"I wonder how much these natives here are going to get in the way of treaty money," said John, as he saw the commissioner again putting up his tent with the flag of his country above it. "There are a lot of canoes coming in from everywhere, so they say--fifty Cree boats from their camp. They tell me that the Crees and Chippewyans don't mix any too well. I think the Crees have got them scared when it comes to that."

"Well, these dogs have got me scared," complained Jesse. "I never saw so many dogs in all my life. And there isn't a cow anywhere in the world, nor even a goat or sheep."

"They have to have these dogs in the winter-time, you understand,"

said John, paternally. "They pull as much as a team of horses would in the snow."

"Yes, and they eat as much as a horse would," said Jesse. "The bacon for Fort Resolution was unloaded here last night, and the dogs ate up more than a ton of it; there's nothing left there except a lot of paper and pieces of canvas! I'll bet it's the first time these dogs here ever had a square meal in their lives!"

"I don't know about that," said Rob, laughing. "Look over yonder." He pointed to where an Indian woman sat on the ground, cleaning a lot of fish. Around her squatted a circle of gaunt, wolfish creatures which seemed ready to devour her and her fish alike.

Uncle d.i.c.k joined their group as they wandered around, and explained such things as they did not understand.

"This is one of the greatest posts of all the fur trade," said he. "It is the center, as you have learned, of a lot of the native tribes in this part of the world. It ships from here an enormous amount of fur which the traders collect. The independent traders are breaking in here now, but the natives learn to catch more and more fur, so it seems. I suppose in time it will be exterminated. Then the natives will go, too.

"Over yonder is a tombstone, but not any monument for Sir Alexander.

It tells about the life-history of an old factor who lived here for so long in this wilderness. It's all old, old, old--older almost than any city in the United States, or at least older than a great many of our considerable cities. But you would think this was at the beginning.

There are the natives, and there are the dogs, just as they were when Sir Alexander came through. Perhaps they didn't have so much calico then. Of course they didn't have repeating-rifles then, and surely not steel traps. But they talked the same language, and in my opinion they had about as much religion then as they have now."

"What's that boat out there with a sail on it?" demanded Rob, after a time, pointing to a small craft which was moored near by.

"Goodness only knows," replied Uncle d.i.c.k. "There are all sorts of fool adventurers in the world, and they take all sorts of fool chances. I have heard that there are a half-dozen prospectors in that schooner, going north, they don't know where nor why.

"Well, at least we can say we're in the North here," he added. "They get just nine mails a year at Chippewyan, about four mails in and the rest of them go out. In the summer-time mail service runs about once a month.

"They say they did have a horse in here two years ago, and that it ran off, and they did not find it for two years. They had a team at Fort McMurray, and it was lost, too. I wouldn't call this a good horse country myself! No, it's a fur country and an Indian country. That's why it's interesting to us, isn't it?"

"Well," said John, "we ought to get some pictures of the treaty payments to the Indians to show our folks back home how they live up here. I wish I had brought along twice as many rolls of film as I've got. I never get tired of making pictures of dogs and Indians."

"Well, when you are photographing Indians study Indians, too," said Uncle d.i.c.k. "Most people look at Indians just as an object of curiosity, but he may be quite a fellow, even so. For instance, there are these Crees sitting over there in the gra.s.s before the flag, waiting for their treaty money. They flock by themselves, quite distinct from the Chippewyans; they don't camp within three miles of each other. As you know, the Crees are of the Algonquin family. They have pushed west all the way from eastern Canada, following the fur trade. They have followed up the Red River and down the Athabasca, and they have overrun all the intervening tribes and elected themselves chiefs and bosses pretty much. You may call the Cree half-breed the mainstay of all the northern fur trade.

"But now," he added, "we are getting beyond the country even of the Crees. Here at Chippewyan is the farthest north of the Cree so far.

Now we are going to find a lot of other different tribes."

The boys pa.s.sed here and there along the rocky sh.o.r.e among the villages of the natives and among the stoutly built log houses of the fur-post itself. Here and there a woman was sitting in front of her tent, trying to operate one of the little cheap hand sewing-machines which had been brought on for the first time that year. In another tent strange sounds came which seemed familiar to the boys. They discovered that a proud family had purchased a cheap phonograph, and under the instruction of one of the clerks was proceeding to produce what is sometimes called melody. These things, however, did not interest the young adventurers so much as the more primitive scenes of the native life.

Here they saw a boatman fresh from his nets, with half a boat-load of fish still alive, throw out some of the live fish, among them a number of pickerel, or Great Northern Pike, to his dogs, which sat waiting on the sh.o.r.e for his arrival. A dog would seize a five-pound fish by the head, kill it, and eat it outright, bones and all.

"They never get enough to eat," said John. "They're hungry all the time."

"Well," said Jesse, laughing, "that's the same way with you, isn't it, John?"

"That's all right," said John, testily. "I'm growing, that's why I eat so much. But as for you, Jesse, you'd better keep away from these dogs. Do you know what I heard? It was old Colin Frazer, the fur-trader, told me. He said there was a child killed last winter out on the ice by dogs, and they ate it up, every bit. You see, it had on a caribou coat, and it was alone at the time. The dogs killed it and ate it. Sometimes they eat little dogs, too. They'll eat anything and never get enough. But I suppose they have to have dogs here the same as they have to have Indians, else they could have no fur trade."

"The old trader up at the post is mighty crusty, it seems to me,"

complained Jesse, after a time. "He won't let me go up in the fur-loft, where he keeps his silver-gray foxes and all that sort of thing, to make any pictures. What's the reason he won't?"

Rob smiled as he answered: "The Hudson's Bay Company is a big monopoly and it keeps its own secrets. You'll have to ask a good many questions before you find out much about its business. And if you should try to buy even one skin of an ermine or a marten or a fox or a mink in here, you couldn't do it. They wouldn't sell you anything at all. Perhaps some of the independent traders who are coming in might sell you some furs for yourself--at a very good price. But the old Company stands pat and runs its affairs the way it used to. It doesn't tell its secrets."

The boys stood, hands in pockets now, toward the close of their interesting day at Chippewyan, looking in silence at the squared logs of the whitewashed Company buildings. A certain respect came into their minds.

"It's old," said John, after a time. "They don't seem to rustle very much now, but they have done things--haven't they?"

VII

THE WILD PORTAGE

According to Rob's diary, it was on Friday, June 13th, that the steamer _Grahame_ left the ancient trading-post of Chippewyan on the rocky sh.o.r.es of Athabasca Lake. Rob also made the curious entry that as the boat left sh.o.r.e two ravens flew across its bow, and that the Indians and half-breeds were very much distressed over what they considered a bad omen. Uncle d.i.c.k and his two companions, Jesse and John, laughed with Rob at this, and, indeed, no ill fortune seemed to attend them.

By this time the great brigade had begun to thin and scatter. Several scows were unloaded and left at Chippewyan. Yet others were despatched for the post at the eastern side of the lake. The legal party and the Indian Commissioner now parted company with our travelers. But occasionally, as the steamer swept away from the high and bold sh.o.r.es on which the old trading-post lay, and pa.s.sed the vast marshes where the wild-fowl nest in millions every year, they found in the main current of the river scattered odds and ends of river traffic, now and then a brigade scow, or the shapeless boat of some prospector going north, he knew not how or where.

Continually, however, the impression of the deepening of the wilderness fell upon our party as they pushed on steadily down-stream between the low timbered banks of the river. John now noted on his map that this river, the outlet of Lake Athabasca, which received the combined floods of the Peace and the Athabasca, was known as the Slave River, or sometimes the Little Slave River.

As had been the Athabasca all the way down, this river was very much discolored and stained by the high waters of the spring.

"Now, young men," said Uncle d.i.c.k to his charges as they stood on the fore deck of the steamer in the hot sun of midafternoon, "you can say that you are getting into the real wilderness. It runs every way you can look--west, north, south, and east. From where we are now, draw a circle large as you like, and you will embrace in it thousands of miles of country which no man really knows. Trust not too much even in the Dominion maps. I'd rather trust John's map, here, because he doesn't have to guess."

"Well," said John, looking up from his own work with his papers, "it doesn't seem such a very wild trip now, traveling along on the steamboat. It might as well be along the Alaska sh.o.r.e, or even on the Hudson River--if the things we had to eat were better."

"Never you mind about all that," rejoined his uncle. "If you want to see wild work with a thrill to it, you shall have all you care for within the next few days. To-morrow we'll be at Smith's Landing, which marks the sixteen-mile portage of the Slave River. I suppose in there you'll see the wildest water in the world, so far as boating is concerned. I'll warrant you you'll think you are in the wilderness when you see the Ca.s.sette Falls and any of a hundred others between Smith's Landing and the Mountain Portage. I've been talking with the boat captain about those things."

Rob looked up from the book which he was reading. "It says," remarked he, "that Sir Alexander Mackenzie knew all this country as far down as the big portage here."

"Quite likely," replied Uncle d.i.c.k. "The truth is that all of this early exploration which comes down to us in history was perhaps not so difficult as it sounds. There is continual trading back and forward among the Indian tribes, even when they are hostile to one another. Sir Alexander no doubt heard from each of these various tribes all about their country as far north as the next tribe. Then that tribe in turn could give him advice and guidance. So he was pa.s.sed on, much as Lewis and Clark were, or Major Long, or Captain Pike, in our own explorations. Nearly all the time he had a native guide to tell him what he might expect on ahead.

"One thing sure," he added, "from all they tell me about the rapids of the Slave at Smith's Landing, he would have had a hard time if he had run directly into the big current at the head of the falls without any warning. But I suppose for hundreds of years the natives hereabouts have known about those falls, and naturally that would be the first thing they would tell any new man in the country."

It was seven o'clock in the evening of June 14th, at the end of a cold and dull day's travel, that the boys found themselves in the Big Eddy along the bank of the post known as Smith's Landing. This spot is directly above the Great Falls of the Slave River, and marks the place for unloading of the cargoes of the boats which must be portaged across the sixteen miles of land, or taken down by the hazardous pa.s.sage through the rapids themselves.

As the boat with its warning whistle drew up alongside the sh.o.r.e there thronged down to the side of the landing the usual crowd of natives, a few white men, many half-breeds, and countless dogs. On the bank above stood the usual row of whitewashed buildings which marked the Hudson's Bay post, not very many in all, even counting the scattered cabins of the population which had drawn in about this upper post.

"Two things you will observe here," said the leader of our young adventurers. "Smith's Landing has a sidewalk, and Smith's Landing also has a team of horses! You may mark this place as farthest north for the domestic horse--you will not see another one north of here. They have to have this team to get the goods across by wagon. Sometimes, too, they track a scow over, I believe, although the road is not very good."

"Well, how did they come to have that sidewalk?" asked John, pointing to the narrow and unimportant strip of walk which lay in front of one of the warehouses.

Uncle d.i.c.k smiled. "The captain of the boat told me that they wanted some telephone-poles to string a wire from here across to Fort Smith, over the portage. So the wise authorities of the Company had Montreal send out enough square-sawed four-inch joists to make poles for fifty miles of telephone--and right in a country where there are better telephone-poles than you could get at Montreal! So they were all brought through, with what trouble you can imagine, since you have seen the sort of transport they must have had coming this far. The factor could not use them all, so he put up a few and laid the others in the form of a sidewalk. I'll say it's lasting, at least!

"As for those horses, however," he continued, "we'll take a crack at them ourselves if we have luck. You've been complaining that things are not exciting enough, and I propose to give you a touch of life.

After we get done our work here--that is to say, after everybody has drunk up all the Scotch whisky that has come north on this boat--we'll be getting on about our business. We'll take our scow through.

"I'm going to contract with old Johnny Belcore, the traffic-handler here, to take our boat and an extra scow around through the rapids of the Slave River. You'll see he'll ship his horses along to use on the portages, and there'll be more than one of them. It would take a lot of men to track one of these boats up the bank and along a mile or so of dry ground. They tell me that he uses rollers and pulls the boats by horse power. So, as that is one more example of the way the brigade gets its goods north, we'll use that, if only for the sake of our own information."

"That'll be fine," said Rob. "I'd much rather do that than climb on top of a lumber-wagon and ride across sixteen miles of muskeg. If we did that we'd miss all the excitement of seeing the Big Rapids of the Slave. I've been reading about them. You're right, this is perhaps as bad boat water as any actually used by men."

"Do you suppose it is worse than the White Horse Rapids up on the head of the Yukon?" asked John, looking up.