Fuchsia!

Trapa!

Ca.s.sia.

Cercis.

Medicago.

*Phaseolus!

Wistaria.

Gleditschia.

Affonsea.

Trifolium!

Archidendron.

Mimosa.

Robinia.

Diphaca.

Coesalpinia.

Vicia.

Anthyllis.

Cucurbita.

Pa.s.siflora!

Sambucus!

*OEnanthe!

Daucus!

Angelica!

Heracleum!

Silaus.

Carum.

Thysselinum.

Campanula!

Spilanthes.

Chrysanthemum.

Anagallis.

Primula!

Fraxinus!

Lycium.

Cobaea.

Datura!

Solanum!

Sesamum.

Sideritis.

Coleus.

Veronica!

*Digitalis!

Antirrhinum!

Linaria.

Gloxinia!

Symphytum.

Anchusa.

Polygonum.

Euphorbia.

Cneorum.

Mercurialis!

Chenopodium.

Suaeda.

Beta.

Corylus!

Lambertia.

Cocos!

Tigridia.

Tulipa!

Iris!

Narcissus!

Allium!

Ornithogalum.

Gagea!

Tradescantia!

Schoenodon.

Bambuseae.

A few additional references may here be given to papers where an increased number of carpels is described:--Engelmann, 'De Antholys,' -- 17, p. 19. Bernhardi, 'Flora,' 1838, p. 129.

Schkuhr., 'Bot. Handb.,' t. 179. G.o.dron, 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' ser.

5, vol. ii, p. 280, tab. xviii, _pluricarpellary Crucifers_.

Weber, 'Verhandl. Nat. Hist. Vereins. Rhein. Pruss.,' &c., 1860, _Cerasus_, &c., &c. Baillon, 'Adansonia,' iv, p. 71, _Trifolium_. Schlechtendal, 'Bot. Zeit.,' xv, p. 67, _Datura_, three-celled fruit; 'Bot. Zeit.,' xiii, p. 823, _Phaseolus_, double pistil--a common case. Cramer, 'Bildungsabweich,' p. 99, reference to several leguminous plants with polycarpellary pistils. Munro, Gen., 'Linn. Trans.,' vol. xxvi, p. 26, _Bambuseae_. Alph. de Candolle, 'Neue Denkschrift,'

_Cheiranthus_. Schimper, 'Flora,' 1829, ii, p. 433. Wigand, 'Bot. Untersuch.' Fleischer, 'Missbild. Cultur Pfl.' Cramer, 'Bildungsabweich,' p. 65, _Umbelliferae_.

=Polyphylly of the flower in general.=--Although, for the sake of convenience, multiplication has here been treated of as it affects the members of individual whorls of the flower, yet it must be remembered that, in general, the augmentation is not confined to one whorl, but affects several; thus, if the sepals are increased, the petals are likely to be so likewise, and so forth. One of the most curious ill.u.s.trations of this is that recorded by Mr. Berkeley[414] in a plum, wherein there was an increased number of sepals, a corresponding augmentation in the petals, while the pistil was composed of two and sometimes three carpels distinct from the calyx and from each other. In the flowers there did not appear to be any definite relation in the position of the parts either with reference one to another or to the axis.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 186.--Plum. Increased number of parts in the calycine, corolline, and carpellary whorls respectively.]

In _Primulaceae_ this general augmentation has been frequently noticed.[415]

Among _Orchideae_ the instance related by Dr. Seubert is worth alluding to here. This botanist observed and figured a flower of _Orchis pal.u.s.tris_ with tetramerous arrangement of parts, that is to say there were four outer segments to the perianth, four petals, of which two were lip-like, four stamens, three of which were rudimentary, and an ovary with four parietal placentae.[416]

The following list will serve to show in what plants this general augmentation of parts has been observed most frequently:

Ranunculus.

Clematis!

Delphinium.

Bra.s.sica!

Ruta.

Acer!

Prunus!

Rosa!

Rubus.

Philadelphus!

Chrysosplenium.

Umbelliferae, sp. pl.!

*Fuchsia!

OEnothera.

Adoxa.

Bryonia.