Saiho-ji: temple in Kyoto and site of early Zen landscape garden.

Sakyamuni: the Buddha, "sage of the Sakyas."

_samurai_: j.a.panese warriors, who were the first converts to Zen.

Sanskrit: original language of much Buddhist literature.

_sarugaku_: theatrical form which was forerunner of the No. _sashimi_: raw fish.

_satori_: Zen term for enlightenment.

Sen no Rikyu (1521-1591): proponent of wabi aesthetics who

strongly influenced the evolution of the tea ceremony.

_seppuku_: ritual suicide.

Sesshu Toyo (1420-1506): greatest j.a.panese Zen painter.

Seto: site of j.a.panese pottery production.

Shao-lin: Chinese monastery where Bodhidharma reportedly first

went to meditate.

Shen-hsiu (606-706): traditionally said to have been rival of Hui- neng at monastery of Fifth Patriarch and later much favored by Chinese ruling circles.

_shibui_: important tenn for later Zen aesthetics which means understated, simple good taste. shin: type of ink-painting technique.

_shincha_: type of tea.

_shinden_: Heian architectural stvle borrowed from China.

Shingon: esoteric sect of Buddhism introduced into j.a.pan by

Kukai in 808.

Shino: style of j.a.panese Zen-inspired ceramics.

Shinran (1173-1262): founder of the Jodo Shin sect in j.a.pan (1224).

Shinto: original j.a.panese belief svstem, which preceded Buddhism.

_s.h.i.te_: leading character of a No drama.

_shoin_: name of the writing desk in Ch'an monasteries, which gave

its name to the cla.s.sic style of the Zen-inspired j.a.panese house.

_shoji_: Rice-paper-covered latticework used as windows in the traditional j.a.panese house.

Shubun (fl. 1414-d. ca. 1463): painter-monk at Shokoku-ji in Kyoto.

Siddharta: the Buddha, so: technique of j.a.panese ink painting. So'ami (1472-1525): j.a.panese ink painter and garden artist. Sotan (1414-1481): Zen painter at Shokoku-ji, none of whose

works are definitely known to survive.

Soto: j.a.panese Zen sect emphasizing "gradual" enlightenment through _zazen_.

sukiya: later style of j.a.panese architecture which evolved from the shoin.

sumi: j.a.panese black ink.

_sutra_: works supposedly reporting discourses of the Buddha or his disciples.

Taira: warrior clan instrumental in ousting Heian aristocracy and

ending Heian era.

Takauji (1305-1358): founder of the Ashikaga shogunate.

Taoism: native Chinese belief system which influenced Ch'an philosophy.

Tatami: woven straw mats used for carpeting in the traditional j.a.panese house.

Tendai: sect of Chinese Buddhism introduced into j.a.pan by Saicho (806).

Tenryu-ji: important Zen temple in Kyoto and site of early Zen-

stvle landscape garden.

toko-bashira: decorative, unpainted tree trunk used in traditional

house as part of art alcove.

tokonoma: special art alcove in the j.a.panese house, which was

originally derived from the shrine in Chinese monasteries.

Tomi-ko: wife of Ashikaga Yoshimasa.

Toshiro: thirteenth-century potter who visited China and brought

back important Chinese ceramics technology.

_usucha_: a thin tea served as part of the tea ceremony. wabi: aesthetic term meaning a sense of deliberate poverty and naturalness.

_waka_: thirty-one-syllable j.a.panese verse popularized in the Heian era.

_waki_: supporting actor in the No drama.