CHAPTER SEVEN: Questions of Honor.

10910: honor as central to Kurdish society: King, "When Worlds Collide," pp. 22431; Nazaneen Rashid, paper presented at Department for International Development conference on "Violence Against Women in Iraqi Kurdistan," Oct. 18, 2002. Available from www.kurdmedia.com/reports.asp?id=1103; David Morgan, "Honor Killings in Iraqi Kurdistan: Seminar Report," Aug. 9, 2000. Available from www.kurdishmedia.com/ reports.asp?id=9; and Sheri Laizer, Martyrs, Traitors and Patriots: Kurdistan After the Gulf War, pp. 16169.

111: In "Matriarchy in Kurdistan? Women Rulers in Kurdish History," International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6, 1993, Martin van Bruinessen argues that Kurdish women acquire leadership roles in Kurdish society only through high birth or marriage. 114: Iraqi-Turkish oil trade: New York Times, Nov. 29, 2002; and interview with Nesreen Mustafa Siddeek Berwari, minister of Reconstruction and Development, April 2002.

115: "Fearing death I roam the steppe": as translated in Richard F. Nyrop, Iraq: A Country Study, p. 12.

11617: Zembil Firosh tale: as related by van Bruinessen in "Matriarchy in Kurdistan?" p. 35, from A. Gernas, "Zerbilfiros," Roja Nu 33, 1992, pp. 1014.

117: "basic paradox of folklore": William R. Bascom, "Four Functions of Folklore," Journal of American Folklore, 67 (1954), p. 349; as cited by Michael Lewisohn Chyet, " 'And a Thornbush Sprang Up Between Them': Studies on Mem u Zin, A Kurdish Romance," Ph.D. dissertation, p. 363.

CHAPTER EIGHT: The Cult of the Angels.

121: "cult of the angels": Izady, The Kurds, p. 137 and following.

123: political meaning of "original Kurds": Ibid., p. 136; and Christine Allison in Philip G. Kreyenbroek and Christine Allison, Kurdish Culture, p. 36.

140: "the enemy within": McDowall, A Modern History, p. 411, citing Turkish sources.

14041: Sivas ma.s.sacre: Hugh and Nicole Pope, Turkey Unveiled: A History of Modern Turkey, pp. 32425.

CHAPTER NINE: From Kings to Parliamentarians.

144: Turkish students arrested: Kurdish Human Rights Project, The Trial of Students, p. 5.

14950: Turcoman population and boycott of elections: "War in Iraq: What's Next for the Kurds?" p. 6.

15657: oil-for-food program statistics: Kurdistan Regional Government. Available from www.krg.org/986; United Nations' Office of the Iraq Program. Available from www.un. org/depts/oip. Official U.N. sum for unspent funds: New York Times, July 14, 2003, U.N. Letter to the Editor.

CHAPTER TEN: Invitations.

16465: Balisan attack: Human Rights Watch/Middle East, Iraq's Crime of Genocide, pp. 3847.

165: death of Muhammad Jamil Rozhbayani: April 16, 2001, letter from Coalition for Justice in Iraq to Mary Robinson, U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights. Available from www.krg.org/newsletters/20010419184439.htm#11.

166: oil production in Kirkuk: "War in Iraq: What's Next for the Kurds?" pp. 1, 19.

166: "Arabization" statistics: Human Rights Watch, "Iraq: Forcible Expulsion of Ethnic Minorities," pp. 3, 11. Available from www.hrw.org/reports.

174: Erbil folksong: as quoted in Ralph S. Solecki, Shanidar: The First Flower People, p. 154.

CHAPTER ELEVEN: Along the Hamilton Road, with Side Trips.

177: "roads essential for law and order": A. M. Hamilton, Road Through Kurdistan, p. 73.

178: spring in Gali Ali Beg: Ibid., p. 5859.

18283: Simko's violent history: Randal, After Such Knowledge, p. 328.

18384: land mine statistics: interview with Mines Advisory Group, May 2002; Iraqi Kurdistan Dispatch, July 2002.

18687: "marched for fifty-two days": cited in Gunter, The Kurds and the Future, p. 10, from Dana Schmidt, Journey Among Brave Men, pp. 10910.

188: "betrayed the country": cited in Human Rights Watch/Middle East, Iraq's Crime of Genocide, p. 27, from Al-Iraq, Sept. 13, 1983.

189: Qushtapa as encouragement to use same techniques again: Ibid., p. 4. 190: "finding of flowers": Solecki, Shanidar, p. 250.

CHAPTER TWELVE: In the Land of the Babans.

202: 80 percent of books in Sorani: Randal, After Such Knowledge, p. 24.

202: "The Baban Land": C. J. Edmonds, Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: Politics, Travel and Research in Northern-Eastern Iraq, pp. 5758.

206: a.s.sault on Central Security Headquarters: Randal, After Such Knowledge, p. 40.

208: sherim: King, "When Worlds Collide," pp. 20304.

209: ambush of Ali Askari: McDowall, A Modern History, pp. 34445.

211: Goptaka attack: Iraq's Crime of Genocide, p. 11720.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Judgment Day.

217: "on the threshing floor . . .": Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 9, p. 218.

219: Adela Khanoum, "of pure Kurdish origin": Soane, To Mesopotamia, p. 226; van Bruinessen, "Matriarchy in Kurdistan?" p. 27.

22223: for more details on the chemical bombing and Halabja Post-Graduate Medical Inst.i.tute, see Washington Kurdish Inst.i.tute website, homepage at www.kurd.org.

227: names of chemical companies released: New York Times, Dec. 21, 2002.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Safe Havens.

229: "hors.e.m.e.n came galloping": Soane, To Mesopotamia, p. 173.

231: Piramerd poem: Edmonds, Kurds, Turks, and Arabs, p. 45.

24445: reasons and estimated number of honor killings: Morgan, "Honor Killings in Iraqi Kurdistan"; Rashid, paper, Department for International Development. See note for p. 109.

CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Syrian Interlude.

252: not an attractive town: Agatha Christie Mallowan, Come, Tell Me How You Live, p. 57.

253: Syrian help crucial to PKK: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 479.

253: growing Syrian Kurdish anger toward PKK: Ibid., p. 479.

256: "sitting at a distance separately": cited by Vera Beaudin Saeedpour in "The Legacy of Saladin," The International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1999, p. 55.

CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Of Politics and Poetry.

261: "a nation apart": McDowall, A Modern History, p. 53, from Parliamentary Papers, Turkey No. 5 (1881).

265: "no longer . . . a tribal society": A. R. Gha.s.semlou, in Chaliand, People Without a Country, p. 97.

266: urban-rural breakdown: no census figure exists. One 1993 report estimated that the five western provinces of Iran, including the Kurdish provinces, were only 47 percent urban (Kooli-Kameli, Farideh, The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran, p. 138), but many Kurds I met used the two-thirds figure.

269: no Kurdish governors or ministers: President Khatami appointed a Kurd, Abd Allah Ramazanzadeh, as governor general of Kurdistan province after his election in 1997, but Ramazanzadeh was later removed from office.

276: "City of Death": Isabella Bird, Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, Vol. 2, p. 206.

27677: Khadje and Siyabend tale: as related by Bois, The Kurds, pp. 6566.

280: Hemin poem: as translated on the Kurdistan Democratic Party-Ankara website. Available from www.kdp-ankara.org.tr/literature.htm.

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Land of Lions.

284: "settling accounts": Rich, Narrative of a Residence, pp. 21112, 245.

28485: "avenues of poplars": Ibid., pp. 199200.

287: "arrested and shot": Ciment, The Kurds, p. 70 287: ten thousand dead by 1981: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 262, citing Daily Telegraph, Feb. 11, 1981.

287: 27,500 dead by 1984: David McDowall, The Kurds: A Nation Denied, p. 77.

291: "city impresses": Bird, Vol. 1, pp. 1012.

292: interpretation of Farhad and Shirin tale: Izady, The Kurds, p. 189.

293: Iran 94 percent Shiite: Human Rights Watch estimates Iran to be about 80 percent Shiite, 20 percent Sunni.

294: slum conditions possibly leading to ferment: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 279.