=Distribution.=--Southern Pennsylvania and southern Indiana to West Virginia and central Tennessee.

Shrub or small tree sometimes 4.5 m. (15 feet) high, with ascending, irregular branches.

Specimens seen from: Floyd (Dr. Clapp, before 1840); Knox (Schneck); Perry (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Wells (Deam).

=18. Crataegus pruinsa= (Wendland) K. Koch. Waxy-fruited Thorn. Plate 94. Bark dark brown; spines numerous, slender, 3-6 cm. (1-1/4-2-1/2 inches) long; leaves elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2-1/2 inches) long and wide, acute or ac.u.minate at the apex, abruptly cuneate, rounded or occasionally cordate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate with 3 or 4 pairs of broad acute lobes towards the apex, blue-green, glabrous, membranaceous; petioles 2 or 3 cm. (3/4-1-1/4 inches) long, glabrous; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (5/6 inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers pink or sometimes yellow or white; styles and nutlets 4 or 5; calyx lobes lanceolate-ac.u.minate, entire, slightly serrate at the base; fruit ripens in October, depressed-globose to short-ellipsoidal, strongly angled, waxy, apple green, becoming scarlet or purple, 1.2-1.5 cm. (1/2-2/3 inch), thick, firm, yellow, sweet; calyx tube prominent, the lobes spreading, persistent.

=Distribution.=--Rocky, open woods, western New England to Michigan and south to North Carolina and Missouri. Well distributed in Indiana.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Plate 93.

CRATaeGUS GATTINGERI Ashe. Dr. Gattinger's Thorn. ( 1/2.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Plate 94.

CRATaeGUS PRUINOSA (Wendland) K. Koch. Waxy-fruited Thorn. ( 1/2.)]

A small shrubby tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with irregular branches and crown.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Clark (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Delaware (Deam); Gibson (Deam); Hamilton (Deam); Hanc.o.c.k (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Lagrange (Deam); Madison (Deam); Marion (Deam); Monroe (Deam); Porter (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Randolph (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Sullivan (Deam); Tipton (Deam); Vermillion (Deam); Warren (Deam); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam).

=19. Crataegus cocciniodes= Ashe. Eggert's Thorn. (_Crataegus Eggertii_ Britton). Plate 95. Bark grayish-brown, scaly; spines curved, 2-6 cm.

(3/4-2-1/2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, 4-9 cm. (1-1/2-3-1/2 inches) long, 3.5-8 cm. (1-3/4-3 inches) wide, acute at the apex, rounded or truncate at the base, doubly serrate with several pairs of broad, acute lobes, dark green above, paler and slightly tomentose along the veins beneath, membranaceous; petioles 2 to 3 cm. (3/4-1-1/4 inches) long, slightly p.u.b.escent; corymbs glabrous, 5-12 flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (5/6 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets usually 4 or 5; calyx lobes ovate, acute, glandular-serrate; fruit ripens in September, subglobose, obtusely angled, 1.5-2 cm. (3/4-1 inch) thick, flesh reddish, subacid, edible; calyx tube prominent, the lobes spreading.

=Distribution.=--Montreal Island to Rhode Island and west to eastern Kansas and Missouri.

A small tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches and a broad, round-topped crown.

Specimens have been seen from: Floyd (Dr. Clapp, before 1840), (Deam); Gibson (Schneck); Marion (Deam); Martin (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Whitley (Deam).

=20. Crataegus coccinea= Linnaeus. Scarlet Thorn. Red Haw. (_Crataegus pedicillata_ Sargent). Plate 96. Bark light gray, spines stout, curved, 2-6 cm. (3/4-2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, 3-10 cm. (1-1/4-4 inches) long, 3-9 cm. (1-1/4-3-1/2 inches) wide, acute or ac.u.minate at the apex, broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, serrate, doubly serrate or lobed, slightly p.u.b.escent, becoming scabrous above, nearly glabrous beneath, membranaceous; corymbs glabrous or sometimes slightly villous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.5-2 cm. (2/3-5/6 inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets 3-5; fruit ripens in September, pyriform to short ellipsoidal, scarlet or red, glabrous or slightly p.u.b.escent, 1.5-2 cm. (3/4-5/6 inch) thick, flesh thick, dry and mealy; calyx lobes lanceolate-ac.u.minate, glandular-serrate, erect or spreading, rather persistent.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Plate 95.

CRATaeGUS COCCINOIDES Ashe. Eggert's Thorn. ( 1/2.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Plate 96.

CRATaeGUS COCCINEA Linnaeus. Scarlet Thorn. ( 1/2.)]

=Distribution.=--Connecticut to Ontario, Illinois, Delaware and Pennsylvania.

A small tree sometimes 8 m. (25 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches and a broad, round-topped crown.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Floyd (Deam); Knox (Deam); n.o.ble (VanGorder); Steuben (Deam); White (Deam).

=Horticultural Uses.=--This fine tree has been in the gardener's hands several centuries. There are specimens in the Kew Gardens, England, more than two hundred years old.

=20a. Crataegus coccinea= var. =Ellw.a.n.geriana=, n. nom. (_Crataegus pedicillata_ var. _Ellw.a.n.geriana_ (Sargent) Eggleston). Corymbs densely villous; fruit slightly villous.

=Distribution.=--Known in Indiana from Deam's specimen No. 27355 from Warren County.

=21. Crataegus mollis= (Torrey and Gray) Scheele. Red-fruited or Downy Thorn. Red Haw. Plate 97. Bark grayish-brown, fissured and scaly; spines curved, 3-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, acute at the apex, cordate to truncate at the base, serrate or twice serrate with narrow acute lobes, 4-13 cm. (1-1/2-5 inches) long, 4-10 cm. (1-1/2-4 inches) wide, slightly rugose, densely tomentose beneath, tomentose above, becoming scabrous, membranaceous; petioles 2-4 cm. (3/4-1-1/2 inches) long, tomentose; corymbs tomentose, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2.5 cm. (1 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers light yellow; styles and nutlets 4 or 5; fruit ripens in September, short-ellipsoidal to subglobose, scarlet, 1.5-2.5 cm. (1/2-1 inch) thick, flesh thick, yellow, edible; calyx lobes glandular-serrate, swollen, erect or spreading, deciduous.

=Distribution.=--Southern Ontario to South Dakota, south to central Tennessee and Arkansas. This thorn is well distributed over Indiana.

A small tree often 13 m. (40 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches, forming a broad, round-topped crown.

Specimens have been examined from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Ca.s.s (Mrs. Ida Jackson); Dearborn (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Delaware (Deam); Floyd (Deam); Gibson (Schneck), (Deam); Hanc.o.c.k (Deam); Hendricks (Deam); Henry (Deam); Jackson (Deam); Knox (Schneck), (Deam); Madison (Deam); Marion (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Montgomery (Grimes); Posey (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Shelby (Deam); Sullivan (Deam); Vermillion (Deam); Wells (Deam); Whitley (Deam).

[Ill.u.s.tration: Plate 97.

CRATaeGUS MOLLIS (Torrey and Gray) Scheele. Red-fruited Thorn. ( 1/2.)]

=22. Crataegus Phaenopyrum= (Linnaeus fils) Medicus. Washington Thorn.

Scarlet Haw. (_Crataegus cordata_ Aiton). Plate 98. Bark grayish-brown, scaly; spines numerous, slightly curved, 2-5 cm. (3/4-2 inches) long; leaves ovate-triangular, 2-8 cm. (3/4-3 inches) long and wide, simply or doubly serrate, often 3-5 lobed, acute at the apex, rounded to cordate at the base, bright green above, glabrous; petioles slender, 1.5-5 cm.

(1/2-2 inches) long, glabrous; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in June, 8-12 mm. (1/3-1/2 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets usually 5; calyx lobes deltoid, entire, deciduous; fruit ripens in October or November, depressed-globose, scarlet, 4-6 mm. (1/6-1/4 inch) thick, nutlets with a bare apex and smooth back, flesh thin, firm.

=Distribution.=--Virginia to Georgia, Indiana to Arkansas. Moist rich soil. Naturalized in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Possibly it may be naturalized at the Indiana station. More knowledge of distribution in southern Indiana is needed to settle this question.

A shrubby tree sometimes 9 m. (30 feet) high, with nearly erect branches and an oblong crown.

Specimens have been seen from Wayne (Deam). It also occurs in the Wabash Valley.

=Horticultural Uses.=--This is one of the most desirable thorns for ornamental planting and hedges. Its scarlet autumn foliage and beautiful little scarlet fruit persist for a long time. It is also one of the American thorns long in cultivation, both in Europe and the United States.

=Crataegus albicans= Linnaeus. This species was reported for Indiana by Heimlich.[52]

The material at hand is not sufficient to make a satisfactory determination, hence it is omitted in the text.

According to the treatment of the genus Crataegus in Britton and Brown's Ill.u.s.trated Flora, 2nd Edition, the range of the following species extend into Indiana.

Throughout the State-- In the northern part of the State--

C. Boyntoni. C. Brainerdi.

C. lucorum.

In the southern part of the State-- C. roanensis.

C. beata.

C. berberifolia. C. villipes.

C. denaria. C. Pringlei.

C. fecunda.

C. ovata.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Plate 98.

CRATaeGUS PHaeNOPYRUM (Linnaeus filius) Medicus. Washington Thorn.

( 1/2.)]