. It is to be noticed that Hadrian was an enlightened ruler, a great traveller, a lover of religion, and an initiate of the Eleusinian Mysteries.

[63] Nineveh.

[64] t?? d??t???, writing tablets. This suggests that the account of Damis could not have been very voluminous, although Philostratus further on a.s.serts its detailed nature (i. 19).

[65] One of the imperial secretaries of the time, who was famous for his eloquence, and tutor to Apollonius.

[66] A town not far from Tarsus.